Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector

Matter and Technology Annual Meeting – February 2021

David Pennicard, Jonathan Correa, Sergei Fridman, Sabine Lange, Sergej Smoljanin, Vahagn Vardanyan,

Heinz Graafsma – DESY

Xavier Llopart, Rafael Ballabriga, Michael Campbell - CERN

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 2

Introduction

> Timepix4 ASIC

> Readout system development

> Applications

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 3

Timepix4

> Developed by CERN for Medipix4 collaboration

▪ Some components from Nikhef and IFAE

▪ 15 member institutes

▪ Fabricated April 2020

> ASIC basic features:

▪ 65 nm TSMC process

▪ 55 µm pixels (like previous Timepix & Medipix)

▪ 512 x 448 pixels

▪ Data output – 16 transceivers at up to 10 Gbit/s

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 4

Timestamping mode with event-by-event readout

> Time of arrival with 200 ps time binning (1.6 ns in Timepix3)

> Time over threshold with ~ 1 keV resolution

> Hit rate bandwidth 350 million hits/s/cm2 (8 times higher than Timepix3)

V out

Threshold

TimeTime of Arrival

Time over Threshold ~ energy

Data packetsDetector

Pixel (1,1)

Energy ~15 keV

Time 525 ns

Pixel (3,3)

Energy ~10 keV

Time 765 ns

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 5

Hit counting mode with frame readout

> Count rate capability – 2 million counts/pix/s at 10% pileup (10 times higher than Medipix3)

> 80 kHz frame rate (20 times higher than Medipix3)

V out

Threshold

Time

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Detector Data frames

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 6

Timing system

> 40 MHz global time – 16 bits

▪ Delay locked loops for consistent timing across matrix

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 7

Timing system

> 40 MHz global time – 16 bits

▪ Delay locked loops for consistent timing across matrix

> 640 MHz voltage controlled oscillator in „super pixel“ – 5 bits

▪ Only active when triggered by hit

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 8

Timing system

> 40 MHz global time – 16 bits

▪ Delay locked loops for consistent timing across matrix

> 640 MHz voltage controlled oscillator in „super pixel“ – 5 bits

▪ Only active when triggered by hit

> 200 ps binning with 8-step delay line in pixel

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 9

4-side buttable design with Through Silicon Vias

24.7 mm (448 pixels)

28.2

2 m

m (5

12

pix

els

)

29.9

6 m

m (5

12

pix

els

)

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 10

Test results from CERN

> Tested with Si sensor and Nikhef readout

> Most functionality works well, time resolution meets

specs (~ 150 ps RMS)

Time of arrival test

(alpha particles)

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 11

Test results from CERN – pixel noise

Timepix4v0 Timepix4v1(changed metal layer)

0 0200

200

Most ~51 e Most ~58 e

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 12

Test results from CERN – VCO behaviour

> Voltage controlled oscillator frequencies wrong

▪ High-speed readout testable, but not practically usable

▪ Solution found using MPW run

> Timepix4v2 to be submitted soon

MPW chip test board

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 13

DESY single chip system design

> Goals:

▪ Get Timepix4 in experiments

quickly

▪ Build experience with Timepix4

and high speed readout

> System:

▪ Single chip Timepix4 chipboard

▪ Xilinx evaluation board

▪ „Firefly“ optical link daughterboard

for data transmission to PCChipboard

Evaluation

board

Optical

links out

Timepix4

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 14

Timepix4 single-chip board

> Designed to read chip at full speed

▪ 16 signal lines at 10 Gbit/s each!

> Suitable for prototyping and early

applications

▪ Chip close to top edge to allow

2-chip tiled system

▪ Flat form factor for testbeam

▪ Space for vacuum barrier, to

allow use in electron microscope

> Design can be modified for TSV

testing

TimePix4

Optional

vacuum

barrier

High voltage

FMC+

connector

Input power and

trigger signals

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 15

Xilinx evaluation board

> Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ ZU19-EG2 system on chip

▪ Combines FPGA programmable logic with 4-core processor

▪ Connects to Firefly optical transceiver board (Up to 3 x 100 GBE on one fiber)

▪ Suitable for future custom board:

• Sufficient high-speed transceivers to read 2-3 chips fully parallel

• Used widely in MT

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 16

Developing large systems with tileable modules

> Multi-chip detector heads with TSVs

▪ Medipix3 TSV project with Fraunhofer IZM (Berlin)

> Compact readout board design

▪ Experience from DTS-100G board useful

> Multi-module mechanics

▪ Experience with AGIPD 4M

> Optimised sensors for different applications

▪ E.g. high-Z, advanced Si sensors

> Tbit bandwidth DAQ system

▪ Looking into which platform to use

▪ Hiring postdocs to work on this topic

LAMBDA

(Medipix3)

2M

AGIPD 8-module block

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 17

Current Timepix & Timepix3 use at DESY

CFEL CMI group – ion

detection in lab and at FLASH

Nanolab – Time-resolved X-ray

diffraction with tube source Particle physics / Uni Hamburg –

Sensor and testbeam R&D

Particle physics – Time projection

chamber R&D (Timepix1)PETRA – new applications

of Timepix4

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 18

Pump-probe mass spectroscopy – Controlled Molecule Imaging (Küpper)

Electric field

Excite chemical

change

Detector

Time of flight (m/q ratio)

Fragment with

laser

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 19

Pump-probe mass spectroscopy – Controlled Molecule Imaging (Küpper)

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 20

Using both readout modes at one synchrotron beamline

> Diffraction with coherent X-rays produces speckle pattern

▪ Encodes positions of atoms

I. Zaluzhnyy et al, Materials 12(21), 3464, 2019.

doi: 10.3390/ma12213464

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 21

Using both readout modes at one synchrotron beamline

> Large static sample (e.g. nanostructured materials):

▪ Hit counting mode

▪ Take images while moving sample

▪ Determine nanoscale structure across large sample

I. Zaluzhnyy et al, Materials 12(21), 3464, 2019.

doi: 10.3390/ma12213464

Raster scan

sample

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 22

Using both readout modes at one synchrotron beamline

> Dynamic sample (e.g. proteins in solution):

▪ Timestamping mode

▪ Speckle pattern fluctuates over time

▪ Deduce dynamics from correlations in signal

• Single bunch (10 ns) time resolution possible!

I. Zaluzhnyy et al, Materials 12(21), 3464, 2019.

doi: 10.3390/ma12213464

Autocorrelated signal

t (ms)

David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 23

Conclusions

> Timepix4 ASIC tested by CERN

▪ Most features work well, some bugs to be fixed in resubmission

> Single-chip readout system close to being tested

▪ Chips wire bonded yesterday

> Broad range of applications in detecting ions, X-rays, particles…

> Thanks for listening!