• Title = Shay’s Rebellion vs American Revolution

• Compare and Contrast Shay’s Rebellion to the American Revolution–Are they similar in any ways? How are

they different?

• Identify the important members, goals and conditions at the Constitutional Convention

• Analyze the compromises and winners and losers of the Constitutional Convention

• Use Slot 2…Rename the title “Compromise?”

• Should we compromise?• What is needed to achieve a good

compromise?

1. Articles of Confederation and why they fail2. Convention facts and who is there3. 2 Compromises in the Convention4. Principles – Federalism, Checks and Balances,

Separation of Powers5. 7 Articles, powers for each branch6. How a Bill Becomes a law7. How to make an Amendment8. Electoral College9. Ratification – Feds vs Antifeds10.Bill of Rights11.Supreme Court

• May-Sept 1787• AKA Philadelphia

Convention• Delegates from

12 of 13 states attended– No Rhode Island

• 55 delegates total– “Fear” was #56

• SECRET!!!!• Prayer to start

each meeting

• Rev War “Pen” members return to make a 3rd album…– Nationalists who still believed in republicanism– “We have, probably, had too good an opinion of human

nature in forming our confederation.” GW• Similarities…• Average Age = 44 (Franklin 81)• Occupations

– 32 Lawyers– 11 Merchants– 4 Politicians– 2 Military Men– 2 Doctors– 2 Teachers– 1 Inventor– 1 Farmer

• Big names there…– GW– Alexander Hamilton– James Madison– John Dickinson

• Big names not there…– John Adams– Thomas Jefferson– Patrick Henry, Governor

of Virginia refused to go• “I smell a rat in

Philadelphia”• Still favored states rights

• States voted for delegates

• Once delegates get job done, then what?–DISBAND!!!! Why?

• So they won’t be making laws there for their own benefit!!!

• Delegates worked hard during the day…

• Just fix the Articles of the Confederation!!!– That is all the Continental

Congress of the A of C authorized to be done!!!

• But the A of C will be “ripped up” and a new Constitution will be made– = some delegates – Will the sitting Cont

Congress be okay with this?

• James Madison– Shy but smart

and clever– Wrote most of it– Will blend the

philosophes ideas

• No Adams…

• Virginia…why?– Most population– Best prepared delegates– Will want something BAD!

• NJ sent– David Brearley– William Houston– William Paterson– William Livingston– Jonathan Dayton

• HOT summer of 1787…• Very Secret

– Windows shut– Guards present for protection

• Info of what happened comes from notes delegates made

• Info destroyed on purpose

Wherewill get itsideasfrom?

• Title = CC Quote• If this Convention fails

we would…“become a reproach and by-word down to future ages. And what is worse, mankind may hereafter, from this unfortunate instance, despair of establishing governments by human wisdom, and leave it to chance, war and conquest.”

• What does Ben Franklin mean?

• How does voting work at this convention?– By state (like 2nd

Cont Congress)• # of states needed to

approve an issue?– 7 of 12…simple

majority• The bigger # to worry

about…– 9 of 13 states have

to ratify the Const!!

• We know what is wrong with the Congress under the Articles of Confederation

• This issue gets heated in the room and takes time and ______to solve–Compromises MUST BE MADE–Convention almost collapses on this issue

(BF’s quote!!!)

• “Large State Plan”• “___________ Congress”

– Means?

• How is representation determined for each state?

• How is a representative picked for each house?– Lower house – popular

election in that state– Upper house – nominations

from state legislatures (questions here?)

• Congress can…– Tax and regulate foreign

and interstate commerce (why?)

– Veto (prohibit from becoming law) any acts from state legislatures

• Fed vs States tug of war…• VA Plan has 3 branches

– Philosophe’s “recipe”?

• Likes?–Big states (VA, PA, NY)

• Dislikes?–Small states (NJ & DE)

• Can this plan get 7 of 12 votes and then 9 of 13 ratifications?

• “Small state plan”• ____________ Congress

– Means?

• How is representation determined for each state?

• How is a representative picked for the one house?– nominations from state

legislatures…

• Where are the changes to the Articles of Confed?

• Close to VA Plan in some ways– Congress Can…

• Tax and regulate foreign and interstate commerce

– Fed Gov = 3 Branches too• Fed Gov vs States Tug of War?

– States would still win!!

• The Great Compromise–By Conn

delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth

• VA and NJ Plans?• How does

Congress look?

• Mixed Government!!– Every voice/class is heard

• Many examples in history of Mixed Government– USA

• Exec = one• Senate = few• House = many

– England• King = one• Lords = few• commons = many

– Rome• Consul = one• Senate = few• Plebians = many

• The 2 views of it at the Convention?– Abolitionists want it

gone (BF)– South must have it

or no Const…• “Every Republic in

history had it.” (Athens, Rome, Sparta)

• 20% of USA Pop is slave– 40% of South =

slave

• North wants each slave…–Taxed…why?

• South wants each slave…–To count in

population… why?

• Solution =– Each slave

counts as 3/5ths of a person• 3/5th for

population• 3/5th for

taxes

• Bigger winner?– South

• The 3/5 compromise artificially inflates the power of the south‒ Slaves are counted as a fraction

of a person but get 0 rights• So a landowner in South

Carolina with one slave now counts as 8/5 of a vote versus a landowner in NY who has a 5/5 vote.

• The Convention wrote in the Constitution for the debate to be put off for 20 years

• Only in 20 years can Congress talk about abolishing the slave trade– South got their way

again

• A certain topic of slavery was not written in the Constitution, which is a problem (loophole)

• North states = 35 reps• South states = 30 reps• 2/3rd Representatives

are needed to Propose an amendment in the House (where they start)–What does this mean

for slavery?

• Slaves called “other persons”…why?

• People did their part to fight slavery– 1777 – Republic of

Vermont– 1780 – Mass and PA– 1784 – Conn and RI– 1799 – NY…LATE– 1804 – NJ…LATE

– What would the 55 members of the 2nd Constitution Convention think they were doing to the Declaration of Independence and the ideas in it? or