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Timothy Leary 1 Timothy Leary Timothy Leary 1989 photo Born Timothy Francis Leary October 22, 1920 Springfield, Massachusetts, United States Died May 31, 1996 (aged 75) Los Angeles, California, United States Nationality American Alma mater University of Alabama (B.A., 1945) Washington State University (M.S., 1946) University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D., 1950) Occupation Psychologist Writer Employer University of California, Berkeley Kaiser Family Foundation Harvard University Known for Psychedelic therapy Spouse(s) Marianne Busch (m. 1945–1955) Mary Della Cioppa (m. 1956–1957) Nena von Schlebrügge (m. 1964–1965) Rosemary Woodruff (m. 1967–1976) Barbara Chase (m. 1978–1992) Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer, known for his advocacy of psychedelic drugs. During a time when drugs such as LSD and psilocybin were legal, Leary conducted experiments at Harvard University under the Harvard Psilocybin Project, resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. Both studies produced useful data, but Leary and his associate Richard Alpert were fired from the university because of the public controversy surrounding their research. Leary believed LSD showed therapeutic potential for use in psychiatry. He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy such as "turn on, tune in, drop out" (a phrase given to Leary by Marshall McLuhan); "set and setting"; and "think for yourself and question authority". He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanist concepts involving space migration, intelligence increase and life extension (SMI²LE), and developed the eight-circuit model of consciousness in his book Exo-Psychology (1977). During the 1960s and 1970s, he was arrested often enough to see the inside of 29 different prisons worldwide. President Richard Nixon once described Leary as "the most dangerous man in America".
Transcript

  • Timothy Leary 1

    Timothy Leary

    Timothy Leary

    1989 photo

    Born Timothy Francis LearyOctober 22, 1920Springfield, Massachusetts, United States

    Died May 31, 1996 (aged 75)Los Angeles, California, United States

    Nationality American

    Alma mater University of Alabama (B.A., 1945)Washington State University (M.S., 1946)University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D., 1950)

    Occupation PsychologistWriter

    Employer University of California, BerkeleyKaiser Family FoundationHarvard University

    Known for Psychedelic therapy

    Spouse(s) Marianne Busch (m. 1945–1955)Mary Della Cioppa (m. 1956–1957)Nena von Schlebrügge (m. 1964–1965)Rosemary Woodruff (m. 1967–1976)Barbara Chase (m. 1978–1992)

    Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer, known forhis advocacy of psychedelic drugs. During a time when drugs such as LSD and psilocybin were legal, Learyconducted experiments at Harvard University under the Harvard Psilocybin Project, resulting in the Concord PrisonExperiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. Both studies produced useful data, but Leary and his associateRichard Alpert were fired from the university because of the public controversy surrounding their research.Leary believed LSD showed therapeutic potential for use in psychiatry. He popularized catchphrases that promotedhis philosophy such as "turn on, tune in, drop out" (a phrase given to Leary by Marshall McLuhan); "set and setting";and "think for yourself and question authority". He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanist conceptsinvolving space migration, intelligence increase and life extension (SMI²LE), and developed the eight-circuit modelof consciousness in his book Exo-Psychology (1977).During the 1960s and 1970s, he was arrested often enough to see the inside of 29 different prisons worldwide.President Richard Nixon once described Leary as "the most dangerous man in America".

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  • Timothy Leary 2

    Early life and educationLeary was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, the only child of an Irish-American dentist who abandoned his wifeAbigail Ferris when Leary was 13.[citation needed] He graduated from Classical High School in that westernMassachusetts city.He attended the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts from September 1938 to June 1940. Underpressure from his father, he then accepted an appointment as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at WestPoint, New York. In the first months as a "plebe", he was given numerous demerits for rule infractions and then gotinto serious trouble for failing to report infractions by other cadets when on supervisory duty. He was alleged to havegone on a drinking binge and then failing to "come clean" about it. For violating the Academy's honor code, he wasasked by the Honor Committee to resign. When he refused, he was "silenced"; that is, shunned and ignored by hisfellow cadets as a tactic to pressure him to resign. Even though he was acquitted by a court-martial, the silencingmeasures continued in full force, as well as the onslaught of demerits for minuscule rule infractions. When thetreatment continued in his sophomore year, his mother appealed to a family friend, United States Senator David I.Walsh, head of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee, who conducted a personal investigation. Behind the scenes, theHonor Committee revised its position and announced that it would abide by the court-martial verdict. Leary thenresigned and was honorably discharged by the Army.[1] Almost 50 years later, he said it was "the only fair trial I'vehad in a court of law".[2]

    Much to the chagrin of his family, Leary elected to transfer to the University of Alabama in the fall of 1941 becauseof the institution's expeditious response to his application. Although he enrolled in the institution's ROTC program,maintained top grades, and began to cultivate academic interests in psychology and biology, he was expelled a yearlater for spending a night in the female dormitory. Having lost his student deferment in the midst of World War IIfollowing a brief sojourn at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign[3] subsequent to his Alabama expulsion,Leary was drafted into the United States Army. He reported for basic training at Fort Eustis in January 1943. In lieuof further officer training, Leary remained in the non-commissioned track and enrolled in an extended academicprogram for psychology majors that included external studies at Georgetown University and Ohio State University;following retroactive suspension and eventual reinstatement at the University of Alabama, he completed his degreevia correspondence courses and graduated in August 1945. Shortly after his promotion to corporal in 1944, Learywas assigned to Deshon General Hospital in Butler, Pennsylvania as a staff psychometrician largely due to themagnanimity of erstwhile professor Donald Ramsdell. He primarily worked with deaf patients at the hospital andserved there for the remainder of the war. While stationed in Butler, Leary began to court Marianne Busch; theywould marry in April 1945. Formally discharged at the rank of sergeant in January 1946, Leary earned the GoodConduct Medal, the American Defense Service Medal, the American Campaign Medal, and the World War IIVictory Medal during his Army stint.[4]

    Following the resolution of the war, Leary decided to pursue an academic career. He received an M.S. degree inpsychology at Washington State University in 1946 and his Ph.D. degree in clinical psychology at the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley in 1950 on the GI Bill.[5] His Ph.D. dissertation was entitled The Social Dimensions ofPersonality: Group Structure and Process. In 1947, Marianne gave birth to their first child, Susan, while he wasworking on his doctorate. A son, Jack, was born two years later. In 1952 the Leary family spent a year in Spain,subsisting on a research grant. A Berkeley colleague, Mervin Freedman, later recalled, "Something had been stirredin him in terms of breaking out of being another cog in society...".[6]

    Leary served as an assistant professor at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine from 1950 to 1955.[7] In 1952, he began concurrent employment as director of the Kaiser Family Foundation Psychological Research Division in Oakland, California, a position he would hold through 1958.[8] Despite his nascent professional success, his marriage was strained by multiple infidelities and mutual alcohol abuse. Marianne would eventually commit suicide in 1955, leaving him to raise their son and daughter alone. He described himself during this period as "an anonymous institutional employee who drove to work each morning in a long line of commuter cars and drove

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  • Timothy Leary 3

    home each night and drank martinis ... like several million middle-class, liberal, intellectual robots."His early work in psychology expanded on the research of Harry Stack Sullivan and Karen Horney regarding theimportance of interpersonal forces in mental health, focusing on how understanding interpersonal processes mightfacilitate diagnosing disorders and identifying human personality patterns. At the Kaiser Foundation, Learydeveloped a complex and respected interpersonal circumplex model, published in The Interpersonal Diagnosis ofPersonality, demonstrating how psychologists could methodically use Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) scores to predict respondents' interpersonal response characteristics, or ways they might respond to variousinterpersonal situations. In 1955 Leary and Frank Barron collaborated on a pioneering study of the effectiveness ofpsychiatric treatment. Of 150 patients awaiting psychological treatment at Kaiser Permanente Hospital in Oaklandthey found that without psychological treatment a third remained unimproved, a third deteriorated and a thirdimproved--virtually the same percentage of recovery found among those receiving psychological treatment. This wasan early example of evidence-based medicine that challenged the effectiveness of psychology as then practiced. [9]

    He left the Kaiser Foundation in 1958, possibly not of his own volition; according to successor Nicholas Cummings,the research-oriented Leary frequently clashed with Kaiser Permanente co-founder Sidney Garfield over performingstipulated clinical work with patients, precipitating his eventual dismissal by Garfield.[10] Subsiding on smallresearch grants and insurance policies, Leary—determined to write the great American novel—and his childrenrelocated to Europe shortly thereafter. Overcome by indigence during an unproductive stay in Florence, Leary soonreturned to academia in the fall of 1959 as a lecturer in clinical psychology at Harvard University at the behest ofBerkeley colleague Frank Barron and David McClelland. He would reside with his children in nearby Newton,Massachusetts. In addition to his teaching duties, Leary was affiliated with the Harvard Center for Research inPersonality under McClelland and oversaw the Harvard Psilocybin Project & concomitant experiments inconjunction with assistant professor Richard Alpert. In 1963, Leary was terminated for failing to give his scheduledclass lectures against his position that he had fulfilled his teaching obligations in full. The decision to dismiss himmay have been influenced by his role in the popularity of then-legal psychedelic substances among Harvard studentsand faculty members.[11]

    Psychedelic experiments and experiencesOn May 13, 1957, Life magazine published "Seeking the Magic Mushroom", a photo essay by R. Gordon Wassonthat documented the use of psilocybin mushrooms in religious rites of the indigenous Mazatec people of Mexico.[12]

    Anthony Russo, a colleague of Leary's, experimented with his own use of psychedelic (or entheogenic) psilocybemexicana mushrooms on a trip to Mexico and told Leary about it. In August 1960,[13] Leary traveled to Cuernavaca,Mexico with Russo and consumed psilocybin mushrooms for the first time, an experience that drastically altered thecourse of his life.[14] In 1965, Leary commented that he had "learned more about ... (his) brain and its possibilities ...[and] more about psychology in the five hours after taking these mushrooms than ... in the preceding 15 years ofstudying and doing research in psychology."Returning from Mexico to Harvard in 1960, Leary and his associates, notably Richard Alpert (later known as RamDass), began a research program known as the Harvard Psilocybin Project. The goal was to analyze the effects ofpsilocybin on human subjects (first prisoners, and later Andover Newton Theological Seminary students) from asynthesized version of the then-legal drug — one of two active compounds found in a wide variety of hallucinogenicmushrooms, including psilocybe mexicana. The compound in question was produced by a process developed byAlbert Hofmann of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, who was famous for synthesizing LSD.Beat poet Allen Ginsberg, after hearing about the Harvard research project, asked to join the experiments. Leary wasinspired by Ginsberg's enthusiasm, and the two shared an optimism in the benefit of psychedelic substances to helppeople "turn on" (i.e., discover a higher level of consciousness). Together they began a campaign of introducingother intellectuals and artists to psychedelics.[15]

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  • Timothy Leary 4

    Leary argued that psychedelic substances, in proper doses and in a stable setting, could, under the guidance ofpsychologists, alter behavior in beneficial ways not easily attainable through regular therapy. His research focusedon treating alcoholism and reforming criminals. Many of his research subjects told of profound mystical and spiritualexperiences which they said permanently, and very positively, altered their lives. According to Leary'sautobiography Flashbacks, after 300 professors, graduate students, writers and philosophers had taken LSD, 75%reported the experience as one of the most educational and revealing ones of their lives.The Concord Prison Experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of psilocybin combined with psychotherapy onrehabilitation of released prisoners. After being guided through the psychedelic experience, or "trips," by Leary andhis associates, 36 prisoners were reported to have repented and sworn to give up future criminal activity. Comparedto the average recidivism rate of 60 percent for American prisoners in general, the recidivism rate for those involvedin Leary's project dropped to 20 percent. The experimenters concluded that long-term reduction in overall criminalrecidivism rates could be effected with a combination of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy (inside the prison)along with a comprehensive post-release follow-up support program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous. Theseconclusions were later contested in a follow-up study on the basis of time differences monitoring the study group vs.the control group and differences between subjects re-incarcerated for parole violations and those imprisoned fornew crimes. The researchers concluded that statistically only a slight improvement could be attributed to psilocybinin contrast to the significant improvement reported by Leary and his colleagues.[16]

    Leary and Alpert founded the International Foundation for Internal Freedom in 1962 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.This was run by Lisa Bieberman (now known as Licia Kuenning),[17] a disciple of Leary[18] and one of his manylovers.[19][20] Their research attracted so much public attention that many who wanted to participate in theexperiments had to be turned away due to the high demand. To satisfy the curiosity of those who were turned away,a black market for psychedelics sprang up near the Harvard campus.According to Andrew Weil, Leary was fired for not giving his required lectures while Alpert was fired for allegedlygiving psilocybin to an undergraduate in an off-campus apartment.[21] This version is supported by the words ofHarvard University president Nathan Marsh Pusey, who released the following statement on May 27, 1963:

    On May 6, 1963, the Harvard Corporation voted, because Timothy F. Leary, lecturer on clinicalpsychology, has failed to keep his classroom appointments and has absented himself from Cambridgewithout permission, to relieve him from further teaching duty and to terminate his salary as of April 30,1963.[]

    In 1967, Leary engaged in a televised debate with Jerry Lettvin of MIT.Leary's activities interested siblings Peggy, Billy and Tommy Hitchcock, heirs to the Mellon fortune, who in 1963helped Leary and his associates acquire a rambling mansion on an estate in Millbrook (near Poughkeepsie, NewYork, the site of Vassar College), where they continued their experiments. Leary later wrote:

    We saw ourselves as anthropologists from the 21st century inhabiting a time module set somewhere inthe dark ages of the 1960s. On this space colony we were attempting to create a new paganism and anew dedication to life as art.[22]

    The Millbrook estate was later described by Luc Sante of The New York Times as:the headquarters of Leary and gang for the better part of five years, a period filled with endless parties,epiphanies and breakdowns, emotional dramas of all sizes, and numerous raids and arrests, many ofthem on flimsy charges concocted by the local assistant district attorney, G. Gordon Liddy.

    Others contest this characterization of the Millbrook estate; for instance, in The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, TomWolfe portrays Leary as interested only in research and not in using psychedelics merely for recreational purposes.According to "The Crypt Trip" chapter of Wolfe's book, when Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters visited the residencethe Pranksters did not even see Leary, who was away on a three-day trip. According to Wolfe, Leary's group evenrefused to give the Pranksters LSD.

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  • Timothy Leary 5

    In 1964, Leary coauthored a book with Alpert and Ralph Metzner called The Psychedelic Experience based on theTibetan Book of the Dead. In it, they wrote:

    A psychedelic experience is a journey to new realms of consciousness. The scope and content of theexperience is limitless, but its characteristic features are the transcendence of verbal concepts, ofspacetime dimensions, and of the ego or identity. Such experiences of enlarged consciousness can occurin a variety of ways: sensory deprivation, yoga exercises, disciplined meditation, religious or aestheticecstasies, or spontaneously. Most recently they have become available to anyone through the ingestionof psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, etc. Of course, the drug does notproduce the transcendent experience. It merely acts as a chemical key — it opens the mind, frees thenervous system of its ordinary patterns and structures.[citation needed]

    Repeated FBI raids ended the Millbrook era. Regarding a 1966 raid by Liddy, Leary told author and Prankster PaulKrassner, "He was a government agent entering our bedroom at midnight. We had every right to shoot him. But I'venever owned a weapon in my life. I have never had and never will have a gun around."On September 19, 1966, Leary founded the League for Spiritual Discovery, a religion declaring LSD as its holysacrament, in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain legal status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics forthe religion's adherents based on a "freedom of religion" argument. (Although The Brotherhood of Eternal Lovewould subsequently consider Leary their spiritual leader, The Brotherhood did not evolve out of IFIF InternationalFoundation for Internal Freedom.) On October 6, 1966, LSD was made illegal in the United States and controlled sostrictly that not only were possession and recreational use criminalized, but all legal scientific research programs onthe drug in the US were shut down as well.In 1966, Folkways Records recorded Leary reading from his book The Psychedelic Experience, and released thealbum The Psychedelic Experience: Readings from the Book "The Psychedelic Experience. A Manual Based on theTibetan...".[23]

    During late 1966 and early 1967, Leary toured college campuses presenting a multimedia performance "The Deathof the Mind" attempting an artistic replication of the LSD experience. He said the League for Spiritual Discoverywas limited to 360 members and was already at its membership limit, but encouraged others to form their ownpsychedelic religions. He published a pamphlet in 1967 called Start Your Own Religion to encourage just that (seebelow under "writings").Leary was invited to attend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In by Michael Bowen, the primary organizer of theevent,[24] a gathering of 30,000 hippies in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. In speaking to the group, he coined thefamous phrase "Turn on, tune in, drop out". In a 1988 interview with Neil Strauss, he said that this slogan was "givento him" by Marshall McLuhan when the two had lunch in New York City, adding, "Marshall was very muchinterested in ideas and marketing, and he started singing something like, 'Psychedelics hit the spot / Five hundredmicrograms, that's a lot,' to the tune of [the well-known Pepsi 1950s singing commercial]. Then he started going,'Tune in, turn on, and drop out.'"[25]

    At some point in the late 1960s, Leary moved to California and made many new friends in Hollywood. "When hemarried his third wife, Rosemary Woodruff, in 1967, the event was directed by Ted Markland of Bonanza. All theguests were on acid."In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Leary, in collaboration with the writer Brian Barritt, formulated his eight-circuitmodel of consciousness, in which he wrote that the human mind / nervous system consisted of seven circuits which,when activated, produce seven levels of consciousness. This model was first published in his short essay "The SevenTongues of God". The system soon expanded to include an eighth circuit in a revised version first unveiled to theworld in the rare 1973 pamphlet "Neurologic" — written with Joanna Leary while he was in prison — but was notexhaustively formulated until the publication of Exo-Psychology (by Leary) and in Robert Anton Wilson's CosmicTrigger in 1977. Wilson contributed to the model after befriending Leary in the early 1970s, and used it as aframework for further exposition in his book Prometheus Rising, among other works.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Metznerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spacetimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psilocybinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mescalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimethyltryptaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FBIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Krassnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Krassnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=League_for_Spiritual_Discoveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Brotherhood_of_Eternal_Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Foundation_for_Internal_Freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Foundation_for_Internal_Freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Folkways_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=League_for_Spiritual_Discoveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psychedelichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Be-Inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Bowen_%28artist%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hippiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_Gate_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turn_on%2C_tune_in%2C_drop_outhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neil_Strausshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marshall_McLuhanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosemary_Woodruff_Learyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonanzahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brian_Barritthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Anton_Wilsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Triggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Triggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prometheus_Rising

  • Timothy Leary 6

    Leary believed that the first four of these circuits ("the Larval Circuits" or "Terrestrial Circuits") are naturallyaccessed by most people in their lifetimes, triggered at natural transition points in life such as puberty. The secondfour circuits ("the Stellar Circuits" or "Extra-Terrestrial Circuits"), Leary wrote, were evolutionary offshoots of thefirst four that would be triggered at transition points we will acquire when we evolve further, and would equip us toencompass life in space, as well as the expansion of consciousness that would be necessary to make further scientificand social progress. Leary suggested that some people may "shift to the latter four gears", i.e., trigger these circuitsartificially via consciousness-altering techniques such as meditation and spiritual endeavors such as yoga, or bytaking psychedelic drugs specific to each circuit. An example of the information Leary cited as evidence for thepurpose of the "higher" four circuits was the feeling of floating and uninhibited motion experienced by users ofmarijuana. In the eight-circuit model of consciousness, a primary theoretical function of the fifth circuit (the first ofthe four developed for life in outer space) is to allow humans to become accustomed to life in a zero- or low-gravityenvironment.

    Legal troubles

    BNDD agents Don Strange (right) andHoward Safir (left) arrest Leary in 1972

    Leary's first run-in with the law came on December 20, 1965. Learydecided to take his two children, Jack and Susan, and his girlfriendRosemary Woodruff, to Mexico for an extended stay to write a book. Ontheir return from Mexico to the United States, a U.S. Customs Serviceofficial found marijuana in Susan's underwear. They had crossed intoNuevo Laredo, Mexico in the late afternoon and discovered they wouldhave to wait until morning for the appropriate visa for an extended stay.They decided to cross back into Texas to spend the night, and were on theU.S.-Mexico bridge, when Rosemary remembered she had a very smallamount of marijuana in her possession. It was impossible to throw it out onthe bridge, so Susan put it in her underwear.[26] After taking responsibilityfor the controlled substance, Leary was convicted of possession under theMarihuana Tax Act on March 11, 1966, sentenced to 30 years in prison,fined $30,000 and ordered to undergo psychiatric treatment. Soon after,however, he appealed the case on the basis that the Marihuana Tax Act was,in fact, unconstitutional, as it required a degree of self-incrimination inblatant violation of the Fifth Amendment.

    On December 26, 1968, Leary was arrested again, in Laguna Beach,California, this time for the possession of two marijuana "roaches". Leary alleged they were planted by the arrestingofficer, but was convicted anyway. On May 19, 1969, The Supreme Court concurred with Leary in Leary v. UnitedStates, declared the Marihuana Tax Act unconstitutional and overturned his 1965 conviction.

    On that same day Leary announced his candidacy for Governor of California against the Republican incumbent,Ronald Reagan. His campaign slogan was "Come together, join the party." On June 1, 1969, Leary joined JohnLennon and Yoko Ono at their Montreal Bed-In, and Lennon subsequently wrote Leary a campaign song called"Come Together".[27] On December 21,22 & 23rd his friend Stanton J. Freeman held a fundraiser at his club, TheElectric Circus to help fund his candidacy.On January 21, 1970, Leary was sentenced to 20 years in prison.Wikipedia:Please clarify On his arrival, he was given psychological tests used to assign inmates to appropriate work details. Having designed some of these tests himself (including the "Leary Interpersonal Behavior Test"), Leary answered them in such a way that he seemed to be a very conforming, conventional person with a great interest in forestry and gardening.[28] As a result, he was assigned to work as a gardener in a lower-security prison from which he escaped in September 1970. He later said

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  • Timothy Leary 7

    that his non-violent escape was a humorous prank and left a challenging note for the authorities to find after he wasgone.For a fee of $25,000, paid by The Brotherhood of Eternal Love, the Weathermen smuggled Leary and Rosemary outof the U.S. (and eventually into Algeria) in a pickup truck driven by Clayton Van Lydegraf. He sought the patronageof Eldridge Cleaver and the remnants of the Black Panther Party's "government in exile" in Algeria, but after a shortstay with them said that Cleaver had attempted to hold him and his wife hostage.In 1971 the couple fled to Switzerland, where they were sheltered and effectively imprisoned by a high-living armsdealer, Michel Hauchard, who claimed he had an "obligation as a gentleman to protect philosophers"; however,Hauchard actually intended to broker a surreptitious film deal. In 1972 President Richard Nixon's attorney general,John Mitchell, persuaded the Swiss government to imprison Leary, which it did for a month but refused to extraditehim back to the U.S. Leary and Rosemary separated later that year. Shortly thereafter, he became involved withSwiss-born British socialite Joanna Harcourt-Smith, a stepdaughter of financier Árpád Plesch. The couple "married"in a hotel two weeks after they were first introduced, and Harcourt-Smith would use his surname until their breakupin early 1977. They traveled to Vienna, then Beirut, and finally ended up in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1972."Afghanistan had no extradition treaty with the United States, but this stricture did not apply to American airliners",Luc Sante wrote in a review of a biography of Leary. That interpretation of the law was used by U.S. authorities tocapture the fugitive. "Before Leary could deplane, he was arrested by an agent of the federal Bureau of Narcotics andDangerous Drugs." Leary asserted a different story on appeal before the California Court of Appeal for the SecondDistrict, namely:[29]

    He testified further that he had a valid passport in Kabul and that it was confiscated while he was in aline at the American Embassy in Kabul a few days prior to the day when he boarded the airplane; afterhis passport was confiscated, he was taken to "Central Police Headquarters"; he did not attempt tocontact the American Embassy; the Kabul police held him in custody and took him to a "police hotel";the cousin of the King of Afghanistan came to see him and told him that it was a national holiday, thatthe King and the officials were out of Kabul, and that he (cousin) would get a lawyer and see that Leary"had a hearing"; on the morning the airplane left Kabul, officials of Afghanistan told him he was toleave Afghanistan; he told them he would not leave without a hearing and until he got his passport back;they said that the Americans had his passport; and he was taken to the airplane.

    At a stopover in the U.K., as Leary was being flown back to the U.S. in custody, he requested political asylum fromHer Majesty's government to no avail. Back in America, he was held on five million dollars bail ($21.5 mil. in 2006)since Nixon had earlier labeled him as "the most dangerous man in America." The judge at his remand hearingstated, "If he is allowed to travel freely, he will speak publicly and spread his ideas,"[30] Facing a total of 95 years inprison, Leary hired criminal defense attorney Bruce Margolin. He was sent to Folsom Prison in California, and put insolitary confinement.[31]

    Leary feigned cooperation with the FBI's investigation of the Weathermen and its radical attorneys by giving theminformation they already had and/or of little consequence; in response, the FBI gave him the code name "CharlieThrush". Leary would later claim, and members of the Weathermen would later support his claim, that no one wasever prosecuted based on any information he gave to the FBI.

    The Weather Underground, the radical left organization responsible for his escape, was not impacted byhis testimony. Histories written about the Weather Underground usually mention the Leary chapter interms of the escape for which they proudly took credit. Leary sent information to the WeatherUnderground through a sympathetic prisoner that he was considering making a deal with the FBI andwaited for their approval. The return message was, "We understand."

    Leary remained a productive writer in prison, sowing the seeds for his incarnation as a futurist lecturer with the StarSeed Series. In Starseed (1973), Neurologic (1973) and Terra II: A Way Out (1974), Leary transitioned from Eastern philosophy and Aleister Crowley to a belief that outer space was a medium for spiritual transcendence as his

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  • Timothy Leary 8

    principal frame of reference. Neurologic also added the idea of "time dilation/contraction" available to the activatedbrain through the cellular, DNA, or atomic level of reality. Terra II is his first detailed proposal for spacecolonization. Leary's muse peaked with Exo-Psychology, Neuropolitics, and Intelligence Agents.

    Last two decadesLeary was released from prison on April 21, 1976 by Governor Jerry Brown. After briefly relocating to San Diego,he took up residence in Laurel Canyon and continued to write books and appear as a lecturer and (by his ownterminology) "stand-up philosopher." His friend Stanton J. Freeman was dating Tanya Roberts and fixed up Learywith her sister Barbara Blum and they went out on a double date. At the end of the evening Leary handed Freeman abag of MDMA and said he should try them and let him know how he liked them. In 1978 he married filmmakerBarbara Blum, also known as Barbara Chase, sister of actress Tanya Roberts. Leary adopted Blum's son Zachary andraised him as his own. During this period, Leary took on several godchildren, including actress Winona Ryder (thedaughter of his archivist, Michael Horowitz) and current MIT Media Lab director Joi Ito.Leary began to foster an improbable friendship with former foe G. Gordon Liddy, the Watergate burglar andconservative radio talk-show host. They toured the lecture circuit in 1982 as ex-cons (Liddy having been imprisonedafter high-level involvement in the Watergate scandal) debating different social and fiscal issues from gay rights andabortion to welfare and the environment, with Leary generally espousing left-wing views and Liddy continuing toconform to a right-wing stance. The tour generated massive publicity and considerable funds for both. The personalappearances, a successful documentary called Return Engagement chronicling the tour, and the concurrent release ofthe autobiography Flashbacks helped to return Leary to the spotlight. In 1988, Leary held a fundraiser for Libertarianpresidential candidate Ron Paul.[32][33]

    While his stated ambition was to cross over to the mainstream as a Hollywood personality through proposedadaptations of Flashbacks and other projects, reluctant studios and sponsors ensured that it would never occur.Nonetheless, his extensive touring on the lecture circuit ensured him a very comfortable lifestyle by the mid-1980s,while his colorful past made him a desirable guest at A-list parties throughout the decade. He also attracted a moreintellectual crowd including old confederate Robert Anton Wilson, science fiction writers William Gibson &Norman Spinrad, and rock musicians David Byrne & John Frusciante. In addition, he appeared in Johnny Depp andGibby Haynes' 1994 film Stuff, which showed Frusciante's squalid living conditions at that time.While he continued his frequent drug use privately rather than evangelizing and proselytizing the use of psychedelicsas he had in the 1960s, the latter-day Leary emphasized the importance of space colonization and an ensuingextension of the human lifespan while also providing a detailed explanation of the eight-circuit model ofconsciousness in books such as Info-Psychology, among several others. He adopted the acronym "SMI²LE" as asuccinct summary of his pre-transhumanist agenda: SM (Space Migration) + I² (intelligence increase) + LE (Lifeextension), and credited L5 co-founder Keith Henson with helping develop his interest in space migration.

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  • Timothy Leary 9

    Allen Ginsberg, Timothy Leary and John C. Lillyin 1991

    Leary's colonization plan varied greatly through the years. Accordingto his initial plan to leave the planet, 5,000 of Earth's most virile andintelligent individuals would be launched on a vessel (Starseed 1)equipped with luxurious amenities. This idea was inspired by theplotline of Paul Kantner's concept album Blows Against The Empire,which in turn was derived from Robert A. Heinlein's Lazarus Longseries. In the 1980s, he came to embrace NASA scientist GerardO'Neill's more realistic and egalitarian plans to construct giantEden-like High Orbital Mini-Earths (documented in the Robert AntonWilson lecture H.O.M.E.s on LaGrange) using existing technology andraw materials from the Moon, orbital rock and obsolete satellites.

    In the 1980s, Leary became fascinated by computers, the Internet, andvirtual reality. Leary proclaimed that "the PC is the LSD of the 1990s" and admonished bohemians to "turn on, bootup, jack in". He became a promoter of virtual reality systems,[34] and sometimes demonstrated a prototype of theMattel Power Glove as part of his lectures (as in From Psychedelics to Cybernetics). Around this time he befriendeda number of notable people in the field including Brenda Laurel, a pioneering researcher in virtual environments andhuman–computer interaction. With the rise of cyberdelic counter-culture, he served as consultant to Billy Idol in theproduction of the latter's 1993 album Cyberpunk.

    Leary in the screwball comedy Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Mein 1992, where he played a supporting role

    In 1990, his daughter Susan committed suicide after years ofmental instability. After his separation and subsequent divorcefrom Barbara in 1992, he ran with a new entourage ofBaby-Boomer and Generation X artists and cultural figuresincluding people as diverse as actors Johnny Depp, SusanSarandon and Dan Aykroyd; Zach Leary; his grandson AshleyMartino and his granddaughters Dieadra Martino and SaraBrown; author Douglas Rushkoff; publisher Bob Guccione,Jr.; and goddaughters Ryder & artist/music–photographerHilary Hulteen. Despite declining health, he maintained aregular schedule of public appearances through 1994.

    From 1989 on, Leary had begun to re-establish his connectionto unconventional religious movements with an interest in altered states of consciousness. In 1989, he appeared withfriend and book collaborator Robert Anton Wilson in a dialog entitled The Inner Frontier for the Association forConsciousness Exploration, a Cleveland-based group that had been responsible for his first Cleveland, Ohioappearance in 1979. After that, he appeared at the Starwood Festival, a major Neo-Pagan event run by ACE, in 1992and 1993[35] (although his planned 1994 WinterStar Symposium appearance was cancelled due to his declininghealth). In front of hundreds of Neo-Pagans in 1992 he declared, "I have always considered myself, when I learnedwhat the word meant, I've always considered myself a Pagan."[36] He also collaborated with Eric Gullichsen on Loadand Run High-tech Paganism: Digital Polytheism.[37] Shortly before his death on May 31, 1996, he recorded the"Right to Fly" album with Simon Stokes which was released in July 1996.

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  • Timothy Leary 10

    Death

    etoy agents with mortal remains of TimothyLeary 2007

    In early 1995, Leary was diagnosed with inoperable prostate cancer.He did not reveal the condition to the press at that time, but did so afterthe death of Jerry Garcia in August.

    Leary authored an outline for a book called Design for Dying whichtried to give a new perspective on death and dying. His entourage (asmentioned above) updated his website on a daily basis as a sort ofproto-blog, noting his daily intake of various illicit and legal chemicalsubstances with a predilection for nitrous oxide, LSD and otherpsychedelic drugs. He was also noted for his strong views against theuse of drugs which "dull the mind" such as heroin, morphine and (asidefrom the occasional) alcohol. Noted for his trademark "Leary Biscuits"(a snack cracker with cheese and a small marijuana bud, briefly microwaved). His sterile house was completelyredecorated by the staff, who had more or less moved in, with an array of surreal ornamentation. In his final months,thousands of visitors, well-wishers and old friends visited him in his California home. Until his last weeks, he gavemany interviews discussing his new philosophy of embracing death.

    Movie poster for Timothy Leary'sDead

    For a number of years, he was reportedly excited by the possibility of freezinghis body in cryonic suspension, and he publicly announced in September 1988that he had signed up with Alcor for such treatment after having appeared atAlcor's grand opening the year before. He did not believe he would beresurrected in the future, but did believe that cryonics had important possibilitieseven though he thought it had only "one chance in a thousand". He called it his"duty as a futurist", and helped publicize the process and hoped it would work forhis children and grandchildren if not for him, although he said he was"lighthearted" about it. He was connected with two cryonic organizations, firstAlcor and then CryoCare, one of which delivered a cryonic tank to his house inthe months before his death. Subsequently, Leary requested that his body becremated, which it was, and distributed among his friends and family.

    He died at 75 on May 31, 1996. His death was videotaped for posterity at hisrequest, capturing his final words. During his final moments, he said, "Why not?"to his son Zachary. He uttered the phrase repeatedly, in different intonations, and

    died soon after. His last word, according to Zach, was "beautiful."The film Timothy Leary's Dead (1996) contains a simulated sequence in which he allows his bodily functions to besuspended for the purposes of cryonic preservation. His head is removed, and placed on ice. The film ends with asequence showing the creation of the artificial head used in the film.Seven grams of Leary's ashes were arranged by his friend at Celestis to be buried in space aboard a rocket carryingthe remains of 24 others including Gene Roddenberry (creator of Star Trek), Gerard O'Neill (space physicist), andKrafft Ehricke (rocket scientist). A Pegasus rocket containing their remains was launched on April 21, 1997, andremained in orbit for six years until it burned up in the atmosphere.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AEtoylearyJI1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prostate_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Garciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrous_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heroinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ATimothy_Leary%27s_Dead_%28movie_poster%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cryonicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alcor_Life_Extension_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Futures_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cremationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celestishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_burialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gene_Roddenberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Trekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerard_O%27Neillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krafft_Ehrickehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pegasus_rocket

  • Timothy Leary 11

    File releaseThe New York Public Library received many files, much unpublished, from the Leary estate in 2011. All of it will beput on display on September 18, 2013 for the first time for the public to peruse.

    InfluenceMany consider Leary one of the most prominent figures during the counterculture of the 1960s, and since those timeshas remained influential on pop culture, literature, television, film and, especially, music.[38]

    Leary coined the influential term Reality Tunnel, by which he means a kind of representative realism. The theorystates that, with a subconscious set of mental filters formed from their beliefs and experiences, every individualinterprets the same world differently, hence "Truth is in the eye of the beholder".His ideas influenced the work of his friend Robert Anton Wilson. This influence went both ways, and Learyadmittedly took just as much from Wilson. Wilson's book Prometheus Rising was an in-depth, highly detailed andinclusive work documenting Leary's eight-circuit model of consciousness. Although the theory originated indiscussions between Leary and a Hindu holy man at Millbrook, Wilson was one of the most ardent proponents of itand introduced the theory to a mainstream audience in 1977's bestselling Cosmic Trigger. In 1989, they appearedtogether on stage in a dialog entitled The Inner Frontier[39] hosted the Association for ConsciousnessExploration,[40] (the same group that had hosted Leary's first Cleveland appearance in 1979[41][42]).World religion scholar Huston Smith was "turned on" by Leary after being introduced to him by Aldous Huxley theearly 1960s. The experience was interpreted as a deeply religious one by Smith, and is described in detailed religiousterms in Smith's later work Cleansing of the Doors of Perception. Smith asked Leary, to paraphrase, whether heknew the power and danger of what he was conducting research with. In Mother Jones Magazine, 1997, Smithcommented:

    First, I have to say that during the three years I was involved with that Harvard study, LSD was not onlylegal but respectable. Before Tim went on his unfortunate careening course, it was a legitimate researchproject. Though I did find evidence that, when recounted, the experiences of the Harvard group andthose of mystics were impossible to tell apart — descriptively indistinguishable — that's not the lastword. There is still a question about the truth of the disclosure.[43]

    In popular culture

    Leary, John Lennon, Yoko Ono, and othersrecording "Give Peace A Chance".

    The Psychedelic Experience was the inspiration for John Lennon's song"Tomorrow Never Knows" in The Beatles' album Revolver. Leary oncerecruited Lennon to write a theme-song for his California gubernatorialcampaign against Ronald Reagan (which was interrupted by his prisonsentence due to cannabis possession), inspiring Lennon to come upwith "Come Together", based on Leary's theme and catchphrase for thecampaign.[44] Leary was also present when Lennon and his wife, YokoOno, recorded "Give Peace a Chance" during one of their bed-ins inMontreal, and is mentioned in the lyrics of the song. The Moody Bluesrecorded two songs about Leary: "Legend of a Mind" on their 1968album In Search of the Lost Chord in which the refrain is "Timothy Leary's dead. No, no, no, no, he's outsidelooking in", and "When You're A Free Man" on 1972's Seventh Sojourn, which laments Leary's exile and asks after"the children and Rosemary".

    He is also referred to in the song "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" from the musical Hair and mentioned briefly in TheWho's single, "The Seeker".

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Public_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counterculture_of_the_1960shttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pop_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reality_tunnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Representative_realismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Anton_Wilsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prometheus_Risinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=8-Circuit_Model_of_Consciousnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Consciousness_Explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Consciousness_Explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huston_Smithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous_Huxleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harvard_Psilocybin_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Give_Peace_A_Chancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AJlbedin3.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Psychedelic_Experiencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomorrow_Never_Knowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Beatleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revolver_%28The_Beatles_album%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_of_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come_Togetherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoko_Onohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoko_Onohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Give_Peace_a_Chancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bed-inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Moody_Blueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend_of_a_Mindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_Search_of_the_Lost_Chordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sojournhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aquarius/Let_the_Sunshine_Inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hair_%28musical%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Whohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Whohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Seeker_%28song%29

  • Timothy Leary 12

    While in exile in Switzerland, Leary and British writer Brian Barrett collaborated with the German band Ash RaTempel, and recorded the album Seven Up. He is credited as a songwriter, and his lyrics and vocals can be heardthroughout the album.[45]

    The movie Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, which portrays heavy psychedelic drug use, after a novel of Hunter S.Thompson, mentions Leary when the protagonist ponders over the meaning of the acid wave of the sixties:[46]

    We are all wired into a survival trip now. No more of the speed that fueled that 60's. That was the fatalflaw in Tim Leary's trip. He crashed around America selling "consciousness expansion" without evergiving a thought to the grim meat-hook realities that were lying in wait for all the people who took himseriously... All those pathetically eager acid freaks who thought they could buy Peace andUnderstanding for three bucks a hit. But their loss and failure is ours too. What Leary took down withhim was the central illusion of a whole life-style that he helped create... a generation of permanentcripples, failed seekers, who never understood the essential old-mystic fallacy of the Acid Culture: thedesperate assumption that somebody... or at least some force—is tending the light at the end of thetunnel

    American rapper Ill Bill makes a reference to Leary in his song "Acid Reflux" from his album The Grimy Awards.

    WorksLeary authored and co-authored over 20 books, and was featured on more than a dozen audio recordings. His actingcareer included over a dozen appearances in movies and television shows, over 30 appearances as himself in others,and produced and/or collaborated in both multimedia presentations and computer games.In June 2011, The New York Times reported that the New York Public Library had acquired Leary's personalarchives, including papers, videotapes, photographs and other archival material from the Leary estate, includingcorrespondence and documents relating to Allen Ginsberg, Aldous Huxley, William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, KenKesey, Arthur Koestler, G. Gordon Liddy and other prominent cultural figures. The collection will takeapproximately 18 months to process, and should be open to researchers by July 2013.

    References[1] Peter O. Whitmer, Aquarius Revisited: Seven Who Created the Sixties Counterculture That Changed America (NY: Citadel Press, 1991), 21-5[2] Greenfield, Robert, Timothy Leary: A Biography (Harcourt Books, 2006), 28–55[3] http:/ / www. newyorker. com/ archive/ 2006/ 06/ 26/ 060626crbo_books[4] http:/ / pabook. libraries. psu. edu/ palitmap/ bios/ Leary__Timothy. html[5] John Cashman, The LSD Story, Fawcett Publications, 1966, p. ?[6] Greenfield, Robert 2006. Timothy Leary:A Biography. Harcourt Books, 68–77.[7] http:/ / www. american-buddha. com/ aciddreams. playboyinterviewleary. htm[8] http:/ / behavioral. kaiserpapers. org/ tleary. html[9][9] Robert Greenfield (2006) Timothy Leary: A Biography, NY: Harcourt, Inc. p. 72[10] https:/ / www. psychotherapy. net/ interview/ nick-cummings[11][11] Jay Stevens, "Storming Heaven", Grove Press, 1987[12] LIFE on LSD (http:/ / www. life. com/ image/ 50711262/ in-gallery/ 50751/ life-on-lsd)[13][13] Cashman, John. "The LSD Story". Fawcett Publications, 1966[14] Ram Dass Fierce Grace, 2001, Zeitgeist Video[15] Goffman, K. and Joy, D. 2004. Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House. New York: Villard, 250–252[16] Dr. Leary's Concord Prison Experiment: A 34 Year Follow-Up Study (http:/ / www. maps. org/ news-letters/ v09n4/ 09410con.

    html#DOBLIN)[17] http:/ / www. lycaeum. org/ drugs. old/ hyperreal/ millbrook/ ch-04. html[18] http:/ / www. thecrimson. com/ article. aspx?ref=134589[19] Timothy Leary's Biography (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=eFaq_I24teQC& pg=PA341& lpg=PA341& dq="lisa+ bieberman"&

    source=web& ots=236S94QNic& sig=Nlux7IO1sAHogdI_dSayyznlJ1k& hl=en& sa=X& oi=book_result& resnum=1&ct=result#PPA341,M1)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ash_Ra_Tempelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ash_Ra_Tempelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seven_Uphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fear_and_Loathing_in_Las_Vegashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter_S._Thompsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter_S._Thompsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ill_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Grimy_Awardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Public_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allen_Ginsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous_Huxleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Burroughshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kerouachttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ken_Keseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ken_Keseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Koestlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G._Gordon_Liddyhttp://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/26/060626crbo_bookshttp://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Leary__Timothy.htmlhttp://www.american-buddha.com/aciddreams.playboyinterviewleary.htmhttp://behavioral.kaiserpapers.org/tleary.htmlhttps://www.psychotherapy.net/interview/nick-cummingshttp://www.life.com/image/50711262/in-gallery/50751/life-on-lsdhttp://www.maps.org/news-letters/v09n4/09410con.html#DOBLINhttp://www.maps.org/news-letters/v09n4/09410con.html#DOBLINhttp://www.lycaeum.org/drugs.old/hyperreal/millbrook/ch-04.htmlhttp://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=134589http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eFaq_I24teQC&pg=PA341&lpg=PA341&dq=%22lisa+bieberman%22&source=web&ots=236S94QNic&sig=Nlux7IO1sAHogdI_dSayyznlJ1k&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA341,M1http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eFaq_I24teQC&pg=PA341&lpg=PA341&dq=%22lisa+bieberman%22&source=web&ots=236S94QNic&sig=Nlux7IO1sAHogdI_dSayyznlJ1k&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA341,M1http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eFaq_I24teQC&pg=PA341&lpg=PA341&dq=%22lisa+bieberman%22&source=web&ots=236S94QNic&sig=Nlux7IO1sAHogdI_dSayyznlJ1k&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA341,M1

  • Timothy Leary 13

    [20] Timothy Leary's Biography (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=eFaq_I24teQC& pg=PA206& lpg=PA206& dq="lisa+ bieberman"+"International+ Foundation+ for+ Internal+ Freedom"& source=web& ots=236S95IScc& sig=4_NPomGJkrFhxvwSVsw-3uvNZf8& hl=en&sa=X& oi=book_result& resnum=1& ct=result. )

    [21] The Crimson Takes Leary, Alpert to Task by Joseph M. Russin and Andrew T. Weil, January 24, 1973 The Harvard Crimson (http:/ / www.thecrimson. com/ article. aspx?ref=495775)

    [22] Jay Stevens Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream, 1998, p. 208[23] The Psychedelic Experience: Readings from the Book "The Psychedelic Experience. A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead"

    Album Details (http:/ / www. folkways. si. edu/ albumdetails. aspx?itemid=1653/ ) at Smithsonian Folkways[24] http:/ / books. google. com/ books?

    id=eFaq_I24teQC&pg=PA641&dq=timothy+leary+%22michael+bowen%22&lr=&as_brr=0&client=firefox-a#PPA299,M1[25] Strauss, Neil. Everyone Loves You When You're Dead: Journeys into Fame and Madness. New York: HarperCollins, 2011, 337-38[26][26] FLASHBACKS an autobiography by Timothy Leary Chapter 28 page 236[27] http:/ / oldies. about. com/ od/ thebeatlessongs/ a/ cometogether. htm[28] RE/Search Publications – Pranks! – Timothy Leary (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20050328092027/ http:/ / www. researchpubs. com/

    books/ prankexc2. shtml)[29] People v. Leary, 40 Cal.App.3d 527 (http:/ / law. justia. com/ cases/ california/ calapp3d/ 40/ 527. html) (1974)[30] and also reportedly declared, "He has preached the length and breadth of the land, and I am inclined to the view that he would pose a danger

    to the community if released." Jesse Walker (2006) "The Acid Guru's Long, Strange Trip" The American Conservative, November 6, 2006.[31] Nick Gillespie, " Psychedelic, Man, (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2006/ 06/ 14/ AR2006061402139_pf.

    html)" Washington Post, June 15, 2006[32] Caldwell, Christopher (2007-07-22) The Antiwar, Pro-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr.

    Ron Paul (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 07/ 22/ magazine/ 22Paul-t. html?_r=1& pagewanted=all), New York Times[33] Gillespie, Nick (2011-12-09) Five myths about Ron Paul (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ opinions/ five-myths-about-ron-paul/ 2011/

    12/ 07/ gIQAu3vOiO_print. html), Washington Post[34][34] [www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,971015-2,00.html][35] The Cleveland Free Times :: Archives :: Circle Of Ash (http:/ / www. rosencomet. com/ starwood/ CircleofAsh/ CircleofAsh. htm)[36] Quote from CD: Timothy Leary Live at Starwood[37] http:/ / deoxy. org/ l_digpol. htm[38] "Groucho Marx" (http:/ / dialoguetalk. org/ paul-krassner/ groucho-marx/ ) Dialogue Talk.[39] Lesie, Michele (1989) High Priest of LSD To Drop In. The [Cleveland] Plain Dealer[40] Local Group Hosts Dr. Timothy Leary by Will Allison (The Observer Fri. September 29th, 1989)[41] Two 60s Cult Heroes, on the Eve of the 80s by James Neff (Cleveland Plain Dealer Oct. 30th, 1979)[42] Timothy Leary: An LSD Cowboy Turns Cosmic Comic by Frank Kuznik (Cleveland magazine, November 1979[43] http:/ / www. motherjones. com/ news/ qa/ 1997/ 11/ snell. html[44] http:/ / www. beatlesbible. com/ songs/ come-together/[45] Article, "It's Frothy Man", Mojo, issue #113, April 2003[46] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0120669/ trivia?tab=qt& item=qt0471605

    External links• TimothyLeary.us – biography, archives, links and more (http:/ / www. timothyleary. us/ )• The Timothy Leary Archives (http:/ / www. timothylearyarchives. org/ )• Lectures from the Leary Archive in audio format (http:/ / www. matrixmasters. net/ salon/

    ?category_name=timothy-leary/ )• Timothy Leary (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Society/ Religion_and_Spirituality/ Esoteric_and_Occult/ Personalities/

    Leary,_Timothy/ ) at the Open Directory Project• Timothy Leary (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0495276/ ) at the Internet Movie Database• UNLIMITED VIRTUAL REALITIES FOR EVERYONE! at ArtFutura 90 (http:/ / www. artfutura. org/ v2/

    artthought. php?idcontent=10& idcreation=65& mb=6& lang=En)

    http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eFaq_I24teQC&pg=PA206&lpg=PA206&dq=%22lisa+bieberman%22+%22International+Foundation+for+Internal+Freedom%22&source=web&ots=236S95IScc&sig=4_NPomGJkrFhxvwSVsw-3uvNZf8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result.http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eFaq_I24teQC&pg=PA206&lpg=PA206&dq=%22lisa+bieberman%22+%22International+Foundation+for+Internal+Freedom%22&source=web&ots=236S95IScc&sig=4_NPomGJkrFhxvwSVsw-3uvNZf8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result.http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eFaq_I24teQC&pg=PA206&lpg=PA206&dq=%22lisa+bieberman%22+%22International+Foundation+for+Internal+Freedom%22&source=web&ots=236S95IScc&sig=4_NPomGJkrFhxvwSVsw-3uvNZf8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result.http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=495775http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=495775http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=1653/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Folkwayshttp://books.google.com/books?http://oldies.about.com/od/thebeatlessongs/a/cometogether.htmhttp://web.archive.org/web/20050328092027/http://www.researchpubs.com/books/prankexc2.shtmlhttp://web.archive.org/web/20050328092027/http://www.researchpubs.com/books/prankexc2.shtmlhttp://law.justia.com/cases/california/calapp3d/40/527.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Walkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nick_Gillespiehttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/14/AR2006061402139_pf.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/14/AR2006061402139_pf.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/magazine/22Paul-t.html?_r=1&pagewanted=allhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nick_Gillespiehttp://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-ron-paul/2011/12/07/gIQAu3vOiO_print.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-ron-paul/2011/12/07/gIQAu3vOiO_print.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Posthttp://www.rosencomet.com/starwood/CircleofAsh/CircleofAsh.htmhttp://deoxy.org/l_digpol.htmhttp://dialoguetalk.org/paul-krassner/groucho-marx/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_%5BCleveland%5D_Plain_Dealerhttp://www.motherjones.com/news/qa/1997/11/snell.htmlhttp://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/come-together/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120669/trivia?tab=qt&item=qt0471605http://www.timothyleary.us/http://www.timothylearyarchives.org/http://www.matrixmasters.net/salon/?category_name=timothy-leary/http://www.matrixmasters.net/salon/?category_name=timothy-leary/http://www.dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Esoteric_and_Occult/Personalities/Leary,_Timothy/http://www.dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Esoteric_and_Occult/Personalities/Leary,_Timothy/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Directory_Projecthttp://www.imdb.com/name/nm0495276/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_Movie_Databasehttp://www.artfutura.org/v2/artthought.php?idcontent=10&idcreation=65&mb=6&lang=Enhttp://www.artfutura.org/v2/artthought.php?idcontent=10&idcreation=65&mb=6&lang=En

  • Article Sources and Contributors 14

    Article Sources and ContributorsTimothy Leary  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=577848814  Contributors: ***Ria777, 10stone5, 172.149.189.xxx, 2602:306:C496:7450:49C1:44B:F826:6EA2,2620:105:B000:6038:863:D43B:77FF:B934, 3finger, 4twenty42o, 555666fuckyou, A. B., A5, AED, AaronSw, Aaronbrick, Accuruss, Acheche, Ad Nauseam, Adamantios, After Midnight,AgentPeppermint, Aimulti, Akrabbim, Aleister Wilson, Alex.g, AlexOvShaolin, Alkivar, AnaJana, Anarcho hipster, Andrew Dalby, Andy Marchbanks, Angela26, AngryParsley, Aoidh,Apeiron07, April's Fool, Archaeon, ArchaicProvince, Artiquities, Arwel Parry, Arx Fortis, Asav, Ascend, Ashmoo, Aspects, Astronautics, AuQuebec, Auric, Avb, Ave Caesar, Awaggener,Axeman89, BONKEROO, Bakasuprman, Barfooz, BarrettJ, Barry Bozeman, Bbsrock, Beckettwatt, Bejnar, Beland, BenKovitz, Benbest, Bender235, Betacommand, Bhuston, Binksternet,Bjdehut, Blamo3000, Bmclaughlin9, Bobblewik, Bookandcoffee, Bootstoots, Brad Mosely, Brad7777, BrainTrust, Brainsick213, Bravepioneer, Brettz9, Brian Dare, Brian G. 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    Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike2.5  Contributors: Philip H. Bailey (E-mail)File:Leary-DEA.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Leary-DEA.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: DEAImage:Ginsberg-leary-lilly.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ginsberg-leary-lilly.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors: Philip H.Bailey (E-mail)File:Max Parrish as Eli Bud Fritz and Timothy Leary as Mr. Jones.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Max_Parrish_as_Eli_Bud_Fritz_and_Timothy_Leary_as_Mr._Jones.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: Tex BrookFile:EtoylearyJI1.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:EtoylearyJI1.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Gaaarg, JoiFile:Timothy Leary's Dead (movie poster).jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Timothy_Leary's_Dead_(movie_poster).jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Aimulti, DragonflySixtysevenFile:Jlbedin3.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jlbedin3.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5  Contributors: Roy Kerwood

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    Timothy LearyEarly life and educationPsychedelic experiments and experiencesLegal troublesLast two decadesDeathFile release

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