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RumsakustikErling Nilsson, AkustikerECOPHON Saint-Gobain

Innehåll

• Något om Ecophon• Att arbeta som akustiker• Rumsakustik i praktiken• Betydelsen av god akustik• Rumsakustik och ljudabsorption• “Activity based acoustic design”• Effekt av akustikreglering• Några exempel på akustikreglering

Benefits of a good sound environment

For people to learn, work, heal and feel better…

Better gradesin schools

Higherproductivity

for companies

Faster recoveryof patients

More worker-friendly

industries

…wherever people work and communicate

A sound effect on people Our mission and vision The Ecophon Story Company facts Part of Saint-Gobain Care for environment

Market segments Production and logistics Our way to the market Products and systems References Ending

Community school no 15, Gdynia, Poland. Architect: Adam Drochomiercki. Photo: Szymon Polanski.System: Ecophon Master A/alpha

Hospital Spital św. Zofii, Warsaw, Poland. System: Ecophon Hygiene A dvance

Axel Springer AG, Hamburg, Germany. Photo: Eric Sha mbroom. System: Ecophon Light coffer with Focus E .

Restaurang Restaurangen, Stockholm. Architect: Matt ias Ljunggren. Photo: Åke E:son Lindman. System: Focus D with Connect Shadow channel trim

• SWIMMINGPOOL

Miejska Sala Widowiskowo-Sportowo, Community Sports Hall. Architect: Przedsibiorstwo Projektowo-Wykona wcze pro-Art KONOPKA. Photo: Szymon Polanski. System: Ec ophon Focus DG

Sultan Ahmad State Mosque, Kuantan, Malaysia. Syste m: Ecophon Gedina.

Production unit Distribution center

European supply chain

Forssa

A sound effect on people Our mission and vision The Ecophon Story Company facts Part of Saint-Gobain Care for environment

Our way to the market Products and systems References EndingMarket segments Production and logistics

Næstved

Hyllinge

Gliwice

Chalon

Organisation

NæstvedDenmark

HyllingeSweden

ChalonFrance

ForssaFinland

Corporate management and finance, Central marketing, Purchasing, R&D and HR

PLANTS & LOGISTICS

BUSINESS UNITS

GliwicePoland

HEAD OFFICE: HYLLINGE, SWEDEN

South Africa

UK and Ireland

NEW MARKETS

IndiaUSA

Germany and Austria

Czech Republic

Sweden Denmark France

Russia

A sound effect on people Our mission and vision The Ecophon Story Company facts Part of Saint-Gobain Care for environment

Market segments Production and logistics Our way to the market Products and systems References Ending

Netherlands

Finland and Estonia

Poland

SpainItaly

”Export through distributors” more than 30 other countries.

Saint-Gobain

• One of the world’s 100 leading industry groups• Focusing on habitat and construction• Established in 1665• Present in 64 countries• 190 000 employees• ~ €40 billion in sales

A sound effect on people Our mission and vision The Ecophon Story Company facts Part of Saint-Gobain Care for environment

Market segments Production and logistics Our way to the market Products and systems References Ending

1. Tug MasterJob Description: A person who has overall responsibility for safe operations of a tug vessel. This includes looking after the crew of the vessel and ensuring that the load is in place and passage plans have been checked.

2. Acoustics ConsultantJob Description: Working on engineering projects, an acousticsconsultant has a good understanding and practical experience ofenvironment and building acoustics and is expected to beproficient with technology called “noise mapping software”. Anacoustic consultant would need to be confident with a range ofacoustics and vibration measurement and analysis systems, andbe conversant with relevant standards and guidance, especiallythose relating to environmental acoustics.

3. Air CartographerJob Description: Similar to an airport or airline manager, or even transport planning manager, an air cartographer creates flight plans for the Royal Air Force (RAF) and maintains flight safety standards.

Technical Areas

• Acoustical Oceanography

• Animal Bioacoustics

• Architectural Acoustics

• Biomedical Acoustics

• Engineering Acoustics

• Musical Acoustics

• Noise

• Physical Acoustics

• Psychological and Physiological Acoustics

• Signal Processing in Acoustics

• Speech Communication

• Structural Acoustics and Vibration

• Underwater Acoustics

• Education in Acoustics

173rd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and the 8th Forum Acusticum

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Room Acoustic design in practise

Schools:

Positive effects of a good sound environment in educational premises include:

• Reduced vocal strain and voice disorders for teachers• Improved concentration• Reduced tiredness, fatigue and stress levels• Easier to hear and be heard with improved speech clarity• Optimised environment for multi-communicational activities such as group work• Improved student behaviour and reduced burden on school and classroom

management

Healthcare:

Better sound environment contributes to:

• Lowering of blood pressure• Improving quality of sleep• Reducing intake of pain medication• Reducing the number of re-admissions• Improving the wellbeing of staff and increasing perceived performance

Open-plan offices:

• In a modern flexible OPO, the creation of a functional work station is a complex process in which acoustic planning is only one part of a series of considerations having to be addressed. The open-plan office should support both communication and concentrated work. Thus, for an OPO to be an efficient and comfortable place of work there are several other requirements than acoustic treatment that have to be fulfilled.

Public health experts agree that environmental risks

constitute 24% of the burden

of disease. Widespread exposure to environmental

noise from road, rail, airports

and industrial sites contributes to this burden. One in

three individuals is annoyed

during the daytime and one in five has disturbed

sleep at night because of traffic

noise. Epidemiological evidence indicates that those

chronically exposed to high levels

of environmental noise have an increased risk of

cardiovascular diseases such as

myocardial infarction. Thus, noise pollution is

considered not only an environmental

nuisance but also a threat to public health.

WHO report

Wallace Clement Sabine(June 13, 1868 – January 10, 1919)

American physicist who founded the field of architectural acoustics

Architectural acoustics

Definition: Reverberation time

Sound pressure level, dB

Time, seconds

60 dB

T60

His formula

where

T=the reverberation time (s)V=the room volume (m3)A=the total equivalent absorption area (m2 sabin)

where

=A

VT 16.0

=TV

A 16.0or

The equivalent absorption area A for a surface with area S m2

is equal to α x S where α is the absorption coefficient for the surface

The broadband reverberation time, which considers all frequencies simultaneously, was 75 seconds – the figure certified as a world record by Guinness.

The oil-storage complex at Inchindown, near Invergordon in Scotland, was built during the Second World War

https://soundcloud.com/tags/sonic%20wonderland

The oil-storage complex at Inchindown

Standards and regulations

Absorption coefficient at normal incidence

AbsorberIncident sound energy

Reflected sound energy

Absorbed sound energy

������������ ����� � = �������������������

�������������������

Absorption coefficient as a function of frequency

20 mm glass wool absorber directly mounted in front of a hard surface (concrete)

Glass wool

Open and closed structures

Closed cell Open cell Simple model of porous absorber

Microscopic structure

Sabine formula

where

T=the reverberation time (s)V=the room volume (m3)A=the total equivalent absorption area (m2 sabin)

where

=A

VT 16.0

=TV

A 16.0or

The equivalent absorption area A for a surface with area S m2

is equal to α x S where α is the absorption coefficient for the surface

On the use of practical absorption coefficients

On the use of practical absorption coefficients

S,

VA=equivalent absorption area, m2 sabine

V= room volyme, m3

T= reverberation time, s

absorption coefficient

α = ∆A/S

Measurement of absorption coefficients according to EN ISO 354

α

withoutTV

withTVAAA

withoutwith⋅−⋅=−=∆ 16.016.0

FHU - Acoustic specification

S

A=α

Equivalent absorption area (ISO 354)

A (m2)

Absorption factor (ISO 354)

S ?

Absorbent ceiling FHU – free hanging unit

V

Reverberation chamber

)11(16.0withoutTwithT

VA −=

AFHU =A/6

Free hanging units “Solo”

Typical classroom

Effect of furniture

absorption

scattering

No boxes

Boxes on the wall

Sabine

Scattering – why is it important?

Glass wool

Absorption and scattering

� + 1 − � ∙ 1 − � + 1 − � ∙ � = 1

absorbed specularly reflected diffusely reflected

Simulation of sound fields

Activity based acoustic design – a method to approach room acoustic design

Several room

acoustic parameters

are needed for a

relevant

characterization of

room acoustic

conditions

Assessment of sound in rooms

Sound source

Physical regionPhysiological and psychological region Room

Sensation• Sound strength• Clarity• Sharpness• …

Preference

Assessment of sound in rooms

Room types

Reverberant room

(Sabine room)

Open-plan spaces

Corridors

Room with absorbent

ceiling

Room acoustic quality aspects• Reverberation• Speech clarity• Auditory strength• Spatial decay

Efterklang

• Relaterar till hur snabbt ljudenergin försvinner i ett rum

Lång efterklang

Kort efterklang

Taltydlighet

• Relaterar till hur tydligt tal uppfattas

Otydligt

Tydligt

Ljudstyrka

• Upplevelsen av ljudets styrka

Hög ljudnivå

Låg ljudnivå

Ljudets avståndsdämpning

• Ljudnivån avtar med avståndet från ljudkällan.

Tal på 1 meters avstånd

Tal på 4 meters avstånd

Tal på 8 meters avstånd

Useful reflections

Detrimental reflections

)end)Energy(50

50ms)Energy(0log(10C50 −

−×= , dB

Definition of room acoustic measures: Speech Clarity C50 (dB)

Room acoustic measures: Sound strength G (dB)

G = LpRoom – Lp10m =Lp – Lw + 31 dB (omni-directional sound source)

10 m

Subjective listener aspect

Room acoustic quantity

Just noticeable difference

Subjective level of sound

Sound Strength G in dB 1 dB

Perceived reverberance

Reverberation time T20 in seconds

5%

Perceived clarity of sound

Speech Clarity C50 in dB 1 dB

Just noticeable difference of room acoustic quantities according to ISO 3382-1

Microphone

Loudspeaker

Reverberation time, T20

Speech clarity, C50

Sound Strength, G

Impulse response

time, s

Room acoustic measurements

Small meeting rooms

Two similar rooms with different ceiling treatment.

Room 1: Ceiling absorber αw = 1.0

Room 2: Ceiling absorber αw = 0.1

Floor area = 12 m2

Height = 2.7 m

Semantic differential questionnaires

Extremely Very Fairly Partly Fairly Very Extremely

Distinct Indistinct

Pleasant Unpleasant

Dry Reverberant

Best possible

listening

environment

Worst possible

listening

environment

Best possible

speaking

environmen

Worst possible

speaking

environmen

X

Semantic differential questionnaires

Extremely Very Fairly Partly Fairly Very Extremely

Distinct Indistinct

Pleasant Unpleasant

Dry Reverberant

Best possible

listening

environment

Worst possible

listening

environment

Best possible

speaking

environmen

Worst possible

speaking

environmen

X

Listening test

Listening test

Listening test

Listening test

Listening test

Measurement results

Measurement results, with wall panels

The effect of different acoustical treatment

Volume= 150 m3, Floor area=55 m2, ceiling height=2,70 m

• No ceiling treatment, no furniture

• Ceiling treatment, no furniture

• Ceiling treatment, furniture

• Wall panels• Extra low frequency

absorption

Classroom in different configurations

Without furniture and ceiling Without furniture, with ceiling

With furniture and ceiling With furniture, ceiling and wall panels

Without furniture and ceiling

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency (Hz)

Reverberation time T20 (s)

-9,00

-7,00

-5,00

-3,00

-1,00

1,00

3,00

5,00

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d s

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

Average absorption coefficient of the room surfaces is 0,05

Practical absorption coefficient of Gedina A

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Pra

ctic

al

ab

sorp

tio

n c

oe

ffic

ien

t

Frequency Hz

Gedina A

Without furniture with ceiling

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency (Hz)

Reverberation time T20 (s)

-9,00

-7,00

-5,00

-3,00

-1,00

1,00

3,00

5,00

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d s

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

Without furniture with ceiling

-9,00

-7,00

-5,00

-3,00

-1,00

1,00

3,00

5,00

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency (Hz)

Reverberation time T20 (s)

Calculation according Sabine formula

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d s

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

With furniture and ceiling

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency (Hz)

Reverberation time T20 (s)

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d s

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

With furniture and ceiling

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d s

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency (Hz)

Reverberation time T20 (s)

The effect of wall panels

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency Hz

Reverberation time T20 (s)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d S

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

Ecophon Gedina A with Extra Bass

The effect of extra low frequency absorptionWith 50% Ecophon Extra Bass

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency Hz

Reverberation time T20 (s)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d S

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

Wall panels and Ecophon Extra BassWith 50% Ecophon Extra Bass

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Re

ve

rbe

rati

on

tim

e (

s)

Frequency Hz

Reverberation time T20 (s)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

Sp

ee

ch C

lari

ty C

50

dB

Frequency Hz

Speech Clarity C50 dB

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

So

un

d S

tre

ng

th G

dB

Frequency Hz

Sound Strength G dB

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Lindab ArenaAcoustic measurements

Lindab arena: EntranceAcoustic solution: Ecophon Solo Circle (different sizes)

Before treatment*

After treatment*

T20 3.2 s2.8 s

1.5 s2.0 s

D (speech) 22%24%

40%26%

RASTI 0.38 (poor) 0.53 (fair)

∆L (dB) - 2 dB0.6 dB

*the values corresponds to an average for 500 and 1000 Hz.

125 Hz

Kunskapsskolan, Helsingborg

Egenskap Mått Före åtgärd Efter åtgärdEfterklangstid T20 (s) 1,5 s 1,0 sTaltydlighet C50 (dB) -2,3 dB 2,4 dB

Före Efter

Acoustics extremes

Anechoic chamber

Reverberation chamber

Equaliser: Balanced sound for optimal room acoustics

T20 (s) (250 – 4000 Hz) G (dB)

0,200,30

0,80

0,500,600,70

1,001,101,201,30

0,90

78

13

9101112

15161718

14

D50 (%)

5056

80

61677276

86899193

83

Reverberation Sound strength Speech clarity

T20 (s) (125 Hz)

0,200,30

0,80

0,400,500,600,70

1,001,101,201,30

0,90

Example: Classroom, traditional education

1,401,501,501,40 19

20

44

94

0,40

Ecophon recommendations, Schools

Criteria Parameter Target values

Speech clarity C 50 (dB), (D50 (%))Average 125 to 4000 Hz

Lecture (“one person speaking”): 6 – 8 dB (80 – 86 %)

Group education (hearing impaired): 7 – 9 dB (83 – 89 %)

Sound strength G (dB)Average 125 to 4000 Hz

Lecture (“one person speaking”): 15 – 17 dBGroup education (hearing impaired): 14 – 16 dB

Reverberation T 20 (s)Average 250 to 4000 HzSpecial requirements at 125 Hz

Lecture (“one person speaking”): 0,40 – 0,50 sGroup education (hearing impaired): 0,30 – 0,40 s