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Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia
Technical Inputs
National Standard of Peoples Republic of China
GB/T 5490-2010
Inspection of grain and oils General rules
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Imprint
Published by the
Deutsche Gesellschaft fr
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Registered offices
Bonn and Eschborn, Germany
Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia
China Office
TaYuan Diplomatic Office
14 Liangmahe South Street, Chaoyang District
10600 Beijing, PR China
T +86-10-8532-5344
F +86-10-8532-5744
Office Mongolia
Naiman Zovkhi Building
Seoul Street 21Ulaanbaatar 14251, Mongolia
www.giz.de
As at
September 2014
Photo credits
Copyrights for all pictures: GIZ
Copyright for cover picture: GIZ/Ursula Meissner
Text
Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology (SIST), Shenzhen, PR China
The findings and conclusions expressed in this documentation are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily repre-
sent the view of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) or further organising parties. The informa-
tion provided is without warranty of any kind.
On behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
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ICS 67.040
X 04
Natioal Stadard of Peoples Repuli of Chia
GB/T 5490-2010
Replaces GB/T 5490-1985
Inspection of grain and oilsGeneral rules
Issue Date: June 30, 2010 Implementation Date: January 1, 2011
Issued by General Adiistratio of Quality Supervisio, Ispetio ad Quaratie of the Peoples
Repuli of Chia AQSIQ ad Stadardizatio Adiistratio of the Peoples Repuli of Chia
(SAC)
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1
Foreword
This standard replaces the GB/T 5490-1985 Inspection of Grain, Oil Seeds and Vegetables Oils
General Rules.
Compare with GB/T 5490-1985, the major changes of this standard are listed as follows:
--- Add terms and definitions, choices of inspection methods, apparatuss requirement, and
inspection requirement related to inspection of grain and oils;
--- Supplement the arbitration method;
--- Revise and supplement the inspection result calculation;
--- Cite the corresponding national standard to replace the Annex A error and data processing
and Annex B preparation and calibration of several standard solutionsof original standard;
--- Change the general procedures of inspection of grain and oils, describe the inspection
procedures of grain and oils and their products respectively according to the type of grain and
items of inspection, and include such description into informative annex.
Annex B of this standard is normative Annex; Annex A of this standard is informative Annex.
This standard is proposed by State Administration of Grain.
This standard is under jurisdiction of the National Standardization Technical Committee of Grain
and Oils.
The main organizations that participated in the drafting of this standard are: Standards &
Quality Center of the State Administration of Grain, Henan University of Technology, Sichuan
Province Industry and Trade School, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Heilongjiang
Province Grain and Oils Quality Inspection Station, Hubei Province Grain and Oils Quality
Inspection Station, China Grain Reserves Corporation Jilin Branch, Chengdu Institute of Grain
Storage Science, Beijing Institute of Food Science.
The major drafters of this standard are: Tang Ruiming, Zhang Yurong, Zhou Xianqing, Zhou
Zicheng, Yuan Jian, Song Xiujuan, Xiong Ning, Gu Xiangming, Bing Yongjin, Yang Zhengyao, Gao
Yanna, Yang Haoran, Zheng Jiafeng, Zhou Zhanming.
The past published version which is replaced is listed as follows:
--- GB/T 5490-1985
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GB/T 54902010
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Inspection of grain and oilsGeneral rules
1 Scope
This standard specifies terms and definitions, samples registration, samples requirements,
selection of inspection methods, reagents requirements, apparatuss requirements, originalrecord and inspection sheet as well as results calculation and processing related to quality
inspection of grain, oils and products.
This standard is applicable to quality inspection of grain, oils and products.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, referred by this standard, constitute
provisions of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
However, it is encouraged for each party entering agreement according to this standard to
decide whether to use the latest versions of these documents. In addition, the latest versions of
all reference documents without dates are applicable to the standard.
GB/T 601 Chemical reagent Preparations of standard volumetric solutions
GB/T 602 Chemical reagent Preparations of standard solutions for impurity
GB/T 603 Chemical reagent Preparations of reagent and products for use in test methods
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting
values
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this standard.
3.1
Sample
Few material object that can represent the quality of tested grain and oils. The samples can be
divided into increment, aggregate sample, submitted sample (laboratory sample), and
experiment sample.
3.2
Increment
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Few samples that sample from sampling unit of the tested grain and oils using specified
sampling tools according to specified method.
3.3
Aggregate sample
Sample that aggregates and mixes all the increment together according to the specified
representative quantity.
3.4
Submitted sample
Laboratory sample
Sample that fully mixes the aggregate samples and is split into certain amount by using sampling
tool according to specified method and then is sent to laboratory
3.5
Retention sample
Sample that is the same as the submitted sample or experiment sample which is obtained from
the splitting sample, backup for verification, recheck and unexpected circumstances.
3.6
Experiment sample
Sample that is used for laboratory inspection and prepared according to specified method.
3.7
Parallel test
Operation, starting from sample reduction of laboratory samples or sample weighing of
experiment samples after preparation, which uses the same analytical procedure, apparatus,
and reagent in order to acquire mutual independence of the test result
3.8
Blank test
Adopt the same analytical procedure, apparatus, and reagent operation as the experiment
sample test except adding experiment sample. The result is used to deduct the background of
experiment sample and calculate detection limit of the test method.
3.9
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9 Inspection requirements
9.1 Conduct inspection according to the specified analytical procedure in the standard.
9.1.1 Weigh: use scale to weigh, and its accuracy is expressed by numerical significant digit. For
example: weigh 20.0 gmeans that the accuracy is 0.1 g; weigh 20.00 gmeans that
the accuracy is 0.01 g.
9.1.2 Accurate weight: Use scale to weigh and its accuracy is 0.0001 g.
9.1.3 Constant weight: Under specified conditions, the discrepancy of weight should not exceed
the specified scope after the sample is dried or burnt twice.
9.1.4 Measure: Use measuring cylinder or measuring glass to get the liquid substance.
9.1.5 Absorb: Use transfer pipette, measuring pipet to get the liquid substance.
9.2 In order to reduce random errors, parallel test should be conducted so that mutualindependent estimated value can be acquired and thereby reliable final test result could be
acquired.
9.3 Blank test should be conducted when there is background for the test and the detection
limit of the test method needs to be calculated.
9.4 Recovery test should be conducted to judge whether there is systematic error in the analytic
procedure and to verify the reliability and accuracy of the test method.
9.5 Protective measures should be taken for the possible insecurity factor (such as poisoning,
explosion, corrosion and burning) in the inspection.
9.6 For the quality inspection procedure of the main grain and oils, see Annex A.
10 Original record and inspection sheet
10.1 Complete original record should be kept in the experiment sample inspection. Original
record should be original, authentic and traceable.
10.2 Original record should include (but not limited to): sample number, sample name (category,
variety), inspection criteria, inspection item, inspection method, environment temperature,
humidity, major (name, type, number), test data, computational formula and result, inspector,
checker, inspection date.
10.3 Inspector should fill in the quality inspection sheet in accordance with the original record.
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11 Results calculation and handling
11.1 Calculation of estimated value and the rounding of valid figures should be in accordance
with GB/T 8170.
11.2 Final test result
11.2.1 Under the condition of repeatability, compare the absolute difference of two
independent test results with the allowable difference specified in the standard (repeatability
limit r=2.8*Sr), if the absolute difference of these two test results is not more than allowable
difference, then take the average value of the two independent test result as the final test result.
11.2.2 If the absolute difference of two independent test results is greater than the allowable
difference, then two more independent tests should be conducted, and there will be four
independent test results. If the range (Xmax-Xmin) of the four independent test results is equal to
or less than 1.3 times of the allowable difference [or repetitive critical range CrR95(4)=3.6*Sr],
then take the average value of the four independent test results as the final test result; If therange (Xmax-Xmin) of the four independent test results is greater than 1.3 times of the allowable
difference [or repetitive critical range CrR95(4)=3.6*Sr], then take the median of the four
independent test results as the final test result.
11.2.3 When more than two independent tests are required by the standard, the repetitive
critical range CrR95(n) is calculated according to Annex B and the final test result is determined
according to 11.2.1 and 11.2.2.
11.3 Non-detected could be used to describe the test result if the test result is under the
detection limit but its detection limit value should be noted.
11.4 The test report should include (but not limited to) the following contents:
--- Final test result, and the test number should be stated, whether the test result is the average
value or median;
--- All the information of the sample;
--- Sampling method (if known);
--- All the operation details which might influence the result and which are not specifically
described in the standard or are not considered to be optional.
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Annex A
(Informative Annex)
Quality inspection procedure of grain and oils
A. 1 Inspection procedure of paddy
Figure A.1 Inspection procedure of paddy
See Figure A.1
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A.2 Inspection procedure of wheat and corn
See Figure A.2.
Figure A.2 Inspection procedure of wheat and corn
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A. 3 Inspection procedure of soybean See Figure A.3
Figure A.3 Inspection procedure of soybean
content
IncrementAggregate
Sample
Retention
Sample
OthersStorage
Quality
Experiment
Sample
Retention
Sample
Laboratory
Sample
MoistureNutritional
Ingredient
Color and
Lustre,
Smell
Bulk
Sample
Impurity
SkinColor
Perfect
sample
Protein
solubilit
y ratio
Fatty acidvalue
Damage
Sample
Hand Sample
Impurity
Nutrition
Facts
Crude fatCrude
proteinColor and
Lustre,
Smell
odour
odour
Big
foreign
matter
Small
foreign
matter
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A.4 Inspection procedure of rice
See figure A.4
Figure A.4 Inspection procedure of rice
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A.5 Inspection procedure of wheat flour
See figure A.5
Figure A.5 Inspection procedure of wheat flour
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Annex B
(Informative annex)
Calculation of repeatability critical range
Repeatability critical range is calculated according to formula (B.1):
..(B.1)
Where:
After n times of independent test under the condition of repeatability, the
repetitive critical range when the probability is 95%.
testing times
critical range coefficient, the critical range coefficient of different
independent testing times refers to Table B.1.
Srrepeatability standard difference.
Table B.1Critical range coefficient
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Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia
Office China
Ta Yuan Diplomatic Office
14 Liangmahe South Street, Chaoyang District
100600 Beijing, PR China
Office MongoliaNaiman Zovkhis Building
Seoul Street 21,
Ulaanbaatar 14251, Mongoli