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Tissues and bodysystem

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Introduction

There is a similar organization within

living things

the first thing we saw were cells

Specialized cells are given specific

functions eg. carry messages, digest food etc

Cells work along side other cells in what

we call tissues

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Introduction contd

there are billions of individual cells

working hard in specialized jobs

These cells join into tissues, organs,

and systems

A tissue is a group of similar cells that

all work together on the same job

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Tissues

Eg tissues in your lungs are made up

of millions of similar cells working

together to transport oxygen to the

blood

Blood itself is a liquid tissue that

transports oxygen, food and waste

throughout the body

Different types of tissues come

together to form organs

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tissues

For example, the heart is an organ

made up of muscle tissue, blood

tissue, and nerve tissue

An organ has an important job, that

keeps the living thing alive

Like animals, plants also have

organs. Common plant organs are

leaves, stems, and roots.

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Categories of tissues

Epithelium

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

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Epithelium

Lines, covers, and protects othertissues and organs.

Characterized by:

Cells tightlyjunked togetherjunked together

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Connective Tissue

Tissue protects and supports.

Types of Connective tissue

Adipose- fatty tissue

Cartilage-

Bone

Blood

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Adipose (Fat)

Function as storage cells for adipose (lipids)

Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which inthe live cell contains lipids.

Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out toedge of cell membrane.

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cartilage

Jenna Hellack Jan

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Bone

Jenna Hellack Jan

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Blood

Jenna Hellack Jan

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Muscle Tissue Tissue with cells having fibers specialized for

contraction.

Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary) Parallel elongated cells (fibers), multinucleated and each cell is

the length of the muscle.

Smooth Muscle ( involuntary)

Cells are long and tapered. Organized into sheets of muscle.

Cardiac Muscle- heart muscle

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Nervous tissues

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NervousSystem

MuscularSystem

SkeletalSystem

CirculatorySystem

EndocrineSystem

IntegumentarySystem

11 Major Organ Systems

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Lymphatic

System

RespiratorySystem

DigestiveSystem

UrinarySystem

ReproductiveSystem

11 Major Organ Systems

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Respiratory

System Why do we need to breathe? All the cells in your body require oxygen. Without it, they couldn't move,

build, reproduce, and turn food into energy. In fact, without oxygen, they

and you would die!

What is the primary function of the Respiratory

system? It's purpose is to bring oxygen into your body. One of the products of

cellular respiration is carbon dioxide. Your respiratory system helps your

body get rid of that carbon dioxide.

Respiration is achieved through the mouth, nose,

trachea, lungs, and diaphragm.

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Respiratory system

So, it all starts at the nose? Yup. About 20 times a minute, you breathe in.

You inhale air and pass it through your nasal passages.

where the air is filtered, heated, moistened and enters

the back of the throat. When we eat, a flap -- the epiglottis -- flops down to

cover the windpipe so that food doesn't go down the

windpipe.

It flows down through the windpipe, past the voice box

or vocal cords, to where the lowermost ribs meet the

center of your chest.

There, your windpipe divides into two tubes called

bronchi, which branch into even smaller tubes much like

the branches of a tree called bronchioles. At the end of

these tubes are millions of tiny bubbles or sacs called

alveoli

Your alveoli bring new oxygen from air you've breathed

to your bloodstream. They exchange it for waste

products, like carbon dioxide

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circulatory

system What it does? It keeps the cells of the body alive. It is an important system

as it joins all the other systems.

The blood takes to the cells : food, oxygen and hormones.

The blood brings from the cells :carbon dioxide, heat, water

and other wastes.

White cells help to defend the body against infections and

platelets play a role in clotting.

The organs of the circulatory system

:the heart and blood vessels (arteries,

veins and capillaries)

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Circulatory

system

How it works?

Heart muscles do not need to rest.

The muscles work together so that the heart receives

blood into the atria and then pumps it to the lungs and

the rest of the body from the ventricles.

The arteries carry blood at high pressure and they have

thicker walls

The capillaries are only made of epithelium so materials

pass through them easily to and from the cells.

The veins have thinner walls than the arteries andreturn blood to the heart.

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Digestive System

What it does?

Food is taken into the mouth

and passed along thealimentary canal (gut).

Lining of the gut produces

digestive juices called enzymes.

The food is broken down or

digested. Undigested food

passes out as faeces.

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Digestive system

Organs of the digestive system

Mouth

Oesophagus Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

Anus

Associated glands

Liver

Pancreas

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Digestive system

The alimentary canal run as a very longtube from mouth to anus.

Its muscles are smooth muscles whichcontracts and relaxes automatically topush the food along as it is digested

Inner epithelium is specialised toproduce digestive enzymes or to

absorb food.

The liver produces bile, which breaksfat into small pieces. Pancreasproduces digestive juices

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Nervous System

What it does?

It gathers and stores informationand is in overall control of thebody. Allows us to think andrespond to changes.

How it works?

Nerve cells collect informationfrom the sense organs and otherbody parts.

Info goes to the spinal chord orthe brain.

Responding messages are sentto muscles which respond.

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Nervous System

The organs

Brain

Spinal cord

Nerves to body organs such

as the sense organs and

muscles

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Reproductive system

What it does?

It makes sexual reproduction

possible.

A special cell division occurs to

make sperm and eggs.

Sperm are produced in the

male which can be transferred

to the female

Eggs are produced in thefemale and after fertilization,

the embryo grows in the

uterus.

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ReproductiveSystem

The organs

Males: testes, sperm duct,

prostate gland, urethra, penis

Females: ovaries, oviduct(fallopian tube), uterus and

vagina

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Enjoy your weekend and remember

to start preparing for your for

presentations next week