TISSUE ENGINEERING IN REGENERATIVE

MEDICINE Submitted by:1. Suman Nandy 2. Syed Ahmed Tasnim3. Md. Moniruzzaman4. Abir Debnath

A Presentation on

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ,BUET.

CONTENTS

Definition Historical Background Need for Tissue Engineering Strategies to engineered tissue Basic Principles

REGENERATIVE MEDICINERegenerative medicine is the "process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function".

First cells are isolated.

Then the isolated cells are

manipulated expanded and or

organs are generated from reprogrammed

cells.

The modified cells are

transplanted into

patients.

TISSUE ENGINEERINGÐ Study of growth of new connective tissues/ organs from cells & a

collagenous scaffold to produce a fully functional organ. Ð Term TE covers a broad range of applications. Ð In practice-term is closely associated with applications that repair or

replace portions of or whole tissues i.e. Bone cartilage blood vessels bladder Skin

Ð Tissues involved require certain mechanical & structural properties for proper functioning. 

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1987, Term “tissue engineering” was coined at a

National Science Foundation (N.S.F.) bioengineering meeting in Washington D.C

VACANTI & LANGER,“A combination of the principles & methods of life sciences with that of engineering, to develop materials & methods to repair damaged or diseased tissues, & to create entire tissue replacements”

In 1994, TES was founded by Charles & Vacanti officially in Boston.

By 2005, TERMIS which included both Asian & European Societies, was created.

WHY OPT FOR “REGENERATION”??

The shortage of organs available for donation

Organ transplant rejection; These unlimited supplies of autologous cells like iPSCs could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection.

NEED FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING

Holds promise of producing better organs for transplant.

Correction of many incurable genetic defects. In-vitro construction of transplantable vital tissue. Revolutionize healthcare Supply of soft & hard CT on demand.

PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING

CELLS

SCAFFOLDS SIGNALLING MOLECULES

REGENERATEDTISSUE

Time

AppropriateEnvironment

PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING Cells Stem cells are the cells which are able to self renew and differentiate into mature cells

• Characteristics 1. Maintain and repair the tissues. 2. Regeneration. 3. Ability to develop into functional, differentiated cell.

PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING Classification of cells 1. Adult stem cells 2. Embryonic stem cells.

PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING

SCAFFOLDS• Artificial structure capable of supporting 

three-dimensional tissue formation.

• Allow cell attachment and migration.

• Deliver and retain cells and biochemical factors.

• Enable diffusion of vital cell nutrients.

• Exert certain mechanical and biological influences.

PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERINGSCAFFOLDS

Tissues are composed of Porous Cellsinsoluble extracellular

matrix (E.C.M.) soluble molecules that

serve as regulators.

PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERINGSIGNALLING MOLECULES

• Biological modifiers• Key to cellular events in host tissue• Stimulates or regulates the wound healing process.

APPLICATION

Cell Therapies Develop specialized cells that represent renewable

sources of cells & tissue for transplantation. Cell replacement therapy 1. Muscular dystrophies. 2. Retinal degeneration. 3. Alzheimer disease 4. Parkinson's disease, arthritis. 5. spinal cord injuries, & blood disorders.

APPLICATION (cont’d)

iPSCs are readily being used in personalized drug discovery efforts and understanding the patient-specific basis of disease.

In particular, the gene c-Myc is known to promote tumor growth which would have negatively affected iPSC usefulness in transplantation therapies but now Glis1 TF is being used.

Efforts to generate iPSCs accomplished the goal using retroviral vectors but now plasmids & adinoviruses are used reducing mutagenesis risks.

APPLICATION (cont’d)

Certified Therapies Bone marrow transplant Umbilical cord blood transplant

Innovative Treatments Autologous activated adult mesenchymal

stem cell therapies derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow.

Skin derived iPSC treatments

FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

Gene Expression & Protein SynthesisGenes are specific portions of DNA that code for proteins. Their role in protein synthesisActivation of transcription via cell surface receptors.Transcription of DNA code into mRNA.Processing of mRNA in preparation for transportation to cytoplasm.Transport of mRNA to cytoplasm.

SOFT TISSUE AUGMENTATION

Most commonly used applications of tissue engineering is in field of dermatology.

Treatment of extensive burns done by soft tissue augmentation.

REFERENCES

Vacanti, Charles A. "The history of tissue engineering." Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 10 (2006): 569-76.

Lynch SE, Genco RJ, Marx RE. Tissue Engineering: applications in maxillofacial surgery and periodontics.

Tissue engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Langer R, Vacanti JP (May 1993). "Tissue

engineering". Science 260 (5110): 920–6. doi:10.1126/science.8493529.

Stem cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Stem Cells: General Features and Characteristics.

Hongxiang Hui.

CONCLUSION