TissuesTissuesOf The Human BodyOf The Human Body

Epithelial CellsEpithelial Cells

• Simple squamousSimple squamous– 1. single layer of flat cells1. single layer of flat cells– 2. Has a centrally located nucleus2. Has a centrally located nucleus– 3. Lines heart, blood vessels, air sacs, and 3. Lines heart, blood vessels, air sacs, and

forms serous membranesforms serous membranes– 4. functions in: filtration, diffusion, osmosis, 4. functions in: filtration, diffusion, osmosis,

and secretions of serous membranesand secretions of serous membranes

Simple cuboidal Simple cuboidal

– 1. single layer of cube shaped cells1. single layer of cube shaped cells– 2. has a centrally located nucleus2. has a centrally located nucleus– 3. covers surface of ovary, lines kidney 3. covers surface of ovary, lines kidney

tubulestubules– 4. functions in secretion and absorption4. functions in secretion and absorption

Nonciliated simple columnar Nonciliated simple columnar epitheliumepithelium

– 1. single layer of nonciliated rectangular cells1. single layer of nonciliated rectangular cells– 2. nucleus at the base of cells2. nucleus at the base of cells– 3. lines gastrointestinal tract from esophagus 3. lines gastrointestinal tract from esophagus

to anusto anus– 4. functions in secretion and absorption4. functions in secretion and absorption– 5. Contains goblet cells5. Contains goblet cells

Ciliated simple columnar Ciliated simple columnar epitheliumepithelium

– 1. single layer of ciliated rectangular shaped 1. single layer of ciliated rectangular shaped cellscells

– 2. nucleus at base of cells2. nucleus at base of cells– 3. contains goblet cells in some locations3. contains goblet cells in some locations– 4. lines portion of upper respiratory tract, 4. lines portion of upper respiratory tract,

uterine tubules, and central canal of spinal uterine tubules, and central canal of spinal cord.cord.

– 5. moves mucous and other substances by 5. moves mucous and other substances by cillary actioncillary action

Stratified squamousStratified squamous

– 1. several layers of cells1. several layers of cells– 2. cuboidal to columnar in deep layers; flat 2. cuboidal to columnar in deep layers; flat

cells in superficial layerscells in superficial layers– 3. forms superficial layer of skin; Lines wet 3. forms superficial layer of skin; Lines wet

surfacessurfaces– 4. functions in protection4. functions in protection

Stratified CuboidalStratified Cuboidal

– 1. Two or more layers where cells at apical 1. Two or more layers where cells at apical surface are cube shapedsurface are cube shaped

– 2. found in adult sweat glands and male 2. found in adult sweat glands and male urethraurethra

– 3. protection and limited excretion and 3. protection and limited excretion and absorptionabsorption

Stratified columnarStratified columnar

– 1. several layers of polyhedral cells; columnar 1. several layers of polyhedral cells; columnar cells are only in apical layercells are only in apical layer

– 2. Lines part of urethra and large excretory 2. Lines part of urethra and large excretory ducts of some glandsducts of some glands

– 3. functions in protection and secretion3. functions in protection and secretion

TransitionalTransitional

– 1. Appearance is variable1. Appearance is variable– 2. shape of apical cells range from squamous 2. shape of apical cells range from squamous

to cuboidalto cuboidal– 3. lines urinary bladder3. lines urinary bladder– 4. permits distention4. permits distention

Pseudostratified columnarPseudostratified columnar

– 1. Nuclei of cells are at different levels1. Nuclei of cells are at different levels– 2. all cells are attached at basement 2. all cells are attached at basement

membrane but all do not reach apical membrane but all do not reach apical surfacesurface

– 3. ciliated lines respiratory tract and 3. ciliated lines respiratory tract and nonciliated lines ducts of larger glandsnonciliated lines ducts of larger glands

– 4. movement of mucous and secretion4. movement of mucous and secretion

GlandularGlandular(endocrine glands)(endocrine glands)

– 1. Secretory products (hormones) diffuse into 1. Secretory products (hormones) diffuse into bloodblood

– 2. pituitary gland, pineal gland in brain, 2. pituitary gland, pineal gland in brain, Thyroid and parathyroidThyroid and parathyroid

Exocrine glandsExocrine glands

– 1. secretory products released into ducts1. secretory products released into ducts– 2. sweat, oil, ear wax, mammary glands, 2. sweat, oil, ear wax, mammary glands,

salivary glands, and pancreassalivary glands, and pancreas– 3. functions in production of : sweat, oil, wax, 3. functions in production of : sweat, oil, wax,

milk, saliva, and digestive enzymes milk, saliva, and digestive enzymes respectivelyrespectively

http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/GI002b.htm

Connective TissueConnective Tissue

Most abundant and widely Most abundant and widely distributed in bodydistributed in body

AreolarAreolar

– 1. Consists of fibers and several kinds of cells1. Consists of fibers and several kinds of cells– 2. found in subcuataneous layer of skin, 2. found in subcuataneous layer of skin,

around blood vessels, nerves, and body around blood vessels, nerves, and body organsorgans

– 3. functions in strength, elasticity, and 3. functions in strength, elasticity, and supportsupport

– 4. Holds organs together4. Holds organs together

AdiposeAdipose

– 1. Cells are specialized to store fats in 1. Cells are specialized to store fats in their cytoplasmtheir cytoplasm

– 2. Nuclei are located on outside2. Nuclei are located on outside– 3. found in subcutaneous layer deep to 3. found in subcutaneous layer deep to

skin, around heart and kidneys, and skin, around heart and kidneys, and padding around jointspadding around joints

– 4. functions in reducing heat loss, store 4. functions in reducing heat loss, store energy (lipids), supports and protectsenergy (lipids), supports and protects

FiberousFiberousDense Regular ConnectiveDense Regular Connective

– 1. Matrix looks shiny white, consists of 1. Matrix looks shiny white, consists of collagen fiberscollagen fibers

– 2. fibroblasts present in rows between 2. fibroblasts present in rows between bundlesbundles

– 3. forms tendons (muscle to bone) and 3. forms tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone)ligaments (bone to bone)

CartilageCartilage

– 1. Matrix is gristle like1. Matrix is gristle like– 2. Chondrites (cartilage cells) are found 2. Chondrites (cartilage cells) are found

in the matrixin the matrix– 3. Types:3. Types:

a. Hyaline (makes up esophagus)a. Hyaline (makes up esophagus)

b. Fibrocartilage (makes up vertebra b. Fibrocartilage (makes up vertebra disks)disks)

c. Elastic (makes up auricles of ear)c. Elastic (makes up auricles of ear)

BoneBone

– 1. Consists of osteons1. Consists of osteons– 2. Spongy bone constitutes a matrix 2. Spongy bone constitutes a matrix

(trabeculae) filled with marrow(trabeculae) filled with marrow– 3. functions in support, hemopoesis, 3. functions in support, hemopoesis,

serves as levers to move tissuesserves as levers to move tissues

BloodBlood

– 1. Consists of plasma, erythrocytes, 1. Consists of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytesleukocytes, and thrombocytes

– 2. found within vessels and chambers of 2. found within vessels and chambers of the heartthe heart

– 3. function in gas exchange and immune 3. function in gas exchange and immune responseresponse

Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

SkeletalSkeletal

– 1. Long, cylindrical, striated fibers with many 1. Long, cylindrical, striated fibers with many peripheral nucleiperipheral nuclei

– 2. usually attached to bones by tendons2. usually attached to bones by tendons– 3. function in voluntary movement and heat 3. function in voluntary movement and heat

productionproduction

CardiacCardiac

– 1. Branched striated fibers with one or 1. Branched striated fibers with one or two internal nucleitwo internal nuclei

– 2. Make up heart wall2. Make up heart wall– 3. Pumps blood3. Pumps blood

SmoothSmooth

– 1. spindle shaped, non striated, with one 1. spindle shaped, non striated, with one central nucleuscentral nucleus

– 2. controls involuntary movement2. controls involuntary movement– 3. walls of blood vessels, airways to lungs, 3. walls of blood vessels, airways to lungs,

stomach, and intestinestomach, and intestine– 4. Function in movement4. Function in movement

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

NervesNerves

• Consist of neurons and neuroglia Consist of neurons and neuroglia (supportive and connective cells)(supportive and connective cells)

• Neurons consist of cell body, multiple Neurons consist of cell body, multiple dendrites, and one axondendrites, and one axon

• Functions in communicationFunctions in communication