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Title Slide
All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention
Injury Free Coalition for Kids
Definition
All-Terrain Vehicles
•ATV’s are 3 or 4 wheeled motorized vehicles first sold in early 1980’s as work and recreational vehicles
•By mid-1980’s, there were >100,000 emergency visits and about 350 deaths associated with ATVs annually
Characteristics
ATV Characteristics
Gasoline powered Knobby tires High center of gravity Engine displacement
50 to more than 500 cm3
May reach speeds of 60-75 MPH Designed for a single rider Designed for off-road use
History
ATV History
•300% increase in emergency department visits from 1983-1986
•Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) intervened in 1988 and 1998
- Banned three-wheeled ATV’s- 10 year consent decree required:
- warning labels- industry voluntary safety standards- nationwide training program- retailers not to sell adult-sized ATVs to children <16 years of
age
Injuries
ATV Injuries
•Since 1997, the number of ATV injuries has more than doubled!
- from 54,700 in 1997- to 111,700 in 2001
•During this time period, use of ATV’s has increased by only about 50%
•Injuries to children increased 57% between 1997 and 2001
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003
Common Injuries
Common ATV-related injuries:
Head injuries
Spinal trauma
Abdominal trauma
Abrasions and lacerations
Clavicle/extremity fractures and dislocations
Deaths
ATV Deaths
Deaths occur in:
•Collisions (56% of deaths)- more than half with fixed
object
•Overturns (35% of deaths)- backward more common than
forward
•60% occur on roadways
•Only 1% on ATV trails
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1998
At risk populations
Population at Risk•Children under 16 years old
constitute:‐14% of all drivers
‐40% of all injuries
‐35% of all ATV-related deaths
•Males are over-represented:‐3 times more likely to experience injury
‐Younger males most at risk
•Most children (95%) are operating vehicles rated for adults
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1998
Regulations
ATV Regulations
44 states have at least minimal ATV legislation‐ Typical legislation includes
parental supervision for young children, licensing/registration requirements, and bans on riding ATVs on public roads
‐ States without these laws have significantly higher death rates
AJPH, 91: 1792-1795, November 2001
AAP Recommendations
American Academy of Pediatrics
Recommendations, 2000
Pediatrics, 105: 1352-54, June 2000
Education about: • motorcycle helmets• eye protection• protective reflective clothing
AAP, cont’d
American Academy of Pediatrics
Recommendations, 2000Engineering approaches:
• seat belts• roll bars• headlights• speed governors
AAP, cont’d
American Academy of Pediatrics
Recommendations, 2000Legislation regarding:
• helmet use • banning 3 wheelers• requirements for licensing/certification• minimum driver age 16 years• prohibition of alcohol, passengers, and
ATV use at night
Summary
Summary and Recommendations
ATV injuries experienced by children are common and serious
Increased educational efforts are needed to alert parents about risk to children
Advocacy to increase helmet use and other safety behaviors may lead to decreased injuries
Existing laws need enforcement