TissuesChapter 4

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What is a Tissue?

A group of SIMILAR cells that function together to carry out specialized actions.

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What is Histology?

Study of Tissues

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4 Types of Tissues

• Epithelial• Connective• Muscle• Nervous

Epithelial Tissue

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• Forms the coverings of all of the body’s surfaces

• Lines body cavities • Functions:

– Protection– Secretion– Absorption– Excretion– Filtration– Diffusion– Sensory Reception

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Types of Epithelial Tissue

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Simple Squamous

• Allows for diffusion, filtration, and osmosis

• Examples:– Lines heart– Lines Blood

vessels– Lines Alveoli

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Stratified Squamous

• Lining of smooth muscles• Superficial layer of skin• Esophagus, mouth, vagina• Aides in protection

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Simple Cuboidal

• Aides in secretion and absorption• Examples

– Surface of ovaries– Kidney tubules

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Stratified Cuboidal• Aides in protection• Examples:

– Sweat gland ducts– Male urethra

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Simple Columnar (NON-CILIATED)

• Lines: – GI tract– Gall bladder

• Aides in:– Secretion – Absorption

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Ciliated Simple Columnar• Located in:

– Respiratory tract– Fallopian tubes– Uterus– Sinuses

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Transitional

• Located in:– Urinary bladder– Uterus– Urethra

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Pseudostratified Columnar

• Aides in the movement of material• CiliatedUpper Respiratory tract

• Non-ciliatedEpididymus and male urethra

Connective Tissues

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Functions

• Bind structures together• Supports the organs and the

body (Framework)• Stores fat• Transports substances• Protects from disease• Helps repair tissue damage

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Types1. Areolar (loose)

• Stretchable, superficial, soft tissue

• Examples:• Surrounds blood vessels and

nerves• Attaches skin to muscles

(Fascia)

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2. Adipose:• Functions

– Stores Fats– Protects and supports– Insulates – Food reservoir

• Located anywhere fat is in excess

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3. Dense (fibrous):• Provide flexible but strong

connections• Examples:

– Tendons (Bone-Muscle)– Ligaments (Bone-Bone)– Aponeuroses (Muscle-

Muscle)

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4. Reticular:• Functions

– Forms network of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

– Provides defense against microorganisms

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• Bone->Compact and spongy

• Blood->55% liquid/plasma

45% formed elements

Specialized Types

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• Cartilage->Hyaline

Fibrous

Elastic

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• All have nerve supply (Except Cartilage)

• Very Vascular (Except Cartilage)

• All consist of cells and matrix– Matrix=fibers between the

cells

Muscle Tissue

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Components

• Made up of cells that can shorten or contract in order to produce movement in body parts

• Well supplied with blood vessels• Cells are long and slender

(muscle fibers)• Actin and myosin are contractile

proteins.– http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/acti

n_myosin.html

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3 Types of Muscle Tissues

1. Skeletal->regular (voluntary)• Aka. Striated (striped)• Many nuclei per cell b/c extremely long

2. Smooth->intestines (involuntary)• Non-striated

1. Cardiac->heart (involuntary)• Striated

Nervous Tissue

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• Located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

• Coordinates and controls many of the bodies activities

• Stimulates muscle contractions

• Creates awareness• Has a role in emotions,

memory, and reasoning.

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Membranes

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• Flat sheet of pliable tissue that covers or lines a body part

1. Mucous Membranes->line body cavity that opens to the outside

• Ex: Respiratory and Digestive Tracts

2. Serous Membranes->line body cavity that does not open to the outside

~Layers1. Parietal-attaches to cavity wall2. Visceral-attaches to organs

~Types1. Pleural2. Pericardial3. Peritoneum