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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 1
EC / PCAL ENERGY CALIBRATION
Cole SmithUVA
PCALEC
Outline
• Why 2 calorimeters?• Requirements• Using MIP for calibration• Experience with EC• PCAL tests• Summary
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 2
PCAL + EC = Better resolution at 12 GeV
EC: 100 mm strips uvw: 36 x 36 x 36 16 r.l. PCAL: 45 mm strips uvw: 68 x 62 x 62 5.5 r.l.
(a) Additional thickness improves energy resolution.(b) Finer granularity of PCAL improves pizero efficiency.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 3
EC / PCAL Calibration Requirements
Acceptable calibration at startup
• Hit / cluster reconstruction in trigger requires substantial control of both energy and geometry calibration already on Day 1.
• Calibration procedure must provide gain and attenuation constants and relative alignment of EC/PCAL modules.
• Constants must be accessible to trigger firmware.
Calibrations of EC and PCAL must be consistent
• Sum of electron energy from each module must agree with forward tracker momentum (E / p = constant).
• Spatial and energy reconstruction of photons must produce correct invariant mass.
Online monitoring of calibration constants
• Continuous gain monitoring essential to maintain uniform trigger response under changing luminosity and relative backgrounds in PCAL and EC.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 4
Components of Energy Calibration
stack of nattenuatio effective
hit tedreconstruc to PMT from distance
pedestal ADC
channel ADC from charge integrated
] channel /MeV 0.1[~ ncalibratio ADC
showers) EM (for fraction sampling
stack orscintillat deposited energy
n
n
pedn
sign
n
s
thn
x
A
nA
g
f
nE
PCAL
EC inner
EC outer
,,,, eee-
π
U
V W1
2
3
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 5
EC / PCAL Energy Calibration Uses MIP
EM shower: Energy deposition non-uniform function of position and depth. Difficult to define calibration benchmark.
Minimum ionizing muon: Uniform and localizable energy deposition profile (dE/dx ~ 2 MeV / cm in scintillator).
μ
e-
Online Cosmic Calibration
• Provides gain and attenuation constants needed for e- trigger.
• Hardware gain matching of PMTs.
• No sophisticated hit reconstruction – simple Dalitz test.
• Muon tomography can provide relative alignment of modules.
• Requires 12-24 hours to obtain adequate statistics.
Offline Calibration
• Uses physics data: MIP pions (p > 0.6 GeV).
• Run-by-run monitoring of PMT gains using E/P or MIP .
• Cross-check of cosmic muon calibration.
• Extrapolation of MIP calibration to 10+ GeV e-
E / P vs. x,y position
Muon energy vs. x,y position
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 6
EC Online – Cosmic Event Display
Live monitoring of cosmic muon data permits quick diagnosis of miscalibrated or dead PMTs
Events / pixel
Energy / pixel
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 7
EC Online - Cosmic Ray Gain Matching
μ
Light Guide
PMT Inner 5 strips
PMT Outer 8 strips
x
Integrated energy deposition
• Linear fit of x-dependence of MIP energy deposition used to obtain attenuation length.
• Fit is extrapolated to x=0 to obtain ADCmax and PMT gain.
• PMT HV adjusted for ADCmax=100 (inner) 160 (outer) → (10 channels / MeV).
Light guide
x-dependence
μ
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 8
EC Performance using Cosmic Muons
GEANTDATA
Online muon calibration adequate to achieve basic physics analysis.
Refinements possible offline.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 9
EC Offline – Calibration Monitoring
Using physics data to determine PMT gains
Using E/P to monitor gain drifts and shifts
Fractional change in E/P vs Run No.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 10
PCAL Cosmic Ray Test Runs
• For each PMT, measure light as function of x.
• To determine x, use strips in other views to localize hit.
• Limit multiplicity to 1 for each U,V,W view.
• Use adjacent strips to veto non-vertical hits (pixel cut).
• Fit gaussian to each x slice to determine MIP peak.
Vetoed tracks
μ
x
U66 W59
W35
W15
PCAL Module 2 – EEL Bldg.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 11
Selecting Single Pixels - Viviani’s Theorem
real function uvw_dist(is,il)
c Defines normalized u,v,w coordinates for PCALc is=strip number (U=1-68 V,W=1-62)c il=layer number (U,V,W=1,2,3) if (il.eq.1.and.is.le.52) uvw=is/84. if (il.eq.1.and.is.gt.52) uvw=(52+(is-52)*2)/84. if (il.eq.2.and.is.le.15) uvw=2*is/77. if (il.eq.2.and.is.gt.15) uvw=(30+(is-15))/77. if (il.eq.3.and.is.le.15) uvw=2*is/77. if (il.eq.3.and.is.gt.15) uvw=(30+(is-15))/77. uvw_dist = uvw end
u
v
w
PCAL events which pass Level 3 (multiplicity=1 for U,V,W)
Single pixel events require U + V + W = 2
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 12
Results from PCAL Tests
U PMTs V PMTs W PMTs
Gain matching of PMTs to within 5% possible.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Page 13
Summary of Energy Calibration Software
Legacy code for EC in use since 1996• Stable, platform independent (PAW kumacs, fortran).• Output consists of flat files (HV values, calibration constants)
appropriately formatted for external scripts.• Algorithms tested and upgraded for PCAL with good results.
New Issues for CLAS12 and Suggestions• Combining calibrations of EC and PCAL may be problematic.• Changeover to Flash ADCs (FADC) requires retuning algorithms. • How to extrapolate MIP calibration over larger dynamic range (10 GeV)?
– E.g. - Hardware gain calibration of FADCs needed.
• Cosmic trigger during physics running for continuous calibration.
Future Development• Integration into online services, calibration database and slow controls.• Complete rewrite in JAVA?• Friendly user interfaces.