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8/18/2019 Time USA – 11 April 2016
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A P R I L 11 , 2 016
t i m e . c o m
P RNWhy young
men whogrew up with
Internet pornare becomingadvocates forturning it off
By Belinda Luscombe
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At Home Above the World
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8/18/2019 Time USA – 11 April 2016
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“I used to work as a farmer, livingand eating off the sweat of my brow.
I had confidence that my childrenwere safe.” - ZIAD
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Please recycle thismagazine and removeinserts or samplesbefore recycling
Back Issues Contact us at [email protected] orcall 1-800-274-6800. Reprints and Permissions Informationis available at time.com/reprints. To request custom reprints,visit timereprints.com. Advertising For advertising rates andour editorial calendar, visit timemediakit.com. SyndicationFor international licensing and syndication requests, [email protected] or call 1-212-522-5868.
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TALK TO US
What you said about ...
CANCER AND IMMUNOTHERAPY
Alice Park’s April 4 cover story on thegrowing promise of immunotherapyfor treating cancer—and the challengesof its limitedavailability—“made me real-
ize how fortunate I am,” wrote Bar-bara Jo Sieber of Bradenton, Fla.,who is currently involved in a trialfor such a treatment. But RogerStone of Kirkland, Wash., under-
scored the point that enrolling in aclinical trial, while a way to obtainnew therapies, can be heartbreak-ing too, as patients can be suddenlyremoved from a trial if they no lon-ger fit the study parameters. “[Patients in a trial] are a thing, astatistic to the drug company and the study doctors,” he wrote.“I know there are doctors that do care . . . But this is wrong.”
‘You never knowhow importantscientificresearch isuntil your lifedepends on it.’
RACH GEE,on Facebook
ConversationConversation
Subscribe to TIME’s freepolitics newsletter andget exclusive news andinsights from the 2016campaign sent straight to
your inbox. For more, visittime.com/email
BONUS
TIME
POLITICS
Back in TIMEApril 5, 1976
THE PORNO PLAGUEThis week’s cover story recalls its fore-bear of exactly 40 years ago. Read thewhole issue at time.com/vault
THE NEWS Court rulings made it harderto get obscenity convictions in the U.S.,
spurring a boom in explicit media.
THE QUESTION How would the “Age of Porn” change a once Puritan nation?
WHAT WE GOT RIGHT Porn did, as wepredicted, become commonplace.
WHAT WE GOT WRONG But the desire toprevent the U.S. from turning into “theworld portrayed in A Clockwork Orange”did not create a new vogue for censor-ship. Quite the opposite, in fact ...
NOW ON TIME.COM Actors Ethan Hawke and Tom Hiddleston recently satdown in TIME’s studio to discuss a new challenge they’ve both taken on: playingmusical icons. As Chet Baker in Born to Be Blue and Hank Williams in I Saw theLight, respectively, Hawke and Hiddleston are tasked with doing justice to theircharacters as well as to the songs those musical luminaries made famous. In anew video, the two reveal the work that goes into elevating a performance fromimitation to interpretation—and they sing some duets for good measure. Watchat time.com/music-biopics
Hawke as jazzicon Baker
3
HAWK
E:IFC
FILMS
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SOURCES: MSNBC; NEW YORK TIMES; REUTERS
For the Record
‘Our values have been hijacked.’JENNIFER ROBERTS, mayor of Charlotte, after North Carolina enacted a law that
blocks local LGBT antidiscrimination ordinances; Rober ts argued that the law, one of severalsimilar proposals advancing across the country, will hurt the city financial ly
‘THERE ISNO BIDEN
RULE. ITDOESN’TEXIST.’
VICE PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN, rejectingRepublican claims that a speech he gave
in 1992 set a precedent for the GOP’srefusal to consider President Obama’s
nominee for the Supreme Court
13
THE REV. IRA ACREE, Chicagopastor, lamenting an 84%
increase in the city’s homiciderate since last year and looking
ahead warily to the typically more violent summer months
Length infeet (4 m)
of a python
left at a Los
Angeles sushi
restaurant,
allegedly by
a disgruntled
customer
‘Palmyra has been liberated.’
MAMOUN ABDELKARIM, Syria’s director of antiquities, after Syrian military forcesrouted ISIS from the ancient city; ISISmilitants ransacked historical sites anddestroyed artifacts during the 10 monthsthey occupied the city, a UNESCO WorldHeritage Site
Batman v
Superman
The superheroflick soared to the
sixth best box-office opening
ever
10billion
Number of timespeople have viewed
Justin Bieber’s music
videos on Vevo, settinga record for the site
‘Donald Trump
may be a rat, but Ihave no desire tocopulatewith him.’TED CRUZ,GOP presidential candidate,blasting Trump by somewhat bizarrely alluding to an unprintable politicalslang term for dirty tricks; Cruz
blamed his rival for a “garbage”National Enquirer story allegingCruz had extramarital affairs
GOOD WEEK
BAD WEEK
Batman v
Superman
The movie waswidely panned by
critics acrossthe U.S.
Number of eggs usedto make a giantomelette in the French
town of Bessières
C R U Z : G E T T Y
I MA G E S ; A C R E E :
R E D U X ; B I D E N : A P ; A B D E L K A R I M: R E U T E R S ; B A T MA N
V
S U P E R MA
N : WA R N E R
B R O S . ; I L L U S T R A T I O N S
B Y
B R O WN
B I R D
D E S I G N
F O R
T I ME
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5
TERROR
Losing in battle, ISISgains by
attacking the‘gray zone’ of the WestBy Karl Vick
A Syrian soldier holds a captured ISIS flag after government troops retook the city of Palmyra
ISIS? That depends on which war youhave in mind. There are at least two.
The war being fought in Iraq andSyria is the most visible and latelythe one going badly for ISIS. Newlyarrived U.S. Special Forces teams
are picking off the group’s leaders—most recently its No. 2 in an air strikecalled in on March 25. In addition tocommanders, the extremists are alsolosing ground. The ancient city of Palmyra fell on March 27 to the forcesof Syrian President Bashar Assadand Russia. Shaddadi, a strategictown near the border with Iraq, fellin February to U.S.-backed rebels.ISIS lost the Iraqi provincial capitalsof Ramadi and Tikrit over the pastyear, while Syrian Kurds took much
of the country’s north and are dug
in near the ISIS capital of Raqqa.All told, ISIS has lost 30% of the
land it held at its 2014 peak. Most of it may be desert waste, but that’s nodifferent than it was when ISIS wason a roll and declared a new caliph-ate ostensibly for the world’s 1.3 bil-
lion Sunni Muslims. That declarationproved a recruiting boon, drawingtens of thousands of foreigners to liveand fight in the name of not just anideology but a place. Now as the ter-ritory of the Islamic State shrinks,will its appeal diminish as well? Thatremains to be seen—as does the out-come of the other war ISIS is waging,one fought through terrorism.
That war is going far better for theextremists, largely because gains aremeasured not in square miles and bat-
tle lines but in fear and politics. Days
‘HE WAS, QUITE SIMPLY, THE MOST FASCINATINGAND MOST FASCINATEDPERSON I HAVE EVER MET.’ PAGE 11
S P U T N I K
/ A P
PHOTOGRAPH BY MIKHAIL VOSKRESENSKIY
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6 April 11, 2016
LABOR
In a victory for thelabor movement,the U.S. SupremeCourt came to a
4-4 tie in a case onpublic-sector unionfees, leaving intacta lower-court rulingthat nonmembers
can be asked to covercontract-negotiation
costs.
SANCTIONS
North Koreans havebeen told to bracefor possible famine
and economichardship, according
to an editorial in statemedia. The article
comes weeks after theU.N. voted for toughersanctions against the
country, which hasbeen testing powerful
weapons.
CRIME
An EgyptAir flight fromAlexandria to Cairowas hijacked anddiverted to Cypruson March 29. All
aboard were releasedwithout harm after the
suspected hijackersurrendered. He was
reportedly motivated by a feud with his ex-wife.
TRENDING
TheBrief
after 32 people were killed in Brussels,ISIS’s attacks remained the world’s topnews story; imagine if the plotters hadmanaged to penetrate the nuclear facil-
ity that authorities fear was their originalobjective. As it is, the attacks have gener-ated widespread alarm—not only aboutISIS but about any Muslim, anywhere.
That’s precisely what ISIS intends,according to ISIS itself. In online proc-lamations and in its magazine, Dabiq,the group asserts that terrorist strikes onthe West are only partly meant to pun-ish countries arrayed against it militarily.In a more strategic sense, the attacks arealso intended to “destroy the gray zone.”Gray zone turns out to be ISIS’s term for
any society in which Muslims and non-Muslims coexist.
It sounds simple because it is. ISISsees the world as black and white andabhors the middle ground where every-day life is lived. French journalist Nico-las Hénin, who spent 10 months as anISIS hostage, wrote that when Germanyopened its doors to Syrian refugees, ji-hadis were flummoxed. Their responsewas a videotape urging refugees to turnaround and head for the Islamic State.
But recent events have given the
extremists hope, according to analysts.ISIS has declared its worldviewvindicated by the rising electoralprospects of anti-Islam parties in Europe.And in the U.S., leading Republicanpresidential candidates have joinedin attacking the gray zone. It wasafter the terrorist attacks in Paris andSan Bernardino, Calif., that DonaldTrump proposed “a total and complete
shutdown” of U.S. borders to Muslims.Following Brussels, Ted Cruz called forpolice patrols of Muslim neighborhoods.
“I think it’s a winning strategy for
ISIS so far,” says Faysal Itani, a fellowat the Atlantic Council, a Washingtonthink tank. “At a pretty low cost, they’vebeen able to achieve what no other ter-rorist group has done, even Osamabin Laden and al-Qaeda, who killed3,000 innocents in one day. We are nowat a point where anti-Muslim sentimentis part of mainstream political discoursein the West.”
The strategy is not without hazards.If ISIS becomes better known for terror-ist attacks than for its self-proclaimed
caliphate, it risks looking like just an-other jihadi group. On the other hand,over-the-top reaction to Paris and Brus-sels demonstrates how well terrorismcan work—if people let it. “The thingthat a weak force does is try to act big-ger than it is,” notes Harleen Gambhir, ananalyst at the Institute for the Study of War. “There are ways to conceive of ISISand to respond to ISIS that play into theimage that ISIS is trying to project.”
As she speaks from her Washington of-fice, the “breaking news” banner on CNN
reads, : . Gambhir sighs. ISIS re-mains formidable, she says, both in Syria,where its retreats have been orderly, andin chaotic Libya, where an affiliate hasgained ground. But in the West, she says,the picture is very different.
A post-Brussels study by the NewAmerica Foundation rated the dangerof terrorist strikes by the very few ISISfighters who have returned to the U.S.from Syria as “low” and “manageable.”But there is reality, and there is fear.
Gambhir cautions that ISIS still couldend up dictating terms in the U.S., if only by dint of the power Americanschoose to give it.
“It becomes an existential threatwhen we begin changing our patternsof living, or overreacting,” Gambhirsays. “Then ISIS no longer just claimsto have power—it actually has power,because it’s shaping the actions of itsopponents.”
So perhaps there’s a third war, thisone fought between understandable
emotion and calm reason. And that warmay be the hardest to win. □
JORDAN
SYRIA
IRAQ
No change
ISIS TERRITORYJanuary 2015 to March 14, 2016
SOURCE: IHS CONFLICT MONITOR
Homs
Aleppo
Mosul
LEB.
Med.
Sea
Baghdad
Gains Losses
TURKEY
Raqqa
Deirez-Zor
Damascus
S A N C T I O N S ,L A B O R : A P ; C R I ME : R E U T E R S ; P O S T M O R T E M ,D I G I T S : G E T T Y
I MA G E S
( 5 )
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7
RIGHTWING RESISTANCE Serbian ultranationalists protest the E.U. and NATO at a rally in Belgrade on March 24,
the 17th anniversary of the military alliance’s bombing of Serbia. Far-right leader Vojislav Seselj addressed the crowd to
praise Radovan Karadzic, the former Bosnian Serb leader sentenced that day to 40 years in prison by a U.N. war-crimes
court for atrocities committed during Bosnia’s 1992–95 war. Photograph by Marko Djurica—Reuters
POSTMORTEM
Burgled body partsAlas, poor William: researchers in the U.K. who analyzed Shakespeare’s grave withradar imaging said March 23 his skull was likely stolen more than 200 years ago.The playwright joins other noted victims of graveyard robbery. —Julia Zorthian
ST. NICHOLASSailors stole
the remains of St. Nicholas
(whom you mightknow as SantaClaus) in 1087
from what is nowTurkey and took
them to Bari, Italy,where they are
today. The bonesare said to emita healing balm
called manna.
JOSEPH HAYDNAfter the
composer diedin 1809, two
admirers bribeda grave digger
to give them hisskull so they
could check for a“bump of music”that might explainhis genius. The
cranium was only returned to his
tomb in 1954.
GALILEO GALILEISupporters tookthree fingers anda tooth from theastronomer’sgrave in 1737,some 95 yearsafter his death.The fingers wenttheir separate
ways until 2010,when they were
reunited fordisplay in a
Florence museum.
ALBERTEINSTEIN
The physicistleft behind
instructions tocremate his body,but when he diedin 1955 a doctorgave his eyeballs
to Einstein’sophthalmologist,who saved themin a jar that’s now
kept in a safe-
deposit box.
12,000Number of timesparamedics performed
first aid during a March 27marathon run by 20,000
people in Qingyuan, China;
long-distance running hasbecome a fad in China, but
athletes and organizersare often woefully
inexperienced
DIGITS
WATER OF THEWORLD
A report fromnonprofit
WaterAid showswhat share of
people in variouscountries haveaccess to safewater sources.
Here’s a sample:
84.7%
DominicanRepublic
49%
Angola
94.1%
India
99.2%
U.S.
100%
Qatar
DATA
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8 April 11, 2016
The Brief Politics
,Donald Trump regards women as a mea-sure of success. He’s married to a formermodel, frequently recounts his historyof romantic conquests and turned a re-cent presidential forum into a referen-dum on penis size. But whatever prow-ess he may have elsewhere, Trump hasproblems with women in the polls.
So much so that female voters are be-coming an impediment to his shot at the
White House. Trump’s divisive appealhas won over disaffected white malevoters, who have carried him to plurali-ties in the crowded GOP primaries. Buthis swaggering style and oddball, of-fensive remarks have made him toxicto the women who swing general elec-tions. Nearly three-quarters of womenin a March 24 CNN poll said they had anunfavorable view of Trump. In a recentNBC/Wall Street Journal poll, nearlyhalf of Republican women surveyed saidthey couldn’t imagine voting for the
GOP front runner.Trump’s dismal standing with
women is the single biggest reasonstrategists in both parties predict hisnomination would make Hillary Clin-ton the 45th U.S. President. Womenhave cast more votes than men in everygeneral election since 1964 and votedat higher rates than men in every racesince 1980. It’s very difficult for a can-didate to win a general election if he’sunderwater with the nation’s largest andmost reliable voting bloc.
Republicans know from experience.They’ve lost women in every presiden-tial race since 1988—a stretch duringwhich they’ve carried the popular voteexactly once, in 2004. In 2012, BarackObama won women by double digitsafter his allies painted Mitt Romney’spositions on abortion, contraceptionand the economy as part of a GOP “waron women.”
Trump is an easier target. In recentdays alone, he has insulted the appear-ance of Senator Ted Cruz’s wife and
questioned the integrity of a femalereporter who pressed battery charges
DEMOGRAPHY
Why Trump islosing America’s
largest voting bloc
‘HOW DO YOU
KNOW THOSEBRUISES
WEREN’T THERE
BEFORE?’
ON THE RECORD
Trump’s past statements about women offer plenty of fodder
for Democratic opposition researchers
‘SHE’S NOT
GIVING ME 100%.
SHE’S GIVING ME
84%, AND 16% IS
GOING TOWARD
TAKING CARE OF
CHILDREN.’
‘If [she] weren’t my daughter,
perhaps I’d
be dating her.’
‘IT DOESN’T
REALLY MATTER
WHAT [THE MEDIA]
WRITE AS LONG AS
YOU’VE GOT A YOUNG
AND BEAUTIFUL
PIECE OF ASS.’
‘LOOK AT
THAT FACE.
WOULD
ANYONE VOTE
FOR THAT?’
ON IVANKA TRUMP,
IN 2006
ON HIS PUBLIC PERCEPTION,
IN 1991
ON HIRING
WORKING MOMS,
IN 2011
ON CARLY FIORINA,
IN 2015
ON JOURNALIST
MICHELE FIELDS,
WHO CLAIMS
SHE WAS
ASSAULTED BY
HIS CAMPAIGN
MANAGER AT
A RALLY,
IN 2016
against his own campaign manager.Over the course of the campaign, he hascalled former GOP rival Carly Fiorinaugly and repeatedly attacked Fox Newsanchor Megyn Kelly. On March 30 hesaid women who have illegal abortionsshould face “some form of punishment.”If Trump wins the Republican nomina-tion, “he’ll become a poster child for mi-sogyny,” predicts Katie Packer, a formerRomney strategist.
To recover, Trump will argue thathe has hired “thousands” of women in
his businesses, and he could opt to dis-patch his daughter Ivanka to more publicevents. “Expect to see him deploy morefemale surrogates to make his case withwomen voters,” says Michele Swers, apolitical-science professor at George-town University. Otherwise, says Jen-nifer Lawless of American University’sWomen & Politics Institute, it’s “virtu-ally impossible to envision any scenariowhereby 50% of female voters would cast
their ballots for him.” — -
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9
▷GOP leading alternative
Cruz speaks March 19 inProvo, Utah
HOT ON THE
TRAIL
CAMPAIGN 2016 STRATEGY
Will the GOP tryto lose with Cruz?
Mitt Romney criticized him as “wayover the line,” Jeb Bush blasted himfor flip-flopping on immigration,and Carly Fiorina smeared him forsaying “whatever he needs to say toget elected.” Now all three onetimecritics have embraced Texas Sena-tor Ted Cruz in a last-ditch effortto stop Donald Trump. And it’s notnecessarily because they think hecan win.
With Trump inching up in the
delegate race on the path to thenomination, the notional leaders of the Grand Old Party have been fac-ing a Hobson’s choice: whether torally behind the front runner or tryto stop him in his tracks, an optionthat could alienate Trump’s support-ers and risk permanently splittingthe party.
Still, with each week, moreprominent Republicans are castingtheir lots with Cruz, hoping that atumultuous convention will produce
another nominee. One senior Re-publican operative, who is workingfor Cruz but doesn’t believe he canwin, explains his decision. “Let’sgive the king of the Tea Party thenomination and get behind him, andpray that breaks the fever,” the op-erative tells TIME.
The growing #NeverTrumpmovement includes governors,Senators, top donors, politicalstrategists and grassroots activ-ists scrambling to extricate the
party from what increasinglyappears to be a no-win situation.It is a disorganized effort with noformal leader or script. Its mem-bers do what they want, speakingout on television and in news-paper columns, running tens of millions of dollars’ worth of last-ditch negative ads and generallywringing their hands. They havealso begun to attack those whoare siding with the Manhattandeveloper: Our Principles PAC, a
GOP super PAC opposing Trump,has criticized Republicans like
New Jersey Governor Chris Christiewho have lined up behind him.
Even if the stop-Trump crowdsucceeds, there is the complicated
matter of who might take his placeon the ballot. Cruz, the leading alter-native, is disliked nearly as much asTrump by moderate Republicans andindependent voters and trails bothClinton and Senator Bernie Sand-ers in head-to-head polls. The onlyremaining candidate who appearsto have a chance of beating Clinton,according to recent polling, is OhioGovernor John Kasich, who has wononly his home state and whose pathto the nomination would take mul-
tiple ballots at the Cleveland con-vention in the best of circumstances.Even then, his delegate count leaveshim long odds. More unlikely stillwould be the emergence of a whiteknight to rescue the party at theconvention.
So for now, the smart anti-Trumpmoney seems to be on Cruz. EvenSouth Carolina Senator LindseyGraham, who once mused thathaving to choose between Trumpand Cruz would be like deciding
between being shot and beingpoisoned, has come around on theTexas Senator. “You might find anantidote to the poisoning—I don’tknow, but maybe there’s time,” hequipped on The Daily Show. Hedidn’t sound confident.
— .
No, for now
John Kasich, who has no viablepath to the presidential
nomination unlessthere’s a contestedconvention, swears
he’s not interested in
being anyone else’sVP. But he pretty muchhas to say that.
All over but the shouting
Clinton and Sandersstruck a tentative deal
for a last debate beforethe April 19 NewYorkprimary. Trump says
he’s sick of debates.Cruz wants a one-on-one
with Trump, and Kasich just wantsyou to remember he’s running.
Dems eye Trump card
The Republicans’ messy implosion puts atleast six GOP-heldSenate seats—and the party’snarrow, four-seatmajority—on thinice. Dems zero
in on Illinois, NewHampshire and Ohio.
Let’s get a show of hands
Bernie Sanders won big out Westin March, but Hillary Clinton still dominatesthe all-important
delegate count. Hisonly path now is towoo superdelegates—astrategy his team oncedecried as undemocratic.
With the parties’ conventions just
3½ months away, the race for the
White House is all about threats,
feints, fallout and trying to get
a word in edgewise
I V A N K A , D O N A L D : R E U T E R S ; F I O R I N A , C R U Z : A P ; F I E L D S : R E D U X ; S A N
D E R S , K A S I C H , M C C O N N E L L , C L I N T O N : G E T T Y
I M A G E S
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TheBrief
THE RISK REPORT
Debunking Trump’sforeign policyBy Ian Bremmer
, I’ll be very cognizant of that, but at the sametime, our country is disintegrating.” So saysDonald Trump, who wants to “make Americagreat again” by refocusing U.S. foreign policyto rebuild American strength from within.This idea comes not from a civil libertarian’srespect for the Constitution but from histrademark exhibitionist belligerence. Trumpis less Thomas Jefferson than George Jeffer-son, moving on up to win his party’s presi-
dential nomination.He’s not an isolationist. Trump has floated
the use of U.S. troops in Syria and pledged totorture suspected terrorists and “knock thehell out of ISIS,” maybe with nuclear weap-ons. Trump sees most U.S. allies as weak atbest and free riders at worst. He doesn’t wantto scrap NATO—he just thinks allies shouldpay more of its bills. His go-it-alone approachis in some ways an extension of Bush-era neo-conservatism and the Obama Administration’sextensive use of drones and sanctions.
For all his bluster, Trump has raised ques-
tions that speak directly to the anxieties of many Americans, and the Washington foreignpolicy establishment would do well to engagehim. Why does Washington allow Germanyand Japan, two of the world’s wealthiest na-tions, to outsource their security to the U.S.?
Do ordinary Americans really benefit fromglobalization? Doesn’t the trade deficit provethat others take us for suckers? Trump as-sumes these questions don’t have good an-
swers. He’s wrong, but Americans deserve toknow why he’s wrong—in detail.
Trump has embraced an “America first” for-eign policy, but that won’t make America greatagain. This country’s exceptionalism is notbased just on its military and wealth, as Trumpwould have it. The U.S. remains a nation—
and an idea—worthemulating. It has seta standard of free-dom and opportunityagainst which peopleeverywhere measure
their own govern-ments. The U.S. ideaof citizenship is based
on allegiance rather than tribe, drawing peoplefrom around the world. These are the choicesand values that make America great.
But what if the America that others emu-late becomes Trump’s small-minded, self-interested version? What would that meanfor the future of Europe’s union or efforts tocontain wildfires in the Middle East or co-ordinate foreign and trade policy in Africaand Latin America? Can Americans remain
safe in a volatile world on their own?Trump lives in a zero-sum world in which
China’s leaders “have drained so muchmoney out of our country that they’ve rebuiltChina.” He divides the world into winnersand losers, good and evil, workers and free-
loaders, us and them.That’s hardly an ex-ceptional idea.
But it’s not enoughto dismiss Trumpand his foreign policyviews. The questions
he raises and the re-sentments they en-gender must be an-swered, clearly andconfidently, or theywill fester. And that’sa risk that the U.S.and the world justcan’t afford. □
HEALTH
Annual per capitaconsumption of sodain the U.S. fell to a
30-year low in 2015,
according to newindustry data, with
sales dropping for the11th straight year.
Even diet-soda saleswere flat, as concernsgrow about the health
impact of artificialsweeteners.
POLITICS
Brazil’s largest politicalparty said it wouldwithdraw from the
coalition government,leaving President
Dilma Rousseff andher Workers’ Party iso-lated. The Democratic
Movement Party’sdecision will make it
harder for Rousseff toavoid impeachment
proceedings.
ENVIRONMENT
The U.S. GeologicalSurvey’s new
earthquake-hazardmap shows that partsof Oklahoma are now
as seismic as partsof California, when
man-made quakes arefactored in. Oklahomasaw 907 temblors of over 3.0 magnitude
last year, thanks mostly to oil and gas drilling.
TRENDING
An ‘Americafirst’approachwon’t make
Americagreat again
POL IT ICS , HEALTH, ENV IRONMENT: GETTY IMAGES; TRUMP: YUR I CORTEZ—AFP/GETTY IMAGES; SHANDLING: ALAN S INGER—NBC/GETTY IMAGES; HARRISON: POLAR IS
◁ An effigy of Trump is
set on fire in MexicoCity on March 26
8/18/2019 Time USA – 11 April 2016
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11
Milestones
DIED
Garry ShandlingSensei of ‘true’ comedy
By Jeffrey Tambor
.He would urge me to keep it simple. So here goes:There was a time before I met Garry, when I waswatching It’s Garry Shandling’s Show , he lookedstraight into the camera and said, “O.K., they’re
gonna play my theme song and I’m going to thebathroom. I’ll be right back.” I remember think-ing, What the hell is that? Whatever it is, that’s whatcomedy really is. Garry was all about being alive andin the moment. He asked you to bring everythingabout your day into the work, to go beyond thelaugh to reveal character and humanity. I once sawhis script for The Larry Sanders Show—it looked likeColeridge’s marginalia. Garry got deeply involvedin other people’s lives, for no other purpose than tohelp. He was a teacher—I can’t stress that enough. Iam and will be forever grateful.
Tambor is the Emmy-winning star of Transparent. He appeared in
Shandling’s The Larry Sanders Show for six seasons.
DIED
Mother Mary Angelica,92, nun who foundedthe 24-hour Catholic TVstation Eternal WordTelevision Network(EWTN), one of the world’slargest religious mediaoutlets. TIME describedher as “arguably the mostinfluential Roman Catholicwoman in America” in a1995 profile.
PERFORMED
The first successful kidneyand liver transplants in theU.S. from an HIV-positivedonor to HIV-positiverecipients. The surgeriesat Johns Hopkins followedsimilar procedures inSouth Africa.
CONVICTED
By a U.N. tribunal at theHague, former BosnianSerb leader RadovanKaradzic, for genocide,war crimes and crimesagainst humanity inSrebrenica and Sarajevo inthe 1990s. Karadzic, 70,was sentenced to 40 yearsin prison.
REACHED
A tentative deal tomake California the firststate with a $15 hourlyminimum wage. Theincrease would takeeffect over six years andmark a turning point inthe campaign for a higherminimum wage acrossthe country.
AWARDED
The 2016 Library of Congress Prize forAmerican Fiction, toMarilynne Robinson,whose novel Gilead wonthe 2005 Pulitzer Prize.
DENIED
By the U.S. SupremeCourt, former Illinoisgovernor RodBlagojevich’s appeal of his 2011 conviction fortrying to sell the U.S.Senate seat vacated by Barack Obama.
DIED
Jim HarrisonLegends of the Fallauthor By Mario Batali
bible. I had read almost every-thing he wrote even before I methim almost 20 years ago. His writ-ing captures the very whisper of the wind, the delicate movementof the birch in the morning rain,the screeching cry of the lonely
loon over the dark lake. When Iread his prose I am with him on along walk in the brambles behindhis home, thinking about lunchand paying careful attention tothe truth of our sweet planet.
He published The Road Home,his 1998 novel that brought backhis famous character Dalva andher Nebraska family, at aroundthe same time I opened Babbo.He left a copy for me at therestaurant, even though we’d
never met. After that, we becameforever friends.
We met up two or three timesa year in New York City or on theroad. There was a big dinner forhim at Del Posto when he was in-ducted into the Academy of Artsand Letters. There were huntingtrips, and there were gourmet andgastronomic delights. His enthu-siasm never tired. He was, quitesimply, the most fascinating—and most fascinated—person
I have ever met.Batali is a chef and restaurateur
Shandling died March 24 at 66
Harrisondied March 26at 78
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12 April 11, 2016
Win
Loss
OT
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879
8180
82
GAMENUMBER
SEASON START
WARRIORSBULLS
WARRIORSBULLS
Longest winning
streak
18
Longest winning streak
24
ANDREWBOGUT, center 7.0 REBOUNDS /GAME
DRAYMONDGREEN, forward7.5 ASSISTS/GAME
HARRISONBARNES, forward4.8 REBOUNDS/GAME
KLAY THOMPSON, guard22.6 POINTS/GAME
LUCLONGLEY, center
5.1 REBOUNDS/GAME
DENNIS
RODMAN, forward14.9 REBOUNDS/GAME
RON HARPER, guard1.3 STEALS/GAME
SCOTTIEPIPPEN, forward
19.4 POINTS/GAME
2015–16
Golden StateWarriors
1995–96
ChicagoBulls
72W 10L
30.4POINTS PER GAME(LEAGUE LEADER)
MICHAEL
JORDAN, guard
30.0POINTS PER GAME(LEAGUE LEADER)
STEPHENCURRY, guard
O F
A L L
S H O T S
T A K E
N A R E 3
- P O I N
T E R S
3 6 %
67W 7L
56%EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.
48%OPPONENTS’ EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.
EFFECTIVE FIELD-GOAL PERCENTAGEGIVES MORE WEIGHT TO 3-POINT SHOTSSOURCE: BASKETBALL-REFERENCE.COM
— TIME GRAPHIC BYLON TWEETENTEXT BY SEAN GREGORY
48%OPPONENTS’ EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.
52%EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.
4TH INLEAGUE
O F A L L S H O T S T A K E N
W E R
E 3
- P O I N
T E R S
2 0 %
105POINTS
PERGAME
93POINTS
ALLOWEDPER GAME
115POINTSPERGAME
104POINTSALLOWEDPER GAME
+11DIFFERENCE
+12DIFFERENCE
OFFENSE
DEFENSE
OFFENSE
DEFENSE
F U L L 8 2 - GAM E S E A S O
N
T H R O
U G H 7 4 G AME S, 8 R
E M A I N
I N G
6TH INLEAGUE
TIED FOR2ND INLEAGUE
1ST INLEAGUE
The Brief Sports
Michael Jordan’s Bulls squad setthe record for most wins in a sea-son en route to their first of threeconsecutive titles. They featured
the best player ever along withthe versatile Scottie Pippen and
rebounding machine DennisRodman—Hall of Famers all. And
for long-range shooting off thebench, Chicago called on Steve
Kerr, now the Warriors’ coach.In a dream matchup betweenthe NBA’s greatest teams, how
would Kerr stop himself?
Stephen Curry and his merry bandhave blitzed through the NBA this
season, shattering records andthreatening the Bulls’ season-winsmark. So who would come out on
top? The Bulls were lockdowndefenders, but Curry has provenhe can rainbow threes over any-one—a key skill in a league thatincreasingly relies on perimeter
shooting. The Warriors play fasterand flashier than the Bulls, andthey’re even more fun to watch.Advantage: Warriors. In seven.
And the greatestNBA team of alltime is . . .
G E T T Y
I MA G E S
( 1 0 )
8/18/2019 Time USA – 11 April 2016
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16 April 11, 2016
LightBox
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17
▶ For more of our best photography,visit lightbox.time.com
On March 28, women try to comfort amother who lost her son in the bombattack in Lahore, Pakistan
PHOTOGRAPH BY K. M. CHAUDARY—AP
LAHORE
A bloody EasterSunday brings
Pakistan’s terrorthreat home
Pakistan’s second largest city, Lahore,Easter Sunday was supposed to bespecial. After attending church ser-vices, families gathered in the vastGulshan-e-Iqbal park. Then the sui-cide bomber struck, having made hisway to a nearby children’s swing set.
At least 72 people were killed
and more than 300 injured in Paki-stan’s largest terrorist attack sincelate 2014, when 145 people died in amassacre at a Peshawar school. Andthough Lahore’s oppressed Christiancommunity was the target, most of those killed were Muslim. That didn’tconcern the militant Islamist group Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, a vicious offshoot of the Pakistani Taliban, which claimedresponsibility. A spokesperson for thegroup, which sees all non-Muslimsas potential targets, said the bomb
was calculated to show that it still re-tained the ability to strike deep intoPakistan’sheartland—particularlyLahore, the political base of PrimeMinister Nawaz Sharif.
For terrorist groups like Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, which has cells throughoutthe province around Lahore, attackslike the Easter Sunday bombingare far easier to mount than strikesagainst the troops fighting mili-tants in Pakistan’s tribal areas. Theyare aware that Pakistan’s Christian
community enjoys little protection.“This is the softest of soft targets,”says Ali Dayan Hasan, the formerPakistan director for Human RightsWatch. And the death toll, tragically,showed it. —
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The bandana that covered her head The family that stood by her side
The sport thatkept her active
The show that made her a star
The razor that took her hair
The letters that gave her hope
PICK UP A COPY IN STORES OR SUBSCRIBE AT PEOPLE.COM
8/18/2019 Time USA – 11 April 2016
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19
Since mobilizing against an Indiana law last year, businesses have increasingly defended LGBT rights
, advocacy groups geared up to fighta religious-freedom bill in Georgia,some of the nation’s most powerfulexecutives were rallying behind thescenes. By late March, after the mea-sure passed Georgia’s legislature,
Coca-Cola, Delta Airlines, Disney andnearly 500 other companies big andsmall—as well as major sports orga-nizations like the NFL and NCAA—were warning of consequences shouldRepublican Governor Nathan Dealsign the measure. “There was sucha swelling of voices and breadth of industry,” says Atlanta city-councilmember Alex Wan. “It became impos-sible to ignore.”
When Deal did veto the bill onMarch 28, he criticized compa-
nies that “resorted to threats” like
relocating jobs or canceling confer-ences, film shoots and sporting events.But he acknowledged that “providinga business-friendly climate” was partof his calculus. And how could it notbe? After Indiana passed a similar lawlast year—which arguably provided
legal cover for individuals or busi-nesses with moral objections to denyservice to LGBT people—Indianapolislost an estimated $60 million in eco-nomic activity and was pilloried bybusinesses from Apple to NASCAR.
Spurred by a desire to attractyounger, more diverse employees andcater to a new generation of consumerswho expect brands to reflect their val-ues, corporations accustomed to lobby-ing quietly are increasingly taking pub-lic stances on social and political issues
they wouldn’t have touched in the past.
‘THINGS ARE AN INEXTRICABLE PART OF WHAT MAKES US HUMAN.’ PAGE 20
NATION
Why morecompaniesare coming
out of thepoliticalclosetBy Katy Steinmetz
I L L U S T R
A T I O N B
Y
M
A R T I N G
E E
F O R
T I M E
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20 April 11, 2016
The View
“That traditionally has not been part of business,”says Salesforce CEO Mark Benioff, who heads acloud computing company with 20,000 employees.But, he adds, it is part of “the new reality.”
In this new reality, Facebook CEO MarkZuckerberg not only forms an advocacy groupto change immigration laws but also announcesthat his new daughter has been vaccinated. Targetpublicizes its move toward gender-neutral toys.And Cheerios, after sparking racist backlash forfeaturing an interracial family in a commercial,doubles down by using the same family in anotherad. “You expect businesses to be speaking out ontaxes and regulations,” says political strategistDoug Hattaway, a former aide to Al Gore and Hill-ary Clinton. “But more and more businesses thesedays are values-driven, not just profit-driven.”
The rationale is not all selfless: those valuescan help drive profits. In a global survey of some10,000 adults by Havas Worldwide, 68% of the re-spondents said they believe that businesses bearas much responsibility as governments for drivingpositive social change. People want to buy thingsfrom companies whose values they share, andmany young employees feel the same way aboutthe places they choose to work. “There is this pres-sure to be relevant and share a point of view thatis bigger than ‘We sell this product,’” says RohitBhargava, a marketing lecturer at Georgetown.
With any public stance, businesses risk alienat-
ing workers, investors and consumers. But at leaston the matter of LGBT rights, the likelihood of a backlash is shrinking. Some 60% of Americanssupport same-sex marriage, double the percent-age that did in the ’90s. Employers now vie for topscores on the Human Rights Campaign’s corporateequality rankings, recognizing their value as a re-cruiting tool. In North Carolina, where RepublicanGovernor Pat McCrory signed a bill invalidatinglocal nondiscrimination protections for LGBT peo-ple less than a week before Deal rejected Georgia’smeasure, Charlotte-based Bank of America hasbeen vocal in its opposition. And in South Dakota,
Citibank and Wells Fargo were among the firmsthat pressured the Republican governor to vetoanother bill seen as anti-LGBT in early March.
Even if you agree with these stances, thegrowing displays of corporate conscience raisequestions about the role of businesses in shapingpublic policy. But barring a groundswell of wearyconsumers who decide they just want the productwithout the homily, thank you very much, don’texpect that to change anytime soon. C-suiters maynot be trained for the stump, but some of themare starting to sound an awful lot like politicians.“This is about being an American,” Benioff says of
his public stand. “This is what America is abouttoday.” □
CHARTOON
Abridged classics
VERBATIM
‘That’s what’sbeautiful
about Game of Thrones—itsdepiction ofwomen in so
many differentstages of
development.’
EMILIA CLARKE,
actor, dismissing criticswho say the hit HBO
series—which featuresmany prominent female
characters, including
hers—is antifeministbecause it portraysexcessive violence
against women
.Even in frugal Germany, the averageperson owns 10,000 objects, and as awhole, our trash has clogged the oceans’surfaces with 18,000 pieces of plasticper square kilometer. But in his newbook, Empire of Things,which chronicles thehistory of materialculture, FrankTrentmann suggestswe can’t reverse coursewithout acknowledging
how emotionallyattached we’ve becometo our possessions.Six centuries ago,the average person owned limited,utilitarian goods. Now, with the modernmarket’s cheap prices and abundance of choice, more people can (and do) makepersonal statements about their identitythrough cars, clothes and kitchenware—and they change those statements often.In this sense, “things are an inextricablepart of what makes us human,”
Trentmann writes. But to protect ourplanet—and ourselves—he concludesthat we need to better appreciate “thepleasures [that come] from a deeperand longer-lasting connection to fewerthings.” —
BOOK IN BRIEF
The real cost of ourobsession with stuff
JOHN ATK INSON, WRONG HANDS
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3
BIG IDEA
The ‘invisible’ trainMost new technology aims to stand out. Not so with these Japanese train cars, designed by architect Kazuyo Sejima to blend seamlessly into their surroundings as they zoom from Tokyoto mountainous Chichibu, among other destinations. The key: a reflective aluminum coatingmeant to help them “express a gentleness and softness” rather than the usual “sharpness” of industrial machinery, per an announcement from Seibu Railway. The company plans to debut thenew cars on trains in 2018, in honor of its 100th anniversary. —Julie Shapiro
PARENT
LIKE A
DIPLOMAT
HOW TO
Donna Gorman, amom and the author
of Am I Going to Starveto Death?: A Survival
Guide for the Foreign
Service Spouse, movesto a new country
every few years forher husband’s job
with the Departmentof State. Here’s what
she has learned about
parenting.
1
GET OFF YOUR
PEDESTAL
“As a diplomat,learning the ways of anew place, you’ll looklike a fool on a regularbasis. Your children willknow you seldom havethe right answers. I’mhoping that watchingme struggle will teach
them that it’s O.K.
not to have all theanswers in life—it’s thewillingness to search
for answers thatcounts.”
2
LEARN TO FLY SOLO
“When my husbandwas given a yearlongassignment in Iraq,I stayed in Jordanwith four kids and
tried to work full time,cook dinner and help
the kids with theirhomework. Now a
weeklong business tripmeans nothing more
than a few cheat mealsand less laundry.”
3
RECALIBRATE RISK
“The more risks wetake as a family, the
bigger the adventureswe’re going to have.”—Belinda Luscombe
▶ For more on these ideas, visit time.com/ideas
institutional cage matches in the past fewyears, Apple vs. the FBI, ended in anticlimax
March 28. The FBI had been asking for Ap-ple’s help in accessing data on an iPhone be-longing to one of the San Bernardino terror-ists. Apple had been asking the FBI to kindlyback the hell up, because it felt (with some justification) that developing a tool to getinto one iPhone would compromise the se-curity of all iPhones. The situation was sup-posed to come to a boil in court March 22 butdidn’t because the FBI announced that it wasworking with an outside firm to get into thephone without Apple’s help. The agency an-nounced that it had finally succeeded, and
nixed the suit.It’s hard to call this one for either side. The
FBI got its data, whatever it was—we still don’tknow. Apple got to stick to its principles—outlined by CEO Tim Cook in a recent TIME
cover story. Apple would’ve liked to take theissue to Congress to clarify the legal land-scape; it didn’t get that. The FBI didn’t get toset the legal precedents it sought either.
The Justice Department made it clear, ina statement, that this isn’t over, that this was just Round 1, and that the next time it getsstuck with a phone full of evidence, it’ll beright back on Apple’s doorstep. Apple madeit clear in a statement that its position re-mained unchanged. Terrorists worldwide de-clined to issue a statement, but they were un-doubtedly watching this all unfold. Hopefully
they feel a little less safe, so at least we canagree on who lost. □
QUICK TAKE
Apple vs. the FBI: Here’s who really lostBy Lev Grossman
C L A R
K E :
A P ;
T R A I N : S E I B U G R O U P
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22 April 11, 2016
The View American Genius
ROBOT
REVOLUTION
These fields areamong the most
affected by robotics
SHIPPING
Amazon’s Kiva robotshelp the firm fill
orders by bringinggoods to human
workers
MILITARY
The U.S. Army hasused robots like
iRobot’s PackBot todispose of bombs
MEDICINE
Aetheon’s Tug robotdelivers supplies
like medicine andfresh linens withinhospitals
HOSPITALITY
A new novelty hotelin Japan is staffedalmost entirely by
robots
TECHNOLOGY
Grappling with the right
role for robots at workBy Alex Fitzpatrick
-garding the coming impact of robots on workers:there are those who warn they will destroy jobsand those who hope new technology will boost theproductivity of workers without replacing them.
Melonee Wise is one of the optimists. The34-year-old CEO of San Jose, Calif.–based FetchRobotics is working on “collaborative robotics,”using machines to do things humans cannot.“Once we start seeing more service robots like
we make, people will be like, ‘These things arereally improving my life,’” she says.
Fetch, a nearly two-year-old startup, is de-veloping robots for warehouses. One model,called Freight, looks like a muscled version of the floor-sweeping Roomba made by industryleader iRobot. Freight carries a bin while fol-lowing human workers as they pick items off shelves, letting a machine do the lugging. An-other device nicknamed Fetch is a more ad-vanced robot with an arm that can grab itemsand work with Freight. Fetch Robotics, whichisn’t profitable yet but has raised $23 million in
venture funding, has sold a small number of de-vices to customers for testing.
is entering an uncer-tain chapter. Last year eager investors poured arecord $587 million into startups trying to bringrobots to manufacturing plants, hospitals andbattlefields, according to data firm CB Insights.Much of the potential for a new wave of robotshas come from advancements in so-called ma-chine learning, the software that bestows robotswith contextual intelligence. Some of that en-thusiasm has been muted recently, however, as
the business of selling robots hit snags. iRobotsaw its stock fall more than 10% in a single
February day after it predicted weaker-than-expected results for the coming year. In March,
the Wall Street Journal reported that Google par-ent company Alphabet is seeking to sell BostonDynamics, maker of a bipedal walking robot thatlooks vaguely like the Terminator, because thefirm’s path to profitability is not clear.
Another looming question is robots’ rolein the workplace. Wise, a Chicago native whoholds a master’s degree in mechanical engi-neering from the University of Illinois, arguesthat Fetch’s bots will help warehouse workersavoid injury or strain, making them more pro-ductive in the long run. She compares robots toPCs, which caused consternation but ultimately
boosted productivity as well as economic and job growth. “Everyone keeps trying to make a
distinction between a robot and a computer, butthey’re basically the same thing,” says Wise. “Arobot is a computer wrapped in plastic.”
. “Technologyis going to get to the point where it’s going to takeover a lot of the routine, predictable-type jobs inthe economy,” says Martin Ford, author of TheRise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. That is already happening atcheckout lines, tollbooths, parking lots and ticket
counters. Ford and others argue that the combi-nation of robots and artificial intelligence rep-resents a different kind of revolution—one thatcould eventually come for white collar profes-sions. “That’s a lot of jobs [at stake],” he says.
Still, of the 10 private robotics firms that haveraised the most venture capital during the pastfive years, most focus on two fields that are firmlyin the augment-human-workers (not replace-them) camp: children’s toys and assistance forsurgeons. “Maybe in 30 or 40 years we will have50% of the jobs disappear,” says J.P. Gownder,vice president and principal analyst at research
firm Forrester. “But I don’t see it happening inthe next 10.” □
I L L U S T R A T I O N
B Y
B R O WN
B I R D
D E S I G N
F O R
T I ME
The Fetch robot picks items off warehouse shelves, while theFreight robot carries them to
human workers for packaging
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PHOTOGRAPH BY MELISSA GOLDEN
Comey, at a pressconference in June 2014, hastackled terrorism,encryption and Apple since taking over the FBI
Nation
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What FBI Director James Comey’s
investigation reveals about
Hillary Clinton’s emails could
change the course of the election
By MassimoCalabresi
the
GMAN,
the
EMAILSand
HILLARY
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28 April 11, 2016
, the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
James Comey, met with John Giacalone,the bureau official responsible for every-
thing from counterterrorism to counter-intelligence across the U.S. Giacalone,a fireplug of a man who started out as aNew York City field agent battling or-ganized crime in the 1990s, wanted tobrief Comey on a high-profile issue thathad been referred to the bureau by the In-spector General of the Intelligence Com-munity. Emails found on the private, un-classified server used by Hillary Clintonas Secretary of State contained classifiedinformation; Giacalone’s National Secu-rity Branch wanted to investigate how the
secrets got there and whether anyone hadcommitted a crime in the process. Comeywas clear about one thing. “He wanted tomake sure it was treated the same way asall other cases,” says Giacalone, who leftthe bureau in February.
Seven months later, 20 to 30 agents,technical specialists and analysts havebeen assigned to the investigation, ac-cording to sources familiar with it. Theagents have conducted interviews anddone forensic analysis of the evidencecollected. And they have executed pro-
cess, the sources say, referring to a cat-egory of investigative tools that can in-clude, among other things, subpoenas.As they near the end of the investiga-tion, the agents are preparing to inter-view several of Clinton’s closest aides, andperhaps the candidate herself, accordingto the sources, a move Clinton campaign
officials say she will comply with. Attor-ney General Loretta Lynch told Congresson Feb. 24 that she is awaiting a recom-mendation from Comey and the FBI on
whether anyone should be charged.Many Americans have come to know
Comey, 55, as the face of the FBI in its fightwith Apple over access to the encryptediPhone used by one of the ISIS followerswho killed 14 people in San Bernardino,Calif., on Dec. 2. After theJustice Depart-ment sued Apple for access to the con-tents of the phone, Comey spoke aboutthe dangers of the company’s resistanceand its widespread use of encryption.Apple CEO Tim Cook pushed back hard,saying in an interview with TIME that the
FBI’s request “could wind up putting mil-lions of customers at risk.” Then, just aday before a key hearing on March 22,the bureau backed down. A week later,it announced it had gained access to thephone through an unidentified third partyand no longer needed Apple’s help. Thebureau has since dropped the case, butthe episode is a reminder of the deepen-ing complexity of law enforcement in adigital age.
Compared with solving the Apple puz-zle, the case of the Clinton emails looks
on the surface like a straight-up job, thekind of leak investigation the bureauundertakes several times a year. But theseare not straight-up times. Clinton is thefront runner for the Democratic nomina-tion. Some 67% of Americans already sayshe is neither honest nor trustworthy, ac-cording to a February poll by Quinnipiac
University. That impression is bolsteredby the steps she and her aides took thatkept even her routine State Departmentemails beyond the reach of normal fed-
eral record-keeping procedures, an effortmade clear in emails released in the wakeof lawsuits brought under the Freedom of Information Act over the past 18 months.If FBI agents take steps that suggest Clin-ton is personally under suspicion, it couldchange the course of the campaign.
Comey is keeping a close watch on theinvestigation, getting briefings from teamleaders and personally overseeing thecase. Agents have been told they may bepolygraphed to prevent leaks, the sourcesfamiliar with the probe say. “I want to en-
sure [the Clinton email investigation] isdone in the ways the FBI does all its work:professionally, with integrity, promptly,”Comey told Congress in February. “Andwithout any interference whatsoever.”
When the agents have run down alltheir leads, the sources say, Comey willpresent the evidenceto Lynch, along withhis assessment of what it shows. SomeRepublicans are referring to his recom-mendation as the “Comey primary” in thehopes it will sway the election their way.That may be wishful thinking, but one
thing is clear: Comey has spent much of his career investigating and occasionallyconfronting high-profile public figures.
at 7:30 when Comeyarrives for work at the bureau’s ugly andbrooding concrete headquarters on Penn-sylvania Avenue, the name over the door
1996
Republicandeputy special
counsel onthe Senate
WhitewaterCommittee
2001
Charges 14 for
1996 bombingin Saudi Arabiathat killed 19
U.S. servicemen
2003
IndictsMarthaStewart
2002
InvestigatesClinton
pardon of Marc Rich
2003
Appoints PatrickFitzgerald to probe
the Bush WhiteHouse leak of
CIA officer ValeriePlame’s identity
20051995
Comey, far left,during theWhitewater
investigation
A CAREER FIGHTING CRIME
Comey planned to be a doctor, but a religion
course at William and Mary steered him tothe University of Chicago Law School and aneventual career as a federal prosecutor, inwhich he tried and oversaw high-profile cases.
2000
8/18/2019 Time USA – 11 April 2016
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29
serves as a reminder that the FBI hassometimes played by its own rules. Thebureau’s first leader, J. Edgar Hoover, forwhom the building is named, spied on
everyone from Cabinet officials to politi-cal dissidents and even tried to blackmailMartin Luther King Jr., whom he viewedas a national-security threat. Mindful of that history, Presidents have more re-cently chosen FBI directors with a pu-ritanical devotion to political indepen-dence. Louis Freeh and Robert Muellerwere obsessively upright former prosecu-tors. Freeh viewed himself as a scourgeof politicized justice, real or imagined;Mueller, a former Marine, ruled the FBIwith an iron fist as he remade it after 9/11.
Both came into conflict with the Presi-dents who had appointed them.
Comey too comes from the world of federal prosecutors and projects the sameair of rectitude that Freeh and Muellerdo. Growing up in New Jersey, he hadplanned on being a doctor, but after tak-ing a course on death at the College of William and Mary, he ended up gradu-ating with a double major in chemistryand religion. He met his wife of 28 yearsthere (they have five children), then wenton to law school at the University of Chi-
cago and clerked on the federal appealscourt in lower Manhattan. In 1987, RudyGiuliani hired him as an attorney in thepowerful prosecutor’s office of the South-ern District of New York.
It was in the 1990s that Comey got hisfirst experience navigating the treacher-ous confluence of law and politics. Look-
ing to get back into government after astint in private practice, Comey signedon as deputy special counsel to the Sen-ate Whitewater Committee, impan-
eled to look into, among other things, aminor Clinton real estate deal gone bad.In 1996, after months of work, Comeycame to some damning conclusions:Hillary Clinton was personally involvedin mishandling documents and had or-dered others to block investigators as theypursued their case. Worse, her behaviorfit into a pattern of concealment: she andher husband had tried to hide their rolesin two other matters under investigationby law enforcement. Taken together, theinterference by White House officials,
which included destruction of docu-ments, amounted to “far more than justaggressive lawyering or political naiveté,”Comey and his fellow investigators con-cluded. It constituted “a highly improperpattern of deliberate misconduct.”
It wasn’t the last time he would crosspaths with the Clintons. Comey parlayed
the Whitewater job into top posts in Vir-ginia and New York, returning to Manhat-tan in 2002 to be thetop federal prosecu-tor there. One of his first cases 15 years
earlier had been the successful prosecu-tion of Marc Rich, a wealthy internationalfinancier. But on his last day as Presidentin 2001, Bill Clinton pardoned Rich. “Iwas stunned,” Comey later told Con-gress. As top U.S. prosecutor in New Yorkin 2002, appointed by George W. Bush,Comey inherited the criminal probe intothe Rich pardon and 175 others Clintonhad made at the 11th hour.
Despite evidence that several pardonrecipients, including Rich, had connec-tions to donations to Bill Clinton’s presi-
dential library and Hillary Clinton’s 2000Senate campaign, Comey found no crimi-nal wrongdoing. He was careful not to letthe investigation be used for political pur-poses by either party. When pressed fordetails in one case, he said, “I can’t reallygo into it because it was an investigationthat didn’t result in charges. That may bea frustrating answer, but that’s the oneI’m compelled to give.”
Comey’s probity didn’t prevent himfrom taking on other high-profile cases.He once said prosecutors who amassed
perfect records at trial by taking only easy,noncontroversial cases were members of the “chickensh-t club,” according to sev-eral assistant U.S. Attorneys who workedfor him. Comey showed he meant it in2003, when he led the case against Mar-tha Stewart for making false statementsduring an insider-trading investigation.
2004
riefly blocks
NSA Stellarnd program
2010
JoinsBridgewaterhedge fundas general
counsel
2005
Leaves governmentto become
general counsel atLockheed Martin
2013
Picked by
Obama tobe seventhFBI director
2016
Fights
Apple overaccess toiPhone 5c
2015
Comey once saidprosecutors whohad perfect records because they tookonly easy caseswere part of the‘chickensh-t club’
Comey workedas deputy to Attorney General
John Ashcroft during the Bush Administration
2010
P R E V I O U S
P A G E S : R E D U X ; T H E S E
P A
G E S : A P
( 4 ) ; G E T T Y
I M A G E S
( 4 ) ; Z U M A
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He won a conviction on all counts thanksto the testimony of one witness, but it wasa close call. Comey later said he had al-most not taken the case but chose to risk
it because he thought that his hesitationwas due to Stewart’s “being rich and fa-mous, and [that] it shouldn’t be that way.”
Clearing Clinton in the pardons casedidn’t hurt Comey with Bush. In 2003,Bush promoted him to be Attorney Gen-eral John Ashcroft’s No. 2. GOP hard-linerswould quickly come to rue the pick. Fill-ing in for Ashcroft, who recused himself from the case, Comey appointed his oldpartner in New York Mob prosecutions,Patrick Fitzgerald, to look into the leak of the identity of CIA officer Valerie Plame,
a case that would ultimately snare VicePresident Dick Cheney’s chief of staff Scooter Libby and damage the WhiteHouse in the aftermath of the Iraq War.
Comey’s most dramatic moment camein a 2004 confrontation with Bush’sWhite House counsel, Alberto Gonzales.The Justice Department had concludedthat part of the National Security Agen-cy’s Stellar Wind program of blankettelephone-metadata collection was ille-gal. Comey, who was running the depart-ment after Ashcroft went on leave with
a sudden illness, refused to recertify thelegality of the program when it expiredin March 2004, though West Wing hard-liners led by Cheney were pushing hardfor it. Late on the evening of March 10,Comey heard that Gonzales was on hisway to George Washington Hospital inFoggy Bottom to try to get the bedriddenAshcroft to sign an authorization for Stel-lar Wind instead. Comey ordered his FBIdriver to speed him to the hospital, lightsflashing, in an attempt to prevent it.
Comey arrived minutes before Gon-
zales, and after pushing his 6-ft. 8-in.frame up several flights of stairs, briefedthe semiconscious Ashcroft on whatwas about to happen. With the help of then FBI Director Mueller, Comey as-sumed authority over the security de-tail in the room. Others present worriedthere might be an armed confrontationbetween those agents and Gonzales’ Se-cret Service detail if Gonzales attemptedto have Comey removed from the room.But when Gonzales arrived and askedAshcroft to authorize Stellar Wind, Ash-
croft rebuffed him, telling him Comey wasin charge. Gonzales left empty-handed.
Days later, after Comey, Mueller andother top Justice Department officialsthreatened to resign if Bush ordered theNSA to continue using Stellar Wind with-out the department’s approval, Bush al-tered the secret program to comply withtheir legal requirements.Comey “wasmi-raculously great,” says Harvard law pro-fessor Jack Goldsmith, who was one of ahandful of witnesses to the hospital sceneas a top Justice Department lawyer.
against Gonzales didn’t
end there, and its fallout has implicationsfor the current Clinton email case. In May2007, Comey had left government, andGonzales, who had replaced Ashcroft atopthe Justice Department, was clinging to his
job amid unrelated scandals. Comey sur-prised the top Democratic staffer on theSenate Judiciary Committee by agreeingto make public the details of the hospital-room encounter for the first time in com-pelling open testimony. The hearing wasdesigned to force Gonzales out, and ulti-mately it worked. Comey’s testimony led
to the discovery by White House lawyersthat Gonzales had improperly stored
classified notes on Stellar Wind, whichin turn led to his resignation that August,according to top Bush White House offi-cials. Comey and Gonzales both declinedto comment on the matter.
Comey’s testimony enraged hard-liners but earned him unrivaled respect
in Congress and at Justice, where top of-ficials have long understood the challengeof remaining independent of political in-fluence. Comey’s most important sup-porter turned out to be President Obama’sfirst Attorney General, Eric Holder.Comey had bluntly criticized Holder forapproving the Marc Rich pardon as act-ing Attorney General on Clinton’s last dayin office, calling it a “huge misjudgment.”But Comey told Congress that Holder hadpaid for the error “dearly in reputation.”When Mueller stepped down in 2013,
Holder recommended Comey, a Repub-lican, as one of two candidates to takeover the FBI.
In his early days as FBI boss, top aidessay, Comey thought terrorism might bea fading problem. Osama bin Laden wasdead, al-Qaeda’s core had been severelyweakened, and ISIS was little more thana band of fanatics operating in the no-man’s-land between Syria and Iraq. Butafter the terrorist group’s surge towardBaghdad in the first half of 2014, Obamaapproved air strikes against it. Within
weeks, the group began beheading Amer-ican captives, and a leading ISIS figure,
△ Clinton testified about her private
email arrangement before theHouse Select Committee on
Benghazi last October
E V A N V U C C I —A P
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Abu Muhammad al-Adnani, posted anEnglish-language call to arms for follow-ers to attack Americans around the world.Within months, FBI agents reported a
spike in the number of possible ISIS fol-lowers in the U.S.
Comey responded with more agentsand an increased emphasis on intelligencecollection. In 2015, the bureau saw only aslight increase in the overall number of ar-rests of those supporting terrorists in theU.S. but a fivefold increase in the numberof those arrested who followed ISIS. “ThisISIL threat is not your parents’ al-Qaeda,”Comey told House members on Feb. 25.He says terrorists no longer hatch plots infaraway places but rather “crowdsource”
terrorismby inspiringand motivating do-mestic supporters like the couple behindthe San Bernardino attack.
That event merged with the secondbig challenge of his tenure: the danger of criminals and terrorists “going dark” asencryption becomes more widely used.Comey says the use of encrypted smart-phones means his agents can’t collect ev-idence to prosecute and prevent crimesand terrorist attacks, even when theyhave a court warrant. Comey, who uses agovernment-issued phone for work and
has an iPhone for personal use, told theHouse in February, “These phones arewonderful. I love them.” But he arguedtwo days earlier that there are “increasingsituations where we cannot, with lawfulcourt orders, read the communications of terrorists, gangbangers, pedophiles—alldifferent kinds of bad people.”
This concern drove Comey’s highest-profile moment so far in his job atop theFBI. Within hours of the San Bernardinoattack, agents recovered the government-issued iPhone 5c of shooter Syed Farook.
After getting a court-ordered warrant, theFBI took the phone to its Regional Com-puter Forensic Laboratory and, with thehelp of Apple, gained access to informa-tion stored in the phone’s server-based ac-count. But when the agents tried to accessthe phone’s internalrecords, they couldn’tget past the four-digit pass code, whichwas set to wipe the phone’s memory aftermore than 10 failed tries. When Apple re-fused to create software to circumventthat feature, Comey approved taking thecompany to court. On March 28 the Jus-
tice Department announced it did notneed Apple to crack the phone after all.
, Comey’s power to access everyApple phone in the world remains hypo-thetical; the potential effect of the Clin-ton email probe on the presidential elec-
tion is very real. The State Departmenthas said that 22 of the documents onClinton’s private server contained infor-mation classified at the highest level, topsecret. Those documents were based onintelligence generated not by State butby other agencies like the CIA and NSA.Because those secrets tend to come fromsome of the government’s most sensi-tive sources, such as human spies or ex-pensive satellites, they are protected byspecial penalties under the EspionageAct, which provides for up to 10 years in
prison for some violations.But none of the classified documents
found on Clinton’s server was markedclassified when it was sent or received.And the standard for conviction in a leakcase is high: the suspect must knowinglystore the secrets improperly or show grossnegligence in their handling. In mostcases, Clinton’s close aides received docu-ments from others in the department andpassed them along to their boss. To fig-ure out if anyone acted knowingly or withgross negligence, agents have conducted
interviews. The Justice Department hasreached an immunity agreement with theaide who set up Clinton’s server.
There is always a chance that agentsporing over Clinton’s 50,000 pages of emails could come across something un-related that they think warrants a closerlook and the investigation could spread.That is how the probe of a busted landdeal in 1994 led to the impeachment of Bill Clinton four years later over lyingabout an affair. While there have beenmultiple reports of foreign companies
and countries making contributions toBill Clinton’s foundation or paying him
for speeches at the same time that theyhad issues before the State Department,it is far from clear that any of that wouldbe a violation of law, whatever some Re-
publicans might hope. But the FBI’s Do-mestic Investigations and OperationsGuide sets a very low bar for an initialinformation-gathering effort known asan “assessment.”
The classification probe remainedan assessment for a time but is now aninvestigation, according to the sourcesfamiliar with it. The FBI will be look-ing not only at the handling of classi-fied information but also at the Clintonteam’s response to the probe itself. Clin-ton erased 30,000 personal emails from
her private server before handing it overto investigators. Republicans have re-peatedly alleged, without proof, that inthe process she destroyed incriminat-ing evidence about her handling of gov-ernment matters, including the attackby terrorists on the U.S. outpost in Ben-ghazi, Libya.
Lawyers preparing Clinton and heraides for possible interviews are wellaware that Comey has a history of pros-ecuting those who impede investigators.Cheney’s aide Libby was convicted not
of leaking Plame’s identity but of ob-structing justice, as was Martha Stewart.Comey had a front-row seat to Clinton’scontroversial handling of documents inthe Whitewater case. Ultimately the Sen-ate committee he worked for two decadesago found no criminal wrongdoing but is-sued a politically damaging report any-way. Clinton campaign official Brian Fal-lon says that the FBI has not requestedan interview with her yetand that she re-mains ready to cooperate with the probe.“She first expressed her willingness to co-
operate in any way possible last August,”says Fallon, “and that included offeringto meet with them and answer any ques-tions they might have.”
Comey’s recommendation to Lynch,when it comes, could include a descrip-tion of the evidence; what laws, if any,might have been violated; and how con-fident he is in the results of the probe, thesources familiar with the investigation tellTIME. What will come of the Comey pri-mary? Says Giacalone: “If the evidence isthere, it’s there. If it leads to something
inconclusive, or nothing, he’s not goingto recommend filing charges.” □
Comey’s power toaccess every Applephone in the world ishypothetical; thepotential effect of the Clinton probe onthe election is real
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Conversations about trade used to be sosimple as to not need verbs: free tradegood, tariffs bad. But the fallout from thefinancial crisis as well as the campaigns of Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump have
reopened the debate around how tradeand globalization shape our economy. Isit good, or bad, for America?
The answer depends on where you’restanding. There’s no doubt that global-ization and “free” trade have increasedwealth at both global and national lev-els. According to the U.S. Council of Eco-nomic Advisers, the reduction of tradebarriers during the post–World War IIperiod raised U.S. GDP alone by 7.3%. Butfree trade can also increase the wealth di-vide within countries, in part by creatingconcentrated groups of economic losers.
Free trade has made goods and servicescheaper for Americans, but it hasn’t al-ways helped labor markets, as advocatesoften claim. Indeed, from 1990 to 2008,almost no net new jobs were created inthe areas most exposed to foreign compe-tition. Fixing that doesn’t require turningaway from trade but rebalancing it.
After
decades of consensus,the valueof global
free tradeis beingcontested bythe left and
the right.What everyvoter needsto know
ISSUES2016
By Rana Foroohar
Has freetrade
made us better off?
Well, sort of.
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Everyone does not play by the samerules. Countries such as the U.S. andFrance have squabbled for years overagricultural subsidies to farmers thatdistort free trade. More recently, asnations like China and Brazil thatpractice differing versions of statecapitalism have entered the globaltrading system, the playing field hasgotten more uneven. The Chineseeconomy, for example, has a numberof industries, like green energy, that
are protected by the state. Nationalplayers are explicitly supported overforeign competitors. (No wondercomplaints lodged with the World TradeOrganization—the closest thing theworld has to an economic referee—have jumped in the past few years.)
Currency plays a role in theimbalances in the system too. The U.S.runs a trade deficit in part because of the dollar’s role as the global reservecurrency. Meanwhile, the Chinesecurrency has risen and fallen over the
years in ways sometimes designed toadvantage the country, though notalways to prop up exports: the recentrise and fall of China’s renminbi has lessto do with a trade war than it has withChinese investors desperately trying toget their money out of a country theybelieve is slowing dramatically.
Tariffs—taxes imposed on imports,intended to privilege homemadegoods—are not the answer. Thoughpopular on the stump as an easy redress,
they penalize all consumers rather thanhelp those who’ve been hurt by foreigncompetition, studies show.
More-innovative labor policymight help. There’s a growingacknowledgment on both sides of thepolitical aisle in the U.S. that the painof free trade and globalization for thelosers, like Rust Belt manufacturingworkers, might be lessened. InGermany, for example, displacedworkers are temporarily subsidizedwhile being trained for new jobs.
Conventional economics has longtaught that U.S. workers would moveinto new, more enriching areas of the labor market when jobs in theircommunities go elsewhere. That wasthe logic used by numerous presi-dential administrations when cuttingfree-trade deals. But as an influen-tial new study by economists DavidAutor, David Dorn and Gordon Han-son has shown, that’s not alwaysthe case. When looking at the ef-fect of the rise of China on Americanlabor from the 1990s onward, they found that “labor-market adjustmentto trade shocks is stunningly slow,
with local labor-force participationrates remaining depressed and localunemployment rates remaining ele-vated for a full decade or more aftera [trade] shock commences.”
In other words: the gains of freetrade do not always outweigh thelosses. Other studies have shownthat sagging wages in U.S. labor mar-kets exposed to Chinese competitionreduced adult earnings by $213 peryear. This doesn’t mean we shouldn’tcut smart trade deals, but it doesmean that there’s no longer any point
in arguing that free trade and global-ization are good for all Americans,full stop. There are groups of Ameri-can workers that suffer because of free trade—and they often suffer fora long time.
Yes.
$726 billiontrade surplus of advanced
countries for goods such as cars,
chemicals, pharmaceuticalsand machinery in 2010
Is the global playingfield unfair?
Not always.
2010 2014China is losing jobs tocountries with low-cost labor
35% 25% 32%Textilesandclothing
Footwear52% 20%
45%
24%
CHINA
LOW-COSTCOUNTRIES
EXPORTS OF LABOR-INTENSIVE GOODS,
BY SHARE OF COUNTRIES
NOTE: COUNTRIES WITH LOW-COST LABOR INCLUDE INDIA, BANGLADESH, TURKEY, VIETNAM, INDONESIA, PAKISTAN,CAMBODIA, MEXICO, THAILAND, ROMANIA, SRI LANKA, BRAZIL AND POLAND; SOURCE: MCKINSEY & COMPANY
29%
Leather38% 32%
13% 16%
Doesn’ttradeimprove
labormarketsin richcountries?
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In fact, many lost U.S. jobs aren’t goingdirectly to China to the extent that mostAmericans think. China has its owneconomic and political goals, which arecentered around creating as many jobsas possible to avoid the social unrestthat could lead to a collapse of thecommunist system.
According to the McKinsey Global
Institute (MGI), only around 700,000of the 6 million manufacturing jobslost in the U.S. between 2000 and2010—about one-third of the country’sindustrial base—went to China, mostlyin “tradable” areas like apparel andelectronics. The rest were lost becauseof decreasing consumer demand post-2008. “Demand just went down thedrain,” says Sree Ramaswamy, researchdirector at MGI. That hit industrieslike auto and white goods—thinkrefrigerators and washing machines—
particularly hard. (There has since beensome resurgence in those areas; nearly1 million manufacturing jobs have
come back to the U.S. since 2010.)Demand loss isn’t the only force
at work. There have also beentechnological changes that requirefewer employees to accomplish thesame amount of work. High-tech robotsdo the laser cutting or diemakingthat human hands used to do—evenChinese hands. (Foxconn, a Chinese
manufacturer for Apple, now makes“Foxbot” robots to do Americans’outsourced work even more cheaplythan laborers.) Indeed, the Chineseare losing jobs to humans also, toeven cheaper-labor countries. That’sanother reason that the debate overtrade is changing: much of the low-hanging fruit has been plucked inrich and poor countries alike. Thatmeans negotiations in all countries arebecoming more nuanced. (Witness allthe wrangling over the Trans-Pacific
Partnership.) This side effect makesclear that the downsides of trade are aglobal issue, not just a U.S. one.
Global trade has reduced in-equality at a worldwide level,but it has played some partin increasing it at a nationallevel. It has also increased the
profitability of big firms rela-tive to labor or the public sec-tor, since Fortune 500 corpora-tions can relocate capital andlabor to the most economicallyadvantageous places, even asworkers struggle to adapt tochange.
There’s a growing debateabout how to cope with all this.
One discussion centers arounda reconsideration of the mix of finance and manufacturing inthe U.S. economy: namely bol-stering the latter but limitingthe detrimental economic ef-fects of the former.
There is also a resurgence of interest in what was once called
“industrial policy,” which toits champions in the 1990smeant investing in emerging
Is China stealing
U.S. jobs?
Do we needa new wayof thinkingabout fairtrade?
Yes.
Not exactly.
$342 billiontrade deficit of advancedcountries for labor-intensive
goods such as textiles, furniture,
toys and apparel in 2010
Manufacturingis one sectorthat has beenhurt by free
trade
U.S.imports
from China asa percentage
of GDP
0
1
2%
0
5
10
15%
1990 ’95 2000 ’05 ’10 ’14 1990 ’95 2000 ’05 ’10 ’14
U.S.manufacturingas a percentage
of totalemployment
SOURCES:U.S. BUREAU OF
LABOR STATISTICS;U.S. CENSUS;WORLD BANK
8.8%
2.7%
0.3%
16.3%
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There are several valid reasons to hopethe future of trade may be more bal-anced and more local. For one, politi-cians are talking about the issue. Yes,during a campaign season that talk may be oversimplified or worse. But aroundthe world, policymakers are taking alook at the past few decades of ortho-doxy on trade.
More pressingly, the profits andgrowth of businesses may be at stake.Disasters like the 2013 Rana Plazafactory collapse in Bangladesh havemade big companies more wary of out-
sourcing to far-flung factories. The In-ternet in general and social media inparticular make hiding these kinds of problems from consumers more diffi-
cult than ever.Then there’s the move to a digi-tal economy. Over the past few yearsglobal trade has begun to slow downfrom its usual growth rate. Indeed,trade in goods and services is slowingin every area but the digital economy.The flow of digital information—includ-ing e-commerce, videos, intra-company communications and searches—be-tween countries grew by a whopping 45times between 2005 and 2014, accord-ing to MGI. Countries that do more digi-tal trade have higher-than-average eco-nomic growth rates.
And globalization itself has evolve
