Tijdvak 10Tijdvak 10Paradoxes of Paradoxes of

Global AccelerationGlobal Acceleration1945-20041945-2004

The World in 1945:The World in 1945: 50 million people killed during WW II50 million people killed during WW II Parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa Parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa in ruinsin ruins World trade severely damagedWorld trade severely damaged

Much of Much of the world the world

looked looked pretty pretty bleak.bleak.

Many European economies in shamblesMany European economies in shamblesEuropean Colonial empires crumblingEuropean Colonial empires crumblingGrowing nationalist movements in Africa Growing nationalist movements in Africa and Asiaand Asia U.S. the major industrial and atomic U.S. the major industrial and atomic powerpower

The world entered a new The world entered a new era.era.

Cold War policies developed:Cold War policies developed: The Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe The Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe and part of Germany.and part of Germany.The U.S. moves to encircle the Soviet Union The U.S. moves to encircle the Soviet Union with a system of alliances and military aid. with a system of alliances and military aid. U.S. offers Marshal plan to rebuild Europe U.S. offers Marshal plan to rebuild Europe and gives $13 billion in aid.and gives $13 billion in aid.The U.S. adopted a policy of “Containment” The U.S. adopted a policy of “Containment” of the Soviet Union with military bases around of the Soviet Union with military bases around the world. the world. An “Iron Curtain” of tense relations An “Iron Curtain” of tense relations separated the Western allies from the U.S.S.R. separated the Western allies from the U.S.S.R. and its allies.and its allies.

The World became divided into The World became divided into two hostile camps: The U.S.S.R. two hostile camps: The U.S.S.R. and the U.S.and the U.S.

Joseph StalinJoseph StalinPres. Harry Pres. Harry TrumanTruman

1946-1946-6060

During the Cold During the Cold War, the U.S.S.R War, the U.S.S.R and the U.S. and the U.S. followed a policy followed a policy of Mutual Assured of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)Destruction (MAD)..

The U.S. and U.S.S.R The U.S. and U.S.S.R had enough nuclear had enough nuclear bombs to destroy the bombs to destroy the world about 400 world about 400 times. times.

I guess I guess it made it made sense at sense at

the the time.time.

Mutual Assured Destruction is Mutual Assured Destruction is a military deterrence strategy a military deterrence strategy in which a full scale use of in which a full scale use of nuclear weapons by one of the nuclear weapons by one of the opposing powers would result opposing powers would result in the destruction of both. in the destruction of both.

1950-53 - A divided 1950-53 - A divided Korea led to war, Korea led to war, separated family separated family members, and cost a members, and cost a million lives, million lives, including 48,000 including 48,000 Americans. Americans.

1963-1972 - Three 1963-1972 - Three million people died million people died in the Vietnam War, in the Vietnam War, including 58,000 including 58,000 Americans.Americans.

The Cold War was very costly The Cold War was very costly in lives.in lives.

The forty years of the Cold War were The forty years of the Cold War were costly in resources.costly in resources.

A trillion dollars is enough to give each A trillion dollars is enough to give each family in the U.S. $100,000.family in the U.S. $100,000.

We spent 5.5 We spent 5.5 trillion dollars on trillion dollars on nuclear arms, and nuclear arms, and

we won!we won!

We spent 3.5 trillion, We spent 3.5 trillion, and for what?and for what?

How much How much is a trillion is a trillion

dollars?dollars?

George H.W. BushGeorge H.W. Bush Michail GorbachevMichail Gorbachev

During the cold war many former During the cold war many former colonized peoples created new colonized peoples created new nations. nations. India gained independence from India gained independence from

Britain in 1947.Britain in 1947. Indonesia gained independence Indonesia gained independence from the Dutch in 1949.from the Dutch in 1949. Ghana gained independence from Ghana gained independence from Great Britain in 1957.Great Britain in 1957. By 1965 most former European By 1965 most former European colonies had become newly created colonies had become newly created independent nation-statesindependent nation-states..

. .

The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. competed for the loyalties of these competed for the loyalties of these new nations. new nations.

In 1989, the Berlin Wall came down and the Cold In 1989, the Berlin Wall came down and the Cold War ended. Eastern European countries broke War ended. Eastern European countries broke away from Soviet control. The Soviet Union itself away from Soviet control. The Soviet Union itself broke into more than a dozen new states.broke into more than a dozen new states.

The Berlin Wall was The Berlin Wall was built in August 1961built in August 1961

The Wall was The Wall was destroyed destroyed on November 9, on November 9, 19891989

Several of the new nations Several of the new nations pursued a non-aligned policypursued a non-aligned policy. .

• In 1955 India, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia In 1955 India, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia sponsored the Bandung Conference of Non-sponsored the Bandung Conference of Non-Aligned nations. It aimed to promote Aligned nations. It aimed to promote solidarity among newly independent states solidarity among newly independent states and to prevent the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. and to prevent the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. from meddling in their domestic affairs. from meddling in their domestic affairs.

• Nehru and Sukarno led the meeting.Nehru and Sukarno led the meeting.

SukarnoSukarnoof of IndonesiaIndonesia

Nehru of IndiaNehru of India

Colonialism left new nations “Underdeveloped.”

This table shows how shares of world Gross Domestic Product changed between 1870 and 1998.

DateDate IndiaIndia ChinaChina AfricaAfrica JapanJapan Western Western Europe and Europe and U.S.U.S.

18701870 12.212.2 17.217.2 3.63.6 2.32.3 42.542.5

19131913 7.67.6 8.98.9 2.72.7 2.62.6 52.652.6

19501950 4.24.2 4.54.5 3.63.6 3.03.0 53.653.6

19731973 3.13.1 4.64.6 3.33.3 7.77.7 47.747.7

19981998 5.05.0 11.511.5 3.13.1 7.77.7 42.542.5

What might we learn from this table about What might we learn from this table about patterns of economic development in the world?patterns of economic development in the world?