Technological Institute of the Philippines
Humanities and Social Sciences
Department
tirade
Came from Latin word [tirare]
“to draw” [tai ràyd, tī ráyd] Noun, plural –tirades a long angry speech, usually of criticism
or denunciation People became impatient with his
tirades
abnegate
Came from Latin word [abnegare] “refuse”, “reject”
[ábnə geyt] Verb conjugation- abnegates,
abnegating, abnegated To give up or renounce something There has been a debate whether or not
Rizal abnegated masonry.
PRONOUN
Came from Latin [pro+nomen] “something in place of a name”
Is a word that replaces, substitutes and takes the place of a noun
ANTECEDENT
Came from Latin [antecedere] “to go before or give way”
Is the noun being replaced, substituted and taken place by a pronoun
Pronouns
KINDS OF PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns
Nominative Objective Possessive
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
First Person
I WE ME USMY,
MINEOUR, OURS
Second Person
YOU YOU YOU YOU YOURS YOURS
Third Person HE, SHE
ITTHEY
HIM, HER, IT
THEM
HIS, HER,
HERS, ITS
THEIR, THEIRS
Illustrative Examples
The people have given their verdict.
The man lost his arm in an accident.
His dog accidentally bite its tail.
Relative Pronouns
Are pronouns that serve both as pronouns and as connectives
Relative pronoun connects dependent clauses with the main clauses by referring directly to the antecedent.
Illustration
We admire the man who is honest and industrious.
Tony picked the purse that was left in the park.
The Relative Pronouns
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
PERSONWHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHOEVER,
WHOMEVER, WHOSOEVER, WHOMEVER, THEY
THINGS, OBJECTS,
LIVING THINGS
WHICH, WHICHEVER, WHATEVER
PERSON/ THINGS
THAT, WHAT
Illustrative Examples
Products which are produced in the Philippines can compete internationally.
Flea market vendors whose goods were confiscated get them back yesterday.
A city that is clean is a walkable city.
Indefinite Pronoun
Pronouns that point out less specific antecedents.
Their opposites are the Demonstrative Pronouns which point out more specific antecedents.
Uses of Indefinite Pronouns
AS A PRONOUN Each has its own likes
and dislikes. Some are born leaders of
men. Sorry, I can’t spare any
for you. Neither is right between
these choices. I shall take both.
AS AN ADJECTIVE Each one has his own
likes and dislikes. Some people are born
leaders of men. Sorry, I can’t spare any
money for you. Neither one of you is
right. I shall take both tickets.
Common Indefinite Pronouns
SINGULAR PLURALBOTH
SINGULAR/PLURAL
EverybodyEveryoneOneEachAnotherNobodyNo oneSomeoneSomebody
AnyoneAnybodyEitherNeither
BothSeveralFewManyMostMore
SomeAll None
Illustrative Examples
Everyone in the class is quiet. Does anyone want to come? Few notebooks were submitted. Are both of them in the tennis
tournament? Some of the trees were cut. Some of the butter is melted.
Intensive-Reflexive Pronouns
Intensive Pronouns are pronouns that merely adds emphasis to the antecedent it substituted
Reflexive Pronouns are pronouns used to show that the doer of an action is also the receiver (object) of that action.
Intensive Pronouns
I myself will do it. The captain himself steered the boat. The boys did the work themselves. The judge himself asked the witness
some vital questions.
Reflexive Pronouns
The demented woman killed herself. The little boy accidentally hurt himself. You are jeopardizing yourself. The guard left the prisoners to
themselves.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Came from Latin word [demonstro] - “to point out”
These are pronouns which stand specifically for a person, place, thing, idea or event singled out.
The demonstrative pronouns
FOR MUCH NEARER FOR MUCH FARTHER
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
this these that those
This is the place where I lost my wallet. These plants are somewhat poisonous. That region is a protected area. Those students are late.
Interrogative Pronouns
These are pronouns which introduces a questions.
AT?O?ERE?EN?Y?
Illustrative Examples
What will help solve the ills of society? Who invented the stapler? Where did you put my things? When will be the next solar solstice? Why are you late?
In terms of number:
The pronoun and its antecedent must agree in number.
This girl loves her work, but these boys loathe their job.
A tree shook its twigs as the birds flapped their wings.
Many have mailed their applications.
In terms of gender:
The pronoun must agree with the antecedent it replaced.
Marlon was requested to bring his chair.Susanna agreed to have her records
reviewed.That hamster managed to get out from
its cage
In terms of gender:
If two antecedents differ in gender, better use masculine HIS.
Everyone is requested to bring his chair.
Every girl and boy must do his assignment.
In terms of gender:
Ships, airplane, countries and schools are considered feminine in gender.
TIP will keep in touch with her alumni.The Philippines can take pride of her
brave heroes.The Titanic sank during her maiden
voyage.
Cases of Pronouns
Just like nouns, pronouns have three cases namely:
1.Nominative Case
2.Objective Case
3.Possessive Case
Nominative Case
A pronoun is in nominative case when it acts as:
Subject of the Verb.Predicate NominativeAppositive of the subjectVocative/Direct AddressNominative of Exclamation
Subject of the verb
They nominated Vincent. We finally granted their request. She and her sister are planning a
surprise party.
Predicate Nominative
The architect of that mansion is she. The advocates of this program are they. It was I. It wasn’t they.
Appositive of the subject of the verb
Two students, he and I, will receive awards for good behavior.
We girls must be modest and dignified in our ways.
The class valedictorians are two boys, Jerry and I.
Vocative/Direct Address
“You, Nilo, where is your term paper?”
Nominative of Exclamation
“Unhappy you!” “Lucky me!”
Objective Case
A pronoun is in Objective Case when used as:
Direct Object Indirect ObjectObject of PrepositionSubject of the InfinitiveObject of an Infinitive
Direct Object
Mother summoned Mark and me. Mrs. Benzon invited the pupils and us. Todd punched the bystander and him.
Indirect Object
The chef served Allan and me a sumptuous dinner.
A mailman handed Rachel and him a heavy package.
Annie sold May and us some medicine.
Object of the Preposition
The teacher complains that his students have never reported to him.
Without them, this project would have never been completed.
The team members discussed their plans with coach and me.
Subject of the Infinitive
Rex asked her to deliver the message. Mercy required her pupils and me to
report to school on Saturdays. Would you like them to sing for you?
Object of an Infinitive
We found the culprit to be him. The carpenter offered to help us. Manny managed to fetch her.
Possessive Case
The possessive case is used to show possession.
Possessive pronouns followed by nouns are also called possessive adjectives.
Examples
Their car is in the repair shop. Of course, the enemy would not divulge
his secret weapon. Those books are hers.