Tissues

• Similar cells• Work together to make

organs• 4 types

– Connective

– Muscle

– Epithelial

– Nervous

Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Credits

Epithelial Tissue

• Covers/lines the body• Many functions• Made entirely of cells• Apical-basal polarity• Supported by connective

tissue• Special contacts• Regenerative• Classified by the number

and shape of cells

Simple Stratified Psuedostratified Transitional Glandular Home

Connective Tissue• Most distributed tissue• Four classes• Originates from mesenchyme• Varying degrees of vascularity• Nonliving extracellular matrix• Ground substance• Cells

– Fibroblasts– Chondroblasts– Osteoblasts– Hematopoietic cells

• Fibers– Collagen– Elastic– reticular

• Functions– Binding and support– Protection– Insulation– Transportation

Embryonic Proper Dense Cartilage Bone Blood Home

Muscle Tissue

• Gives body movement

• High cell count• Vascular• Three classes

– Skeletal– Cardiac– Smooth

Smooth Cardiac Skeletal Home

Nervous Tissue

• Makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves

• Controls body function• Neurons = nerve cells• Sends electrical

impulses through the body

• Cytoplasmic extensions

Home

Simple Epithelial Tissue

• Thin, single cell layer

• Functions– Absorption– Secretion– Filtration

Epithelial Squamos Cuboidal Columnar Home

Simple Squamos Epithelium

• Flattened cells in a single layer

• Disc-shaped nuclei• Sparse cytoplasm• Reduces friction• Diffuses and filtrates• Found in kidney

glomeruli, lining of the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic system, and serosae

Simple Cuboidal Columnar Epithelial Home

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

• Single layer of cube-like cells

• Large, spherical, central nuclei

• Secretes and absorbs• Present in secretory

portions of smaller glands, kidney tubules, ducts, and ovary surface

Simple Squamos Columnar Epithelial Home

Simple Columnar Epithelium

• Tall cells in a single layer• Oval nuclei• Ciliated or non-ciliated• Goblet cells • Absorbs and secretes• Non-ciliated = digestive

tract and gall bladder• Ciliated = small bronchi,

uterus, and uterine tubes

Simple Squamos Cuboidal Epithelial Home

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium

• Single layer of cells of different length

• Nuclei seen in different layers

• Secretes and propels mucus

• Ciliated or non-ciliated• In male sperm-carrying

ducts and trachea

Epithelial Home

Stratified Epithelium

• Two or more layers• Tougher than simple

epithelium• Regenerate

underneath

Squamos Cuboidal Columnar Epithelial Home

Stratified Squamos Epithelium

• Several layers• Protects areas

subject to abrasion• Forms outer part of

epidermis, lining of esophagus, vagina, and mouth

Stratified Cuboidal Columnar Epithelial Home

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

• Rarely found• Two cell layers• In some sweat

glands and mammary glands

Stratified Squamos Columnar Epithelial Home

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

• Hard to find in the body

• Found in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts

Stratified Squamos Cuboidal Epithelial Home

Transitional Epithelium

• Many layers• Basal cells = cuboidal • Surface cells = dome-

shaped• In the urinary bladder,

ureter and part of urethra

Epithelial Home

Glandular Epithelium

• Gland = one or more cells that make and secrete an aqueous fluid

• Types– Endocrine– Exocrine

• Classified by– The number of cells formed– Where the product is

released

Endocrine Exocrine Epithelial Home

Endocrine Glands

• Ductless• Produces hormones

containing amino acids, proteins, glycoproteins, and steroids

• Spread out in the digestive system and the brain

Glandular Exocrine Epithelial Home

Exocrine Glands

• Numerous• Secretes on surface• Can by unicellular or

multicellular• Many kinds

– Mucous– Sweat– Oil– Salivary

Glandular Endocrine Epithelial Home

Unicellular Exocrine Gland

• Goblet cell• In intestinal tract

and respiratory tract• Produces mucin

a.k.a. mucus

Glandular Multicellular Exocrine Endocrine Epithelial Home

Multicellular Exocrine Glands

• Classified by shape• Simple or compound

duct• Structure of secretory

glands• Secrete by exocytosis

(merocine) or by the rupture of gland cells (holocrine)

Glandular Unicellular Exocrine Endocrine Epithelial Home

Embryonic Tissue

• A.k.a. mesenchyme• Ground substance

with fibers• Star-shaped cells• The start of all

connective tissue• Found in embryo

Connective Home

Connective Tissue Proper

• Two categories– Loose connective

tissues– Dense connective

tissues

Connective Loose Dense Home

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose

• Divided into:– Areolar– Adipose– Reticular

Connective Proper Dense Areolar Adipose Reticular Home

Areolar Connective Tissue

• Gel-like matrix w/ all three connective fibers

• Has fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells

• Protects organs• Widely distributed

Connective Proper Dense Loose Adipose Reticular Home

Adipose Connective Tissue

• Matrix similar to areolar tissue

• Reserves food stores• Insulates against heat

loss• Supports and protects• Fat deposits give

nutrients to very active organs

• Found under skin, around kidneys and in breasts

Connective Proper Dense Loose Reticular Areolar Home

Reticular Connective Tissue

• Loose, ground tissue w/ reticular fibers in matrix

• Cells lie in a fiber network

• Forms a stroma that supports other cells

• In the lymph nodes, the marrow, and the spleen

Connective Proper Loose Dense Areolar Adipose Home

Connective Tissue Proper: Dense

• Fibrous connective tissues

• Three subclasses– Dense regular– Dense irregular – Elastic

Connective Proper Loose Dense Irregular Regular Home

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

• Collagen and elastic tissue run parallel

• Cell type = fibroblasts• Attaches muscle to

bone or to other muscles or bone to bone

• In tendons and ligaments

Connective Proper Loose Dense Irregular Home

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

• Same as dense regular but arranged randomly

• Fibroblasts• Can stand under

tension• Found in dermis,

submucosa of the digestive tract and forms fibrous organ capsules

Connective Proper Loose Dense Regular Home

Cartilage

• Can stand pressure and tension

• Avascular• No nerve fibers• Chondroblasts• Types

– Hyaline– Elastic– Fibrocartilage

Connective Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage Home

Hyaline Cartilage

• amorphous, glassy firm matrix w/ imperceptible network of collagen fibers

• Chondrocytes lie in lacunae• Supports, reinforces,

cushions• Forms the costal cartilage• Found in the embryonic

skeleton, the end of the bones, nose, trachea, larynx, and ribs

• Most common

Connective Cartilage Elastic Fibrocartilage Home

Elastic Cartilage

• More elastic fibers than hyaline

• Maintains structure and shape

• In the external ear and the epiglottis

Connective Cartilage Hyaline Fibrocartilage Home

Fibrocartilage

• Matrix similar to hyaline but less firm w/ collagen fibers

• Can compress• Resists tension• Found in intervertebral

discs, the discs of the knee, and the pubic symphysis

Connective Cartilage Hyaline Elastic Home

Bone a.k.a. Osseous Tissue

• Hard, calcified matrix w/ collagen fibers

• Osteocytes found in lacunae

• Provides base for muscles to move

• Protects and supports• Stores calcium,

minerals, fat, marrow• Site of hematopoiesis

Connective Home

Blood

• Plasma matrix with red and white blood cells

• Contained in blood vessels

• Transports respiratory gas, nutrients, and waste

Connective Home

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

• Attach to bones or skin

• Initiates and controls voluntary movement

• Long cylindrical cells w/ many nuclei; banded

Muscle Cardiac Smooth Home

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

• Propels blood into circulation

• Branched cells interlock at intercalated discs; striated

• Found only in the walls of the heart

Muscle Skeletal Smooth Home

Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Has no visible striations• Sheets of spindle-

shaped cells w/ central nuclei

• Found in hollow walls of organs

• Propels substances along internal passageways

Muscle Cardiac Skeletal Home

Home

Slide show by

Lauren Smith

Narration by

Lauren Smith

Thanks for the Photos…

Danielkenneth (Kleenex)

Donna Meyers (Epithelial Tissue)

Performance Health Group (Hand)

Dr. Schaefer from Washington U. (Fibrous Connective Tissue)

And (Reticular Connective Tissue)

Suchakar Ken Mcrae from Global Yoga Journeys (muscle)

Developmental Online (Simple Epithelial Tissue)

Cell Biology Graduates from the University of Texas (Stratified Squamos Epithelium)

McGraw-Hill Companies (Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium)

Harris from BIODIDAC (Stratified Columnar Epithelium)

UNM Valencia (Glandular Epithelium)

Department of Anatomy of Wisconsin U. (Endocrine Gland)

Pathguy at Kansas City U (Exocrine Gland)

The University of Western Australia (Multicellular Exocrine Gland)

Wikipedia (Mesenchyme)

Raenielyn from coffeblackandcigaretter.wordpress.com (Connective Tissue Proper)

And (Connective Tissue Proper Dense)

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (Connective Tissue Proper Loose)

Rest of the photos by

Lauren Smith and Cameron Tripp

Music (Pink Panther) by Henry Mancini