TM 9-1320 75-Mm Howitzers and Carriages 1944

8/12/2019 TM 9-1320 75-Mm Howitzers and Carriages 1944

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W R D E PA RT M E N T T E C H N I C A L M A N U A LAuth:

ORDN NCE M INTEN NCE

75-MM HOWITZERS

AND CARRIAGES

UNCUSS1FIED

a l l o c a t e d t o K G3 1 9 E n t r yN o . 3 8 2 } a n d i s n o w a s s i g n e dt o R G 2 8 7

DEP RTMENT

R E G R D S OU N C L A S S I F I E D00 D I R5200,1

10 PRIL 1944


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W R DE P RT ME N T T EC H NIC L M NU L

T M 9-1320

T his m a nual su per sedes TM 9-1320, da ted 20 June 1941; TB 1320-2, d ate d5 October 1943; TB 1300-4 an d TB Ord 49, date d M ay 1943 in so far

as these T echnic a l B ullet ins pert ain to the how itzers m entio ne d in thi sman ual T o gether wit h W ar Dep ar tment Lubric a tion O rders G u ides)

No. 63 and No. 76 this T echnical Manu a l supe rs edes OFSB 6-C-20,d at ed 25 M arch 1943; a nd OFSB 6 -C-26A, da ted 15 Februa ry 1943.

OR D N N CE M I N TE N N C E

75-MM H O W IT Z E R S

A N D CARRIAGES

W R DE P RT M EN T 10 P RI L 1944

FED D ISS EM IN TIO N O F R EST RI CTE D M T T ERinfo rm ation co n tained in restri cted do cuments and the essen tia l cha r

acteri st ics of restric te d mat er iel may be given to any p ers on known to be inthe serv ice of the Unit ed States and to persons of und oub ted loyalty a nddiscr etio n who are co opera ti ng in Go vern me nt work, but will not be comm unica te d to the pub lic or to the p ress except by a uthor ize d m il itary publicre lations agenc ie s See also pa ragraph 23, AR 380-5 , 5 M ar ch 1944.)


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W AR DEPARTMENTWashington 25 D. C, 10 April 1944

TM 9-1320 , Ordnance Maintenance: 75-mm Ho witzers and Carriages, is published for the information and guidance of all con ce rned.

I

A.G. 300.7 18 February 1944)1O.O . 300.7/129 3

G . C . MARSH ALL,Ch ief of Staff.

BY ORDER OF THE SECR ETARY OF WAR:

OFFICIAL:

J. A. U LIOMajor Genera l

T he Adjutant General.

DISTRIBUTION: As prescribed in Par 9a, FM 21-6 ; IBn 9 3); 1C 93).

IBn 9 T O 9-75 O rd Maint Bn

1C 9 T O 9-7 Ord MM CoT O 9-9 Ord HM C o FAT O 9-57 Ord Depot C oT O 9-318 Ord Base Arty Fire Co ntrol

Maint C o

For explanation of symbols, see F M 21-6.)


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TM 9-1320

CONTENTS

Paragraphs Pages

SECTION I. Introduction .................................... 1- 4 1- 16

II. Tools and equipment for inspection 5 17 22

III. Inspection instructions .................... 6 13 22 4 3

IV. Tools and equipment or maintenance and repair ........................ 14-16 44 52

V. Maintenance and repair instructions 17 18 52 53

VI. Maintenance of howitzer.................. 19-22 53- 62

VII. Maintenance of recoil mechanismincluding bottom sleigh .............. 23-24 62- 71

VIII. Maintenance of pack howitzer carriages Ml and M8........................ 25-32 72-113

I.. Maintenance of field howitzer carriage M3A3 .................................. 33-42 114-172

X. Lubrication ...................................... 4 3 172

XL References ...................................... 44-46 173-175

INDEX ..............:......................................................... 176-179


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TM 9 1320 1 3

Th is manu a l supe rsed es TM 9-1320, d ated 20 J une 1941; TB 1320-2, dat ed 15Octob er 1943; T B 1300-4 and T B Ord 49, dat ed 6 May 1943 in so far as the se T echnica l B ulletin s pertain to the ho w itzers m entione d in this m anual . Toget her

wit h W ar Depa rtm ent L u bricatio n Order s Guides ) No. 63 and No. 76, th isT echnica l M anual supe rsede s OFSB 6-C-20, d ated 25 March 1943; and O FSB6-C-26A, dated 15 Februa ry 1943.

S e ct ion I

INTR O U T ION

1 SC O PE

a. This m anu al is publi sh ed fo r the in formati on an d guida nc eof Ordn an ce m ain tena nce per son nel. It co n tains d e tailed in structio ns fo r insp ectio n, disa sse mbly , ass emb ly, mai n tenanc e , and re pairof the 75-mm howit ze r materi e l, supp lement a ry to t he instr uc tionsin the Field M anu als a nd Te chni cal Man ua ls prepa re d for the usin garms. T his ma nual d o es not c o ntain inf orma tio n wh ich is in tended prima rily for the usi ng arms , s ince such inf orm atio n is av aila ble toOrd nan ce m aint ena nce per sonnel in TM 9 -320 TM 9-3 19 F M 6-7 0,an d FM 6-1 10.

2 C H A R A C T ERIS T ICS

a. T he 75 -mm Pa c k How itzer M l or M1 A1 is m ou nted on eithe r o f tw o ty pes of carr iag es. T hese tw o typ es are the Ml and M8 m o difie d box trail and the M 3 A1, M3 A2, and M3A3 split trail carr iag es.

b . T h e Ml C arriage is arr ang ed for d ismoun ting in to mule pa cks,a nd the M8 is a dapted to par acr ate p acks fo r parac hu te d e livery.Th e M l C a rriage , wh ich is the mu le pack carri age , has wo o den wh e elsand s teel tir e s figs. 1 and 2 , while the M8 Carria g e is equi ppe d w ith comm e rcial au tom otiv e type wheels an d pne uma tic tire s figs. 3, 4,and 6 .

c. Th e M3A1 M3 A 2, and M 3A 3 a re the 7 5 -mm field ho w itzercarr iages an d m ay be dis tinguish e d by th ei r spli t trails , pneum aticti res, an d firing bases figs. 7, 8, 9, a n d 10).

d. T he ho w itzer tube, b ree ch m echa nis m, firi n g lo ck, top and bott o m slei g hs an d recoil m echan is m are th e same on bot h ty pes ofc arriag es.

3 DIF F E R E N C E S AM ONG M O DEL S

a. Th e M l and M 8 Pack Ho witz er Carri a ges are id entica l excep t for th e w he els and ax le arms. T he M l Carri age is equ ippe d wit hwoo de n w heels and ste el rims and br o nze bu shings. T he M8 C arriage


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TM 9-13203

ORDNANCE MAINTENANCE75-MM HOWITZERS ANDCARRIAGES

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INTRODUCTION

TM 9-13203


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T M 9 13 2 0

OR DN AN CE M A INT EN AN C E

7 5 M M H O W IT Z E R S A ND C A R R IA G E S


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INTRODUCTION

TM 9-13203

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TM 9-13203-4

INTRODUCTION

is equipped with rubber-tired wheels and tapered roller bearings.It is also equipped with a lunette for high speed towing.

h. The M3A1, M3A2, and M3A3 Field Howitzer Carriages arebasically the same carriage. The M3A2 Carriage is the M3A1 Carriage equipped with shields. The M3A3 is the M3A1 Carriageequipped with shields and combat tires with divided rims.

c. Two types of lunettes may be found in use with this weapon.The earlier type is a nonstandard fig. 4) and fixed type except forcomplete removal from the rear trail, paracrate packing, or for firing.

The standard type lunette fig. 5 ) is designed so that it may beretained in place and simply folded forward for parachute deliveryor for firing.

4. DATA.

a 75-mm' Pack Howitzer Ml and M1A1.

Weight with breech mechanism............ .......................................342 IbLength ........................................................................................15.9 cal.Rifling .................................. ........Uniform, right; one turn in

20 calibers; 2 8 grooves,0.03 in. deep

Diameter of bore between lands............................................... 2.95 in.Pressure max).............................................................. .....26,000 psi*

Muzzle velocity SHELL, HE, M48 w/charge 4) max) 1 , 2 5 0fps**Muzzle velocity SHELL,HE, M48 w/charge 1) min)..... 700 fps**

Estimated accuracy life. ....................................12 000 roundsBreech mechanism. ............................... .....Horizontal sliding wedge

Firing mechanism Firing Lock M13)........................Continuous pull

Range max)............................................................................9,489 yd

Rate' of fire:Short bursts..............................................................6 rounds per min

Prolonged firing............... .................................. ..3 rounds per minType of ammunition ........... ..Fuzed ixed, and semifixed,

complete round

Method of loading...............................................................HandWeight of projectile approx)......................................................14.6 Ib

Pounds per square inch.Feet per second.


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TM 9-13204

ORDNANCE MAINTENANCE75-MM HOWITZERS AND CARRIAGES

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IN T R O D U T IO N

T M 9 1 3 2

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TM 9-1320

ORDNANCE MAINTE N ANCE

75 MM HOWITZE RS AND C RRI GES

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T M 9 132 0

INTRODUCTION

b. 75-mm Howitze r Carriage s.CARR IAGES

Ml Pack)M 8

Airborn e) M3 A3 Fi eld)Weig hts:Howitzer and carriage in

firing p osition ...... ......... 1,269 Ib 1,440 Ib 2,225 IbH ow itzer and carriage in

trave ling positio n ....... 1,470 Ib 1,440 Ib 2, 300 IbT ype ............... ........... ............ Mo dified Modif ied Split trail

box trail box tr ailD im ensions, over-all, tra vel

ing position :Le ngth....... ................ ......... 145 in. 155 in.Width 48 in. 68 in .Height (zer o elevatio n) .... 37 in. 44 in .

R ecoil m echanism :T ype, M1A4 ......... ............ Hydropneu- H ydropneu- Hyd ropneu -

matic, con- matic, con- mat ic, cons tant with stant w ith stan t with

floa ting f loating f loatin gpiston p iston p iston

Transportation .............. .... 6-m ule t on, 4x4 V i ton,4x4pack truck t ruck

Airplane Limb er andglid e r caisson

6-horseteam

Tim e to empla ce........... ..... 3 min 3 mi nBrakes .................. ...... ........ None N one Me chanical,

hand Lunette re action... ............. 40 Ib 47 Ib

Tir es :Size ................... ......... ........ Woode n 6.00x16 8.0 0x16

w heelsw/steel

rimsRecommended p ressure .... 20 psi* 30 psi*

Sightin g equi pment:T elescope, pan oramic... .... MlE lbow telescope...... .......... \ M6 2 M62 Teles cope adap ter .............. M9 M9Mount, tel e scope, model .... M3 ,M 3 M16Teles cope, e lbow m odel .... M5Quadra nt, ra nge, m ode l .... M3

Poun ds per sq uare inch .


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TM 9-1320


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TM 9 1 320

INTROD UCTION

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TM 9-1320


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TM 9-1320

INTRODUCTION

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TM 9 1320

OR DNANC E MAINTE N ANCE75-M M HOWITZERS AND CARRIAG ES

Fire co ntrol equipmen t:F inder, range, 1-m ete r base

model ..... ............ .........

Ml Pack)

M 7

C ARRIAGESM8 A irb orne) M3A3 F ield)

M7 M7

Setter, fu se:

TypeMode l ....

Ha nd Han d Ha ndM22 M22 M22

M 14 ( sub.) M14 (sub.) M 1 4 (sub.)

NOT E: Refer to. p aragraph 3 fo r complete explana tion of differences bet we en Ml, M8 , and M 3A3 Carriages.Fluid u sed, spec ial recoil oilPressure a t 70 F .................Len gth of rec oil:

Norma lMaximum ........................Metal- to-met al .. .............

Elevation :

Ma ximum ................. ...' ....

Minimum ... ..... ............. ....

Ele vation per turn at h and-w heel ............ ............ ....

M a ximum when firing fromwheels with tra ils cl osed

Traverse:

Typ e ....................Maximum , right ............. ...

Maximum , left ..... .. ...........

Ma ximum total ....... .........

T raverse per turn at h and-whe el ...... ........... ...........

Maxim u m when firing from

w heels with trails clo sedEqu ilibrator:

T ype .......... ............. .....

*Pounds pe r square inch.

3pt1,250 psi*

25 to 31 in.32 in.

33.4 in.

+4 5 deg)+800 mi ls

+5 deg ) 89 m ils

24 m il s

3 pt1,250 psi*

25 to 31 in.32 in .

3 3.4 in.

+45 deg )+800 mils

+5 d eg) 89 mils

24 mils

3 pt1,250 psi*

25 to 31 in.32 in.

33.4 in .

+50 deg)+ 8 87 mils

+9 deg) 160 mils

29.5 mil s

380 mils

Axle3 deg

3 deg

(6 deg)106 mils

4.1 mils

Axle3 deg

3 deg

(6 d eg)106 mils

4.1 m ils

P intle2 2 deg30 mi n22 deg30 m in

(45 deg )800 mils

24.7 m ils

425 m ils

Spring 2) Sp ring 2) Spri ng 2)

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TM 9-1320

Sect ion II

T OO LS AN D QUIP M NT FOR INSPE CT ION

5 TOOLS A N D EQUI PMEN T O R INS PECTI ON

a. The followin g tools an d equipm ent a re issued to Ord nancemain tenanc e com pani es for u se in the inspec tion of the 75-m m ho witze r materie l.

C on nection, p ressure gagefig. 11).

Gage, pressu re, 200 kilog ramsfig. 11).

Jack, scre w , reco il pisto nfig. 11 ).

The p ressure gage conne ction isused in conjunctio n with the pressure gage when m aking a manom eter te st to determ inecom presse d ga s pressure a ndfloating pisto n friction.

The p ress ure ga ge is used whe nmak ing a manom eter test to d ete rmine comp ress ed gas pressure and fl oating pi ston fr iction.

T he reco il pisto n screw jack is used to forc e the reco il piston forw ardwhen m akin g a man ome ter test .

EQUILIBRATOR, A S SEMBLINGJIG LARGE)

E QUILIBRATOR,G ROU PA SSEM BLY D3 374

WING NU T

HANDLE

EQUILIBRATORLOCKIN G BOLT

RA PD 26 35

ig ure In spection To ols fo r R ec oil Mecha nism

17


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TM 9-1320

ORDNANC E MAINTENANCE 7 5-MM HO W ITZERS AND C ARRIAGES

{Tester, pressu re gage, co mplete The pressure gage testing appara-

(fig. 11). tu s, compl ete, is ca rried in th ebottom of the special rep air toolchest issue d for Ordnance ma intenan ce of the Ml and M 8 Carriages. It is c arried in a specialchest as issu e d for Ordnan cemaintenan ce of M 3A1, M3A 2,and M 3A3 Carriages. It is usedfor testin g accuracy of serv icepres sure gage C6385 (fig. 11)with mast er pressure gage B7 48(fig. 12). Filled with liq uid subjected to pressure by a scr ew,pressure is tr a nsmitted equa llyto both gages, causing gages toread the sa me wh en in adjustment,

To use tester, clamp in a vise by mea ns of lug on under side (fig.13). Screw

is withdrawn and ap paratus filled with recoil oil, before assem blin g pressur e gage,to eliminate air bubbles in connections. M aster gage is screw edin one arm of test er an d gage tobe tested into other arm. Ap plypressure by op era ting screw and handl e. C ompa re readings o v erentire range of gages. If gages arenot in ag reement, proceed as outline d below.

Adjust service pr essure ga ge byp ulling hand off spi nd le, usinggage h an d jack (fig. 14 ), and resetting hand in agre eme nt with mas te r gage reading. Us e smal lhamm er and gage h and set whenresetting hand .(fig. 15). R eading s are betw een430 and 2,300 pounds per squareinch (30 to 160 kilograms persqu are centimeter).

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TM 9-13205

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR INSPECTION

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TM 9 1320

OR DN NCE MAIN T ENANCE

75 MM H OWITZE RS AND C RRI GES

C AG E C6385


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TOOLS AND EQUIP MENT FOR INSPECTIO N

R A P D 14498

Adap ter A174910 (fig. 1 2).A dapter A17490 4 (fig. 12).

Gag e , pres sure, master B7 48 A(fig. 12).

Gaskets A17 4909, A 174896, andA174 903, a nd glasses A1715

(fig-12 )-Jack , gage han d A442(fig/12 ).

Used to connect gages to tester.Issu e d with all outfits, but used

only w ith 155-mm and 24 0-mmho witzer mat eriel.

Used to check acc u racy of servicepressu re gage. It is graduate d inp ounds per square inch as w ell aski logram s per squ are centimeter.This m aste r gage should b e calibr ated a nnually or a t any timethere is doubt of its accuracy.Ca re m ust b e exercised not to ja rinstrum ent unnecessarily.

Th e gaskets and glasses are spa reparts.

Used to remove service pressuregage indica tor hand, when not inagree men t with maste r gageh and.


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TM 9-13205-7

ORDNANCE M AIN TENANCE

75 MM H OWITZER S ND C RRI GES

Set, gage hand A174850 Used to plac e service pressure gage(fig. 12). indicator hand in agreement with

mas ter gage hand.

Thermometer, Fahrenheit. This th ermometer is gradua tedfrom minus 20 degrees to plus220 degrees. It is used for testing temperature of oil in recoilmechanism when making manometer test.

Section III

IN SPE CTION INSTRUCTIONS

a. Thorough, sys tematic in spection of the weapon is vital, and isthe best protec tion against an unex pected break down at a critic a lm ome nt, when maximum performance is absolutely necessa ry .

(1) To d etect faulty or careless preventive ma intenance, especially inadequate lubr ic ation.

(2) To determine whether adju stment, repair, or replacemen t ofpart s is necessary.

(3) To verify that all modifications authorized b y M odificationWor k O rders have been made.

a. Inspection should always be accompan ied by corrective meas ur es to remedy any deficiencies or defects found.

b. W hen any p art of the weapon is turned over to o rdnance, itwill be ascertai ned before re issue to troops that critical examination has been made, an d that all imperfections have been co rrected asoutlined in paragraph 6 h, above, in so far as conditions permit.

c. The re sults of inspection should be noted in the Artillery Gun

Book (O.O. Form 5825). Any unusual co ndition which might resultin improper o peration, damage to materiel, or inju ry to personnel,will be remedied immediately..

d. Suggested im provements in design and maintenance , andsafety and efficiency of operation p rompted by chronic failure or


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TM 9-1320

IN SPEC TION INSTR UCTIONS

malfun ction of the weapon, spare parts, or equipment sh oul d be for

warded to the Office of the Ch ief of Ordnance, Field Service Division,Maintenance Branch, with all availa ble pertinent information. Suc hsuggesti ons are encouraged in order that ot her organizations mayben efit.

e. Refe rence should be made fre quently to the Inspection Secti ons in T M 9-319 and TM 9-3 20, eac h of which contain s a list ofinsp ections which the using a rms are require d to perform. Only in spections which the using arms are not equipped for or pe rmitted tomake, are descr ibed here .

Part s To Be Inspec ted inOrder of Inspect ion

Tube (par. 2 0).

Bree ch ring (par. 21) .

(pars.24 and 12).

Points To Be Obs erved

Evidence of p owder fouli ng andrust.

Erosion of tube (par. 11).Wear and deformation of lands an d

grooves (star-gage, par. 10), pitting and past illes (par. 1 1).

Condit ion of breech ring att achingthreads.

Conditio n of eyebolt.Breech ring fo r fit on tube.Breec h ring threads for scores or

bruises.Breech reces s for b urs, sco ring, or

bruis es on b earing surfaces.Cond ition of e yebolt.Scored or bruised level ing plate s.In accordan ce with W ar Depart

ment Circu lar No. 209, 1943, alld ates of manufacture, inspection,acceptance, delivery, and oth erdates peculiar to individ ualitems, shou ld be eliminated fromall aircraft and airborne equipment. Obliterating the date bypeening is not sat isfactory. I t

shou ld be rem oved by grind ingand polishing.Prop er amount of oil in the system

(TM 9-3 19 or TM 9-320).Operation of oil index .

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TM 9-1320

ORD N ANCE MAI NTENA NCE

75-MM HOWITZERS AN D CAR RIAGES

Por t s To B e Inspec ted inOrder o f Inspec t ion

General.

Top sleigh (pa r. 26).

Bottom sleigh (par. 2 4).

Points To B e Ob s erved

Exam ine for excessive o il leakagepast the p acking of recoil piston,recoil piston rod. stuffing box, oil index, a nd filling and drain v alve.No rmally, a slight leak age of discolored oil past the pa cking ofthe recoil p iston and the recoi lpiston rod stuffin g box is in evide nce. This slight le akage past

these two packin gs insures lubrication.

Check gas pr essure (par. 13).Check floatin g piston friction (pa r.

13).C heck recoi l piston and rec oi l

stuffi ng box friction (par. 13).Respira tor in recoil cy linder rear

head clean .and op eratin g properly.

Examine the slei gh gui des for scoresor bruise s.

Operation of re coil indicator.

Condition of all welds, riv ets, bolt s,and sc rews.

Lubrication fittings ha ve a redcircle painted arou nd the m.

Lubrication fittings clean and fu nctionin g.

Ca rriage painted in accor dancewith r egulations.

N o loose, broken, or missing bolts,nuts, screws, or cotter pins.

Check co ndi tion of top sleigh Note.w hethe r cr acked or b roken.

Check o peration of top sleighc lamping latch.

Conditio n of top sleigh fro nt andrear hook s Not e w h ether burredor roughened.

See subpar agraph g, above.


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TM 9 1320

INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS

Por t s To e Inspected inO rder o f Inspect ion

Cradle (pars. 27 and 36).

Elevating mechanism(p ars. 29 and 39).

Traversing mechan ism(pars. 30 and 37).

Points To B e Ob s e rved

Check conditi on of cr adle. Notewheth er sprung, bent , or damaged.

Exami ne for broken or crackedwelds.

Examine s lides for scores o r roughspots.

F ront an d rear trunnion pins for wear, scores, and tightness.

Piston rod latch and latch lev er foroperation and condition.

Sight brack et mechanism for operation and condition .

Cradle lock for condition and op eration (M3A3).

Ease and smoothness of operati onthrough complete range.

Elevating crank backlash Ml an dM 8). Elevating h andwheel back

lash (M3A3 ).Rocker assembly for wor n or dam

aged teeth Ml and M8). Ele-, vati ng arc for wo rn or damagedte eth (M3A3 ).

Bevel pinion gears, worm wheels,and worms for worn or damagedteeth.

Flexible joints fo r condition(M3A3).

All bearings and bushings for wearor damage.

C heck operation through complete.ran ge.

Check for handwheel backlash.Examine trav e rsing rack for worn

or damaged teeth (M 3A3).Che ck worm, worm wheel, an d

ge ars for worn or damaged teeth

(M3A3).Flexib le joint fo r condition

(M3A3).All bea rings and bushings for w ear

or da mage.


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TM 9 1320

O R D NA NC E M A IN T E N A N C E

7 5 M M H OW IT ZE R S A N D C A R R IA G E S

P o rts To e In sp ec t e d in Or d er o f Ins p ec ti on

E qu ili b ra tor s p ar s . 8 and 3 5 ) .

T o p c arr iag e M 3 A3 )

pa r. 3 8) .

B ott om c a rr ia g e M 3A 3) pa r . 4 0) .

T ra ils p a r . 42) .

B rak e m ec h a n ism M 3 A 3 )par . 4 1 ).

Po ints To e Ob s e rv ed

C he ck a ct io n o f e qu ilib rat o rs b y d e pr e ss ing an d e lev a ti n g h ow itze r t hro ugh co mp let e ran g e .

E x a m in e e q u il ib ra tor sp rin g s for b rea k a g e.

E x a m ine th e b arr e l of th e eq u ilibr ato rs fo r ro u g h o r sco red w a ll s M 3 A 3 ).

C h ec k op er a tio n of to p ca rria ge.

E x am in e fo r c rac k s o r da m a g e.Pin tle p in b us h in g s a nd p intl e p in

fo r w ea r or sc o re s.E x a m in e for cra ck s o r d am a ge .C he ck w he e l ca rr ie r b u shi n gs fo r

w e ar or da m a g e.O p e ra tion o f w he el l atc h.F iri n g bas e lock fo r o p er a ti o n a n d

co ndi tio n .E xa mi n e tra ils a nd all sup p or ts

a nd fa s te n in g s we lde d to t rail sfor de fec ts.

C hec k co n d it io n o f ax le be ari ngs M l an d M 8 ).

E xa m in e t rai l c o n n ec tin g m ec ha n is m fo r o p er a tio n a n d co n di ti on .

C he ck co n d it io n of h ing es sp ade s sp ad e p o in ts lu ne tte a nd str ap s an d fas ten ing s .

N ot e tha t th e tr a ils sw in g fr e el y a n d th a t th e trai l h ing e p in s are p rop erl y lub rica ted M3 A3 ).

C h e ck th e br a ke s b y p lac ing c a rriag e in firin g p osi tio n . S et th e bra ke lev ers a n d n o te po siti on ofbr a ke r a tc h et p aw l o n b ra k e ra ck. If in la s t too th ad jus tbra ke p a r. 4 1 ).

R el e as e b rak e lev e rs a nd ro ta tew h eels . C he ck for po ssi b le d ra g .

C h eck br a ke linin g for w e ar o rd am ag e .

C he ck bra ke d ru m s fo r sco ring .

26


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TM 9-1320

INSPECT ION INSTRUCTIO NS

P a rts To B e Inspected inO rder of Inspecti on

Wheels and tires pars.

32and

Whee l car riers M3A3) par. 40).

Firing base M3 A3) par . 40).S hields M3A3) pa r. 3 4).

Lubr ication

Inspection and repair tools.

Po in ts To B e Observed

Check disk and rims for dent s ordistortion M 8 and M 3A3).

No te disk an d rim w heel nuts fo rcondition and tightness M8 andM3A3).

C heck tires for wear and proper p ress ure M8 and M 3A3).

Ch eck wheel b eari ngs for cond itionM8 and M 3A3).

Check hu b liners for cond itio n Mland M8).

Che ck w heel carrie rs for operation and conditio n.

Che ck for condition .E xamine shield s for damage.O pen and close right and left shield

win gs and check opera tion andcondition of hinges and locks.

Chec k braces for co ndit ion and

tightne ss.Examine all bo lts, screw s, andr ivets for conditi on a nd tightness.

Correct lubricant s used in accord ance with the pro pe r lubric ationorder.

Check inspec tion and special repair tools agains t list of c ontents.p asted on u nder side of specialrepair tool chest lid or a gainstlist given in SNL C-18.

Inspecti o n and special repair toolsare of such desi gn that, w it hproper handling and storage inre specti ve contai ners, they wi llrequ ire little care. In spect eachtoo l before a nd afte r use, and re move all burs wi th a smooth fileor oilstone. When plac ed in container, app ly a lig h t film of SA E30 engine oil, above +32 F ,SAE 10 from +3 2F to 0F, orspe ci al preserva tive lubr icatingoil, belo w 0F.


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TM 9-13208 1 1

ORDNANCE MA INTENA NCE

7 5-MM HOWITZ ERS AND CA RRI AGE

GUN

a. Comp lete instr uctions for u se are contained in the book. The gun book m ust a ccompany we apon at all times and b e available toinspectors. Instruc tions must be carried out arid posted in spacespro vided.

b. S hould the gun book be los t and the or iginal star-gage repo rtbe unobtainable, the inspect or may assu me that the-la nds of the75-mm Howitzer Tube Ml o r M1A1 , 35.75 inches from the muzzle,were within the manufacturing li m it of plus 0.00 4 in ch on the normaldimensio n of 2.950 inc hes at the tim e of proo f firing. If a star-ga gere a ding 2.960 inches is obtained (an incr eas e of 0.10 inc h o v er themaximum size of 2.950 in ches for a new tu be), the rem aining life ofthe h owitzer tube may be appra ised between 5 ,000 to 6,000 roun ds.

a. The average life of the howitzer tub e is approximately 12,000rounds. The howi tzers in service shou ld be star-gaged af ter app roxim ately 90 per cent of their estim ated accuracy life a nd thereafter ateach 10 p ercent during the remainde r of their se rvice.

b. T ub es are star-gaged any t ime an insp ector may find it a dvisa ble due to unusua l wear or other ir regularities in the bore.De copperin g of bor es of tubes is prohibi ted.

a. Star -g aging equipment is not issued to all Ordnance maintenance companies, but ma y be obtaine d fro m a he avy Ordna ncem aintena nce compa ny or the Ar my insp ector of artillery.

b. Inst ructions for star-gaging will be found in TM 9 -186 0.

c. When star-gaging equip ment is not -available, th e inspe ction re p ort on diameter of the bore at a po int 35.7 5 in ches from them uzzle must be recorde d as not taken. The point of maxim umw ear of the lands is 35.75 in ches from the muzz le.

a. The effect of scratches, n icks, pitt ing, scoring , etc., in th e bore,caused by accide nts, local defects

of thebore,

and imp ro per care, areas follows: T hey permit leakag e of gas past the ro tating ban d o f theprojecti le and thereby pr o mote eros ion of the bore. They also w earaw ay the rotat ing ba nd so that the pr oje ctile d oes not a ttain itsproper rotation al velo city . Such 'defects sho u ld be smoothed and

28


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TM 9-1320

INSPECTION INSTR UCT IONS

rou nded, and depending on their location , character, and exten t, itshould be determined whethe r such defects are apt to cause furtherdamage due to gas leakage and w ear on the rotating ba n ds. Nodefinite rule can be used in making this d ecision. T ubes badl y scoredbe yond the forcing cone must be reporte d to the Chief of Ordnancefor final action.

The ef fect of pastilles upon the safety and acc uracyo f the tube is negligible so far as ca n be dete rmined. However, as aprecaut ionary measure, tubes having more than th ree pastill es thesize of a 5-cen t piece, must be withdrawn from servic e.

Deformation of the rifling at the

origin, in general, consists of sheared lands and a flow of metal inthe grooves, so that the pitch of th e rifling for the first inch or twois considera bly reduced. T his is a serious defect, and tubes show ing itto a marked de gree are not to be reissue d.

Impressi ons are desirable foi accuratemeasure ments. Before making im pressions, c lean .the surfac e andmake all preparations prior to mixing the calcined gypsum, whic h setsrapidly. M ix calcined gyp sum, grade I, with water, thin enough toflow readily, and pour immediately, confining the ma terial to the

desired location by a wall of wood or other suitable substance. A fterpouring, allow to harden and set from to hours be fo re removal.

When circumstance s are such that the barrel canno t beseparated from- the breech ring, and a c omplete cannon must be substituted for a n unserviceable ba rrel, cut off the o ld bar rel about 3 inch es from the breech ring.

The re coil mechanism shoul d be inspected for oilleakage, pressure of compressed nitro gen, friction of the various packings, serviceability of oil in d ex, and condition of sleigh sli des (fig. 1 6).


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ORDNA N CE MAIN T ENANC E75- MM H OWITZE R S AND CA RRIA GES

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T M 9 13 20

O RDN ANCE MA IN TE N ANC E

75 -M M HOW ITZER S A N D C AR RI AG ES


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TM 9 1320 2 3

ORD NAN CE M AINTENANCE75 MM HOWITZERS A N D CARRIAGES

T o the reliability of the oil index, in sert theoil release in the oil filling and drain valve hole, located on the rightsid e near the front end of the recoil cyl inder. Drain the reserve oil.The oil inde x should start to move in before the oil ceases to flow,and sh ould recede wi thin the oil index follower when the reserve isexhausted fig. 17). Refill the mechanism as outlined in TM 9-320or TM 9-319. The oil index should start to move out afte r about liverevol utions of the oil screw filler. While injec ting the oil, tap the oilind ex lightly on each turn of the oil screw filler. If the ind ex does notmove out afte r about half the capac ity of the oil scr ew filler has been injected, it is an indic ation that there is someth ing wrong w ith themechanism. Correct as outlin ed in paragraph 24.

The oil reserve is that o il which separat es thediaphragm and fl oating piston when the weapon is in b attery. Withan oil re serve established, the pressure of the n itrogen is transmittedto the oil; and co nsequently to th e re coil piston and ro d, returningthe howitze r to battery and holding it there at all angles of el evatio n.This amount of oil is approximately one-half -an oil scre w filler full,or the amo unt required to ca use a properly w orking oil index to mo vethrough its ex tremes of move ment. T he maximum outward positionof the oil index is with the front face of the index flush with the extension on the oil index packing follo wer. The forcing of addit ionaloil to increase nitrogen press ure is

(1) R emove the recoil cylinder re ar head (respirator assembly)fig. 18). If clear oil is present, it indicates a leak past the recoil

piston fig. 19). C orrect as outline d in paragraph 24.(2) Examine the fac e of the oil index followe r for indication of

oil leakage fig. 17) . If a leak is present, tighten slightl y on thefollower, using great care not to bind the oil index. If leakage continues, r enew the oil ind ex packing (par. 24).

(3) Examine the seat betwe en the recoil and recuperator cylinders entering the yoke assembly. If an oil leak is present, themechanism should be sen t to b ase shop for repair .

Examin e for burs or scoring. When found, cor rect as outlined in paragraph 24.

a. In order that an intelligent and consistent insp e ction may bemade of the recoil mechan ism, it is essential that the inspector b einformed no t onl y as to its action bu t also with regard to certain ofits technical peculiarities w ith which he will come in contac t. The re-


41/183

TM 9-132013


fore, examination for excessive oil leakage past the packing of therecoil piston, recoil piston rod, stuffing box, oil index, and filling anddrain valve should be made. Normally a slight leakage of discolored oilpast the packing of the recoil piston and the recoil piston rod stuffingbox is in evidence. The slight leakage past these two packings insureslubrication (figs. 19 and 20).

(1) "Oil reserve or reserve oil" are terms applied to that portion of the oil which normally separates the floating piston from thediaphragm. Referring to the sectioned view (fig. 16), it will be ap

parent that the compressed nitrogen acts to put pressure on the oilonly so long as there is oil between the diaphragm and the floatingpiston. After these components come in contact, further movementof the floating piston is prevented and, consequently, the pressure ofthe oil will drop to zero. In amount, the reserve oil represents avolume corresponding to a movement of the floating piston of aboutthree-eighths inch, or exactly the same as the travel of the oil indexbetween its extremes of movement.

(2) In determining the nitrogen pressure, the inspector isactually measuring the pressure on the oil transmitted to it by the

compressed gas through the medium of the floating piston (figs.16 and 21).

(3) The oil, in passing from the vicinity of the pressure gageto the vicinity of the. floating piston, or vice versa, must pass throughvery small orifices. Because of the resistance offered in these orifices,if the .recoil piston jack is operated rapidly in either direction, a misleading pressure will be generated in the vicinity of the gage and registered thereon. For this reason the recoil piston jack screw must beoperated at not more than four turns per minute.

(4) The oil within the mechanism becomes sluggish at a lowtemperature. Its action through the small orifices is, therefore, erratic, and the reliability of the .gas pressure measurements under suchconditions is always doubtful. Therefore, if pressures must be takenin cold weather, it is necessary that the recoil mechanism and extraoil be in a room warmed to at least 50 F for 24 hours precedingthe test.

(5) Since the amount'of nitrogen gas originally placed in themechanism cannot increase, the pressure at any given temperaturecannot become higher except by moving the floating piston forward

so as to reduce the volume of the gas chamber. This can be accomplished if an excess of oil is introduced, as may be the case if the oilindex is stuck and the sticking is not noticed. Make sure the oilindex is registering properly by draining off some of the reserve oiland then restoring it. The oil index will move in when the oil is

37


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TM 9 1320

ORDNANCE MAINTENA NCE75 M M HOWITZERS AND CARRIAGES

RA PD 77074

Figure Cheeking Gas Pres s ure in Recoil Mechanism

drained and should move out as th e reserve is reestab lished. Failureof the oil index is almost invariably on the ou tward movement.

(6) If gas lea ks past the floating piston, it m ay be dete.cted bythe foam y appearance, and the sputtering of th e oil, w hen drainingoff the reserve oil.

(7) Place the bottom sle igh (re coil mechanism) in a horizonta l

p osition. R emove the filling and drai n plug located in the yoke.Connect the oil release fig. 22). As the oil releas e is screwed in,the reserve oil is released and should b e caught in the thermometer.The reserve o il should be allo wed to flow until the flow of oil practic ally ceases . The oil index should mov e inward beyond the face ofthe oil index follower.

(8) Make a record of the temperatu re. Keep the thermometerout of th e sun. This should rep resent as accurate ly as possible thetem perature inside the recoil mechanism.

(9) Disass emble the pressure gage connec tion by unscrewing thelarge hexagonal nut. Attach the smaller par t of the connection to theoil releas e, and attach -the pressure ga ge to the larg er part of theconne ction. Ass emble the two parts of the connection to the oil release, being carefu l not to break off the oil rele ase in the filling valv e.Make all joints tight enough to hold a pr essure of approximately

38


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TM 9 1320

INSPECTION INSTRUCTI ON S

RA PD 77068

Figure 3 R emovin g Respirator A s s e m b l y

RA PD 7707 1

Figure 24Using Jack Screw o n Ma nomefer T V if

39


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TM 9-1320 3

ORDNA NCE MAIN TENAN CE75 MM HOWITZER S A ND CA RRIAG ES

1,700 poundsp er square

inch.Sc rew the

fillingplu g into the

e nd of the pressure gage connection.

10) Unsc re w the res pirator from the rear end of the re coilcy linder, usin g wrenc h B104035, modifi ed by removing th e screwA185 72 and filing or grin ding the Va-inch slo t one-s ixteenth inchdeep which is necessary to clear the hea d of the scr ew A15925 of therespirat or assem bly C5794.

11) Retr act the. screw of th e recoil piston screw jack B102 874in the nu t until the cap on th e screw contacts th e nut, then screw th enut firmly into the cyli nder. This method of assembling the screwjack is necessary to prev ent scratching the recoi l cylinder wa lls withthe recoil pisto n screw jack.

12) Purge the line of a ir b y forcing the recoi l pi ston to the rear by me ans of the recoil pi ston screw jack, and by forcing oil and airout the end of the pr essure gage connection into wh ich the filling plughas be en screwed loosely. Wh en the oil flows free of al l air bubb lestighten the fillin g plug into the pressure gage conn ection.

1) Move the re co il piston forward by means of the rec oil pistonscrew jac k un til the oil inde x ind icates that the re is a full oil reserv ein th e recoil mechanism .

NOTE: I t is nec essary that the oil index be opera ting properly.Chec k it in acc ordance wi th parag raph 12 h. W h en the oil index is outuntil it pro trudes flush w ith th e extension on ^the oil index follower, read t h e pressure gage This readin g re prese nts the gas pressure plus the friction of the float ing piston

AP -j- F). Make a note of the gage reading.2) Cont inue turning the ja ck screw five more revolutions, the n

reverse the direc tion of the jack sc rew, unscre wing for five revo lutions, moving at a rate of four turns per minute . O n the fifth revolution, a nd whil e the piston screw jack is in m otion , read the gage asecond time. This reading repr esents the nitrogen pre ssure m inusthe fricti on of the floa ting piston AP F). M ake a not e of thereading.

3) It is necessar y that th e above re adings b e taken a suffic ient

number of time s to obtain three co nsecutive un iform read ings. Thea verag e of three un ifor m readings of AP F and three uniformrea dings of AP F will be used for making the final computationof the nit rogen pres sure AP ) and the friction of the flo ating piston F).


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TM 9 132013

INSPECTION INSTRUC TIO NS

(4) I t must be remembered that it is the s liding friction of thefloating piston, and not the standing friction, that is to be deducted.

Therefore the floating piston must be in motion (the piston screw jac k must be turning) when the reading is tak en on the pressure gage.

(5 ) The nitrogen pressure in the mechanism is One-half thesum of the AP F and AP F readings .

AP= AP F ) (AP F)

2EXAM PLE:

AP -)- F reading = 1,435 pounds pe r square inch.

AP F reading = 1,065 pounds per square inch.Add th ese readings tog ether = 2,500

Divide the an swer by 2 1,2501,250 pounds per squ are inch is th e nitrog en pressu re of the recoilmechanism.

(6) The friction of the floating piston is one-half the differencebetw een AP -f F and AP F reading.

F = (AP F) (AP F)

EXAMPLE:AP F reading = 1,435 pounds per square inch.AP F readin g = 1,065 pound s per s quare inch.

Subtract the AP F reading from the AP -f F reading. The resultis 370 pounds per squa re inch, or twice the friction of the floatingpiston. Divid e 370 by 2, and the result is 185 pounds per squareinch. This is the friction of the floating pisto n.

(7) The frict ion of the floating piston, and the fr iction of the

recoil p iston and stuffing box in mechanism s that have been assembled for consi derable periods wil l increase to high fr iction owingto the absorption of oil by .the packi ngs. The normal pressure to overcome the frict ion of the floating piston is 185 pound s per squareinch. The friction of the flo ating piston may vary between the lim itsof 125 and 400 p ounds per square inch. If not within these limits,and exercise of the mechani sm fails to lower frictions, the conditi onof the mechanism will be report ed to the Chief of Ordna nce.

(1) The recoil mechanism was initial ly charged with nit rogen ata pressure of 1,250 pounds per square inch with out reserve (floatingpis ton in direct contact with diaphrag m).

41


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TM 9-13203

ORDNANCE M AINTENANCE75 -M M HOWITZERS AND CA RRIAGES

NO TE: Th e chan ge in nitroge n pressure wh en a full o l re serveis a dded is incons equ ential, since it d oes not a ffect th e service pr essure gages. .

(2) The nitro ge n pressu re varies direc tly in propo rti on-.with thete m perature . Since ab so lute zer o is 46 0F , 70 F is 53 0F

absolu te temperatu re.(3) 1,250 d ivided by 53 0 is 2.3 6 pounds per squ a re inch ch ange

in pressu re for e ac h degree F ahrenh ei t change in tempera tu re.

EX AM PLE : Te mpe rature of the recoil mec hanis m is 8 4F .84 70 = 1414 X 2 .36 = 33 poun ds per sq u are inch. 1,250 33 1,283 po unds p er s quare inc h

the cor rect nitrog en pressur e for 84F ).Tem per ature of recoil m ech anism is 61F. 70 6 1 = 9 X 2.36 = 21 poun ds per squ are inch.1,250 21 1,229 p ound s per sq ua re in ch

(t h e c orrec t nitrogen pressu re for 61F) .(4) The co rre ct nitroge n pressur es a t vario us temp e ratures m ay

b e foun d b y referri ng to trie ta ble be low :Temperatur e Pressure Temperatu re Pressure

d e< j F) Ibpe rsqln.) de g F) Mb pe r s q In.)

5 1 2 0 3 1 1 3 2 15 5 1 2 1 5 1 0 5 1 3 336 1 2 2 6 1 1 1 3 4 46 1 2 38 1 1 5 1 3 567 1 2 50 1 2 0 1 3 6 87 1 2 6 2 1 25 1 3 8 08 1 2 7 4 1 3 1 3 9 2

8 5 1 2 85 1 3 5 1 4 039 1 2 9 7 1 4 0 1 4 159 5 1 3 0 9

N OTE: T he recoil me chanis m is cons idere d ser vi ceable with av ariatio n of plu s or minus 50 pound s per squ a re inch. If not wi thi nthese lim it s, the co ndi tion o f th e reco il m echan ism with full detai lsmu st be rep ort ed to the Chief of O rdnan ce.

1) F orce the recoil piston to the rea r about 2 inches ) b ym eans o f the scre w jac k, pe rm itting the o l to escap e thr ough the o lre le ase B10 3913. Do not re mo ve j ack.

(2) A ttac h pres sur e gage to o l releas e fig. 22) .(3 ) Fo rce the re coil pisto n forw ard , by m ean s of the scre w jack ,

un ti l the gage shows 1,200 to 1,500 pound s per sq u are in ch p ressure .


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TM 9 1320 3

INSPECT ION INSTRUCTIONS

(4) Reverse the moti on of the jack screw, turning no faster thanfour turns per m inute, until the jack head is no longer in contact with

the re coil piston. The pisto n will follow the jack head until thefriction develo ped by the reco il piston and stuffing box packingsequal s the pressure in the cylinder. Since the oil pressure in thecylinder is gre ater than that requ ired to overcome the friction untilequal iz ed, the gage hand drops without fluctuating, and remainsstationary whe n the piston rod stops moving.

R A PD 76707

(5) Read the gage. Th e gage reading at this point represents thesum of the friction of the recoil pist on and the friction in the rec oilpiston rod stuffing box.

(6) Obtain three consecutive u niform gage readings. NOTE:Exercise the piston by repe at ing operations (steps (3), 4), and 5),a bove) a sufficient number of times until the thr ee consecutive gage

readings are practically un iform. This is important since true fric tionrea dings cannot be obtained until the packings are well lubricated.

(7) The normal pres sure necessary to overcome the comb inedfriction of the re coil piston and piston rod stuffing box is 450 pounds

per squ are inch. This ma y vary from 350 to 800 p ounds per sq uareinch. Recoil mec hanisms having excessively low or high friction shouldbe rep orted to the Chief of Ordna nce (par. 24).

(8) Re-esta blish the oil re serve in the system (TM 9-320)(fig- 25).

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TM 9-1320


Sect ion IV

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR MAINTENANCEAND REPAIR

a. Special repair tools and equipment required for the maintenance and repair of the 75-mm Howitzer materiel are listed in

SNL.C-18. These tools and equipment are carried in tool chestsD5433 and D32123 (figs. 26 and 27).

b. Chest D5433 contains tools and equipment for 75-mm PackHowitzers Ml and M1A1 and 75-mm Howitzer Carriages Ml andM8. The space occupied by this chest is 1 cubic feet, the dimensions being: 20% inches long, 12% inches wide, and 10 inches high.

c. Chest D32123 contains tools and equipment for 75-mmHowitzers Ml and M1A1 and 75-mm Field Howitzer. CarriagesM3A1, M3A2, and M3A3. The space occupied by this chest is 2%

.cubic feet, the dimensions being: 27 5/s inches long, 12 5/s inches wide,and 12%,; inches high. ;

Each chest contains a Tool RollM4 (figs. 28 and 29) which contains -an assortment of tools for general use in work on the materiel. SNL C-18 lists the proper tools tobe carried in each of these rolls. c

e. Those tools, however, which are of special design and not commonly used, are described and their uses prescribed below. Thesespecial tools, like co m m o n -tools, are listed in SNL C-18.

Bolt, equilibrator locking, The equilibrator locking or assem-A140673 (fig. 31). bly bolt is 22 inches long,

threaded V2-13NC-2on one end,and knurled on the other end.The purpose of the bolt is tofacilitate the assembly of equi-librators of Carriages M3A1,M3A2,' and M3A3, and to retainequilibrators as units when making adjustments or when replacing equilibrators (par. 35).

4 4


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TM 9-13201 5

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

RA PD 76703

Figure 26Special Repair Tool Chest for 75-mm Pack HowitxersMl a n d MlAl and Carriages MI and M8

4 5


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TM 9 1 32 01 5

O R DNA NCE MAIN TEN A NCE

75-M M H OWIT ZERS AN D CA R RIA G ES

R A P D 7 7079

Figure 27 Spec ial R epair To ol Ches t fo r 75 mm Pac k H o wit ze rsl an d MTA1 an d C ar riag e s M3 A1 M 3A2. an d M3A 3

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TM 9 1 32 0 5

TO O L S A ND E QU IP ME NT F OR MA IN TEN A NC E AN D RE P A IR

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T M 9- 1 32 01 5

O RD N A N C E M A IN T E N AN CE

75 -M M HO W IT ZE R S AN D C AR R IA G E S

V s

R A P D 2 6118

figu re 2 9 T o o l R o l l M 4 W it h Co n t e n t s f or 7 5-m m o c fc H o w itz e rs M an d M A a n d C ar r ia g es M3A 1. M 3 A2 an d M A

48


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TM 9 132015

TOOLS AND EQUIPME NT FOR MAINTENAN CE AND REPAIR

R A PD 76001

Figu re 30S pecial Repai r Tools for 75 m m Howitzer Carria g esMl an d M8

RA PD 16109

M3 A M3A2 M3A3

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TM 9-132015


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TM 9-1320 75-Mm Howitzers and Carriages 1944

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