TICK COLLECTION CRITERIAProject titleMichael Cherry| Dr. Ben Clarke| Bridges and Pathways Program 2010
TICK COLLECTION• What criteria and procedures should be
used when collecting ticks in the ‘wild’?
PROJECT OVERVIEW• Where ticks are located• Survey techniques should be consistent• Use of standardized equipment• Integrity of Data Collection Criteria and
methods of recording
WHERE ARE TICKS LOCATED IN THE MIDWEST?• Near or in deciduous forests• Dry to mesic (moderate moisture) forests• Alfisol-type soils of sandy or loam-sand
textures overlying sedimentary rock• Along ecotones (boundaries between
varying ecosystems)
ALFISOL SOILS• Alfisols are a soil order in
USDA soil taxonomy. Alfisols form in semiarid to humid areas, typically under a hardwood forest cover. They have a clay-enriched subsoil and relatively high native fertility. "Alf" refers to Aluminium (Al) and Iron (Fe).
Alfisol from East Tennessee. http://www.uamont.edu/facultyweb/francis/soilprofiles/soilprofilepage.htm
WHERE ARE TICKS NOT LOCATED IN THE MIDWEST?• Near coniferous forests• Grasslands • Wet and very damp forests• Acidic soils of low fertility and a clay soil
texture• Precambrian bedrock
CONSTRUCTION OF DRAGGING EQUIPMENT– 70 x 90cm piece of light-colored corduroy– 1cm diameter wooden dowel along leading
edge– Steel rod sewn into trailing edge for added
weight– Rope or wood handle to allow front edge of
‘sheet’ to contact vegetation
COLLECTION TECHNIQUES FROM SCHULZE/JORDAN• Same individual should perform the dragging for
consistency– Speed, height
• Collected hourly from 0600 – 2100 hours• 100m long transects, collect every 10m to prevent
ticks from falling off• Ramdomize dragging order, direction of travel,
location within each transect (left, right, center) to minimize repeated dragging of same areas
• Minimize dew collection by drying on running pickup truck hood– To minimize effects of moisture on tick collection
STATISTICS• For each sampling event (each hour) (use
of Weather Station):– Ambient Temperature– Ambient Humidity– Place Weather Station in center of area, 1m
above vegetation height– Litter temperature and humidity (digital
thermometer)• At least 2.5cm below leaf litter surface but not into
the soil
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS• Use of repeated measures of analysis of variance• Use of multiple linear regression to examine
relationships• Use separate regressions for each species• Tolerance value of 0.1 is acceptable• Calculate temp gradient: subtract hourly litter temp
from ambient• Calculate humidity gradient: subtract litter H from
ambient H• Use Pearson correlation and linear regression to
determine relationships between calculated gradients and numbers of questing ticks
CONCLUSION• Consistency regarding the gathering of
ticks and in measuring and recording statistics are critical to success
WORKS CITED• Meteorologically Mediated Diurnal
Questing of Ixodes Scapularis and Amblyomma Americanum Nymphs – Terry Schulze and Robert Jordan Journal of Medical Entomology (2003)
• Distribution of the Common Tick, Ixodes ricinus, in different vegetation types in Southern Sweden – Anders Lindstrom and Thomas Jaenson, Journal of Medical Entomology (2003)