8.L.5 Understand the composition of various substances as it relates to their ability to serve as a source of energy and building materials for growth and repair of organisms8.L.5.1 Summarize how food provides the energy and the molecules required for building materials, growth and survival of all organisms (to include plants)
• TLW describe food, analyze its molecular components and explain how it is used by living things.
Warm-Up• Update your Table of Contents• Write your homework – leave it to be
stamped• On page 8 answer:
– Your cells can’t eat a hotdog, so what do they do?
Date Session#
Activity Page#
2/25 5 What is Food? 8
The Simple Story of How Food Becomes Energy
9
• Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self)Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)
Photosynthesis
Starting Materials
Process Products
Energy (sunlight)Carbon DioxideWater
The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and makes food
Sugars Oxygen
• Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophsEx: animals and most microorganisms
Cellular Respiration
Starting Materials
Process Products
SugarsOxygen
The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy
Energy (ATP)Carbon DioxideWater
HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER:
• IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENDOTHERMIC OR EXOTHERMIC?
• WHAT ABOUT CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
• Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes, but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand.
• Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods…BUT HOW & WHERE DO THEY GET IT?
• Carbohydrates (Sugar)• Lipids (Fats)• Proteins
Water, vitamins and minerals are not a source of energy, but are also necessary for an organism to function
Nutrients – substances in food that provides body with raw materials and energy to carry out essential processes
Minerals and Vitamins
These are not food, but are necessary for organisms to carry out biological processes.
Minerals: (not made by living things)Ca (calcium): used for muscle movement, for nerves to carry messages between
the brain and every body part, for structural strength of bones and teethIron: needed by red blood cells to carry oxygen, used by muscles to store oxygen.
Salt (NaCl): needed to help maintain correct fluid levels, transfer information in
muscle and nerve fibers
Vitamins: (made by living things) most vitamins function as catalysts for reactions within the body. Many of the enzymes in your body don’t “work” unless their physical structure is changed by a vitamin
Food’s Pathway to Energy
• Does your body get the same thing from every type of nutrient?
Carbohydrates• Energy rich• C, H, and O• Simple sugars - glucose • Complex carbohydrates – made up of many
simple sugars attached to each other– Starch – potatoes, rice– Cellulose – make up plant cell wallsFound in cell membranes, other cell parts, and
store energy
Lipids (Fats)
• Contain more than 2x the energy of carbohydrates• Store energy• Protect internal organs• Insulate the body
Proteins • For tissue growth and repair• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions • Can be used for energy, but not as typical
Lipid Molecules (Fats)
Protein molecule
Carbohydrate molecule(Sugar)
The Simple Story of How Food Becomes Energy
1.How is the food you just put in your mouth being broken down so your cells can actually use it as energy?
2. Once it is small enough to be used by a cell what happens on the cellular level?
• You are part of a group of illustrators that work for a children’s book company.
• You have been hired to illustrate a book for elementary students about what happens to food when you eat it.
You will choose a specific type of nutrient (carbohydrate, fat, etc..) to focus on. Using your knowledge from this lesson, create a page for the book that illustrates:– The pathway from your mouth to your cells – how is it
used to create energy?– The source of your nutrient– Why it is important to your body – in other words,
what does it provide for you?
Assignment: Select which of the 5 major nutrients you will use for your book page.
Some Examples
• http://docs.abileneschools.org/groups/burtonsbiology2/wiki/67628/Adventures_of_the_Digestive_System_Childrens_Books.html
Warm-Up• Update your Table of Contents• Write your homework – leave it to be
stamped• Review your notes for 5 minutes to prepare
for your Biology Practice Quiz
Date Session#
Activity Page#
2/27 6 Biology Practice Test 10
Cell Layered Review 11
Cell Layered Review
• Based on how you do on your Biology Practice Quiz, decide which activity best suits what you need to review
• Cell Layered Review can be kept and used to study & checked on Friday even though you should finish today in class
