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Three Levels of ContextThree Levels of Context Contextualization – Incorporating the text Contextualization – Incorporating the text
into your personal settinginto your personal setting
Text Surrounding a PassageText Surrounding a Passage Purpose of the bookPurpose of the book Structure:Genre & PlanStructure:Genre & Plan Immediate ContextImmediate Context
Historical Context – Author, Historical Context – Author, Recipient, Date, Situation.Recipient, Date, Situation.
Circles of ContextCircles of Context
Text
Paragraph
Section
Pericope
chapter
Book
Author
Covenant
Dangers to ContextDangers to Context
Memorizing individual versesMemorizing individual verses
Attitude of quasi magical formula of verses Attitude of quasi magical formula of verses (power verses worn as amulets)(power verses worn as amulets)
Concordance WorkConcordance Work
Claiming promises or commands not Claiming promises or commands not made to you.made to you.
Axiom #2: Context is King (of interpretation)Axiom #2: Context is King (of interpretation)
Identifying the Purpose of a BookIdentifying the Purpose of a BookSometimes it’s clearly stated (Jn 20:31; Lk Sometimes it’s clearly stated (Jn 20:31; Lk 1:1-4; 1 Jn 5:13; Prov 1:1-6; Eccl 12:13)1:1-4; 1 Jn 5:13; Prov 1:1-6; Eccl 12:13)
Sometimes it is implied:Sometimes it is implied: Selection or placement of detailsSelection or placement of details Hortatory or parenthetical commentsHortatory or parenthetical comments
Occasion for writing: Jeremiah; Amos; Occasion for writing: Jeremiah; Amos; Philemon, etc.Philemon, etc.
Flow of thoughtFlow of thought
Special ConsiderationSpecial Consideration
A book may have multiple purposesA book may have multiple purposes
It’s purpose may be disputedIt’s purpose may be disputed
Specialists, such as teachers, Specialists, such as teachers, commentaries or even personal commentaries or even personal memorization, can help.memorization, can help.
Structuralism: The Plan of the BookStructuralism: The Plan of the Book
Authors structure their books differently:Authors structure their books differently: Some are meticulous (Mt, Lk/Acts, Heb, Rev)Some are meticulous (Mt, Lk/Acts, Heb, Rev) Others have little order (James, Prov., Psa).Others have little order (James, Prov., Psa).
Outlining is the best way to see the order:Outlining is the best way to see the order: Don’t strictly follow verse divisions. They Don’t strictly follow verse divisions. They
come from the 13come from the 13thth century and don’t always century and don’t always work well.work well.
Poor examples: Acts 8:1; Eph 5:21; Isa 53:1; Poor examples: Acts 8:1; Eph 5:21; Isa 53:1; 2 Cor 2:12 Cor 2:1
Various Structural ArrangementsVarious Structural Arrangements
Wisdom/PoetryWisdom/Poetry: : Psa., Prov., Ecclesiastes, LamentationsPsa., Prov., Ecclesiastes, Lamentations
LettersLetters: : Rom., 1 & 2 Cor, Gal., Eph., Phil., Col., 1 & 2 Thess.,Rom., 1 & 2 Cor, Gal., Eph., Phil., Col., 1 & 2 Thess.,
1 & 2 Tim., Titus, Philemon, Heb., 1 & 2 Peter, 1—3 John, Jude1 & 2 Tim., Titus, Philemon, Heb., 1 & 2 Peter, 1—3 John, Jude
CyclicalCyclical: : Judges, Job, Ecclesiastes, Song of SongsJudges, Job, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs
ChronologicalChronological: : Gen., Exod., Josh., 1 & 2 Kings, 1 & 2 Gen., Exod., Josh., 1 & 2 Kings, 1 & 2
Chron., Ezra, Esther; or Chron., Ezra, Esther; or Geographical : Geographical : Neh. , Jonah, ActsNeh. , Jonah, Acts
BiographicalBiographical: : Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, Matthew, Mark, Luke, JohnRuth, 1 & 2 Samuel, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John
LegalLegal: : Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.
VisionaryVisionary: : Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Obadiah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, RevelationMalachi, Revelation
Literary DevicesLiterary Devices
Parallels: Genesis 1-2; Psalms; Lk 15Parallels: Genesis 1-2; Psalms; Lk 15
Inclusio: Genesis 37-39; Mk 11:12-25Inclusio: Genesis 37-39; Mk 11:12-25
Chiasm: Mt 13Chiasm: Mt 13
Acrostic: Prov 31:10-31; Psa 119; 145; Acrostic: Prov 31:10-31; Psa 119; 145; Lam 2Lam 2
Parallelism: Lk/ActsParallelism: Lk/Acts
Ascending/Descending: JudgesAscending/Descending: Judges
Identifying Contextual Parameters:Identifying Contextual Parameters: Look for change and repetition Look for change and repetition
Grammatical CluesGrammatical Clues
Change in verb tenseChange in verb tense
Narrative Clues: Narrative Clues: Change in time, persons, or placeChange in time, persons, or place Repeated term, phrase or propositionRepeated term, phrase or proposition Repeated thoughtRepeated thought Rhetorical QuestionsRhetorical Questions Vocative, imperative, or hortatoryVocative, imperative, or hortatory
Transitional conjunctionsTransitional conjunctions