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Thoughts emerging from ITC project about cessation
assistance
Ron Borland PhD
Ron Borland PhD
Use of quit meds among those who made QA in last period
0%
5%10%
15%20%
25%
30%35%
40%
Pe
rce
nt
Quarter to one third of attempts use medsUse rare outside western countries, except Korea
Not asked
Help from quitline among those who made QA in last period
0%2%4%6%8%
10%12%14%
Perc
en
t
New Zealand has national line and offers subsidized NRT
Results Overall, 25% Chinese smokers reported having made at least one quit attempt between Waves 1 and 2. Compared to ITC-4 and ITC SEA countries, fewer smokers in China made quit attempts.
Inter Survey Interval: China=16 months, ITC-4 countries=8 months, MY & TH=18 months.
Sources: Hyland et al, 2006, Tob Control; Li et al, NTR, in press.
Reported quit attempt rate between Waves 1& 2
25%
36% 39%
71%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
China ITC-4 countries Malaysia Thailand
Perc
en
t
Change of quit attempt rates in Malaysia and Thailand
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
Wave 1 (12 months) Wave 2 (18 months)
Per
cen
t m
akin
g q
uit
att
emp
ts
Malaysia
Thailand
Note: Between the two surveys Thailand launched its first large-scale mass media anti-smoking campaign; while no campaign was introduced in Malaysia during this period.
Of those attempted in China, 21.7% were still stopped smoking at Wave 2, which is close to the maintenance rates in ITC-4 and ITC-SEA countries.
Maintenance rate among those who made a quit attempt between Waves 1 & 2
21%
26%24%
18%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
China ITC-4 countries Malaysia Thailand
Per
cen
t
Quit attempt – PredictorsMultivariate analyses showed that independent predictors of making quit attempts
in Chinese smokers included:• Higher quitting self-efficacy; • Previous quit attempts;• Having at least some intentions to quit; • Lower dependence (longer time to first cigarette);• Having very negative opinion of smoking;• Having smoking restrictions at home• *(health concerns not predictive in China)
Notes: Underlined factors differ to ITC SEA countries. In China, some city to city variability.
Quit success – Predictors
Independent predictors of maintenance among those who made attempts included:
• Older age;
• Having long previous abstinence from smoking (>6 months);
• Having more immediate quitting intentions (ie, planning to quit within 1 month);
• Having some health concerns about smoking (not strong concerns);
• (dependence, self-efficacy NOT predictive in China)
Notes: Underlined factors differ to ITC SEA countries. In China, some city to city variability.
Some thoughts
• The cessation population may change over time
• Assistance only reaches a minority
• Those who need it may not want it early on
• Role of specialist clinics???
• Roles for Quitlines
• Rx access patchy– Access for poor???
• Potential of internet
• Knowledgeable health professionals