Tmdl s2 1 Manila Bay

8/9/2019 Tmdl s2 1 Manila Bay

1/48

Implementation of

Operational Plan for theManila Bay Coastal Strategy

(OPMBCS)


2/48

Manila Bay is a semi-enclosedestuary facing the south china sea


3/48

THE MANILA BAYCATCHMENT BASIN

HYDROLOGICBOUNDARY MAP

LENGTH OF MANILABAY COASTLINE

= 190 KM

BAY SURFACE AREA= 1,800 SQ KM

AVERAGE BAY DEPTH= 17 METERS

TOTAL DRAINAGEAREA =17,000 SQ. KM

TOTAL NUMBER OFWATERSHEDS =26

TOTAL NUMBER OFRIVERS AND

CREEKS = 131


4/48

ProvinceCoastal

City

Non-coastal

City

CoastalMuni-

cipality

Non-

Coastal

Mnicipality

Barangays

1.Bataan 1

-

-

-

-

4

-

8. Laguna - 1 - 29 674

9. Cavite 1 2 8 12 845

6

12

2.Tarlac

110-

-

1

1

1

514

3.Pampanga

8

18

1

-

3

5

-

539

4. Bulacan

2

-

22

19

32

3

13

567

5. N. Ecija 832

6. NCR 1869

7. Rizal

15 28

187

149Total 6039

Bataan

Pampanga

Tarlac

Nueva Ecija

Rizal

Bulacan

Cavite

Laguna

NC

R


5/48

MAJOR RIVERSDISCHARGING INTOMANILA BAY

PAMPANGA RIVER

PASIG RIVER

MEYCAUAYAN-MARILAO-OBANDO RIVERS

TALISAY RIVER

TULLAJAN-TENEJEROSRIVER

ZAPOTE RIVER

MARAGONDON RIVER


6/48

MB

EM

P

Significance to the country

Historical, Cultural and Political Silent witness to many battlesManila Bay area is the seat of political power

Social Home to 23M Filipinos or about 30% of the

countrys population

Economic Contribution to PhilippineEconomy (55%)

Business and financial centers Economic zones and technological parks Ports and harbors Fisheries and aquaculture

Tourism Agricultural areas


7/48

NCR Reg. 3 Reg. 4 Total

G D P 30.42 9.15 15.49 55.06

Sector (Agriculture,Fisheries & Forestry) - 10.45 18.37 28.82

Industry(Manufacturing & Mining

Industries)33.59 10.72 19.26 63.05

Services (Trade &Finance) 41.38 7.39 11.36 60.13

Contribution of Manila Bay Region toContribution of Manila Bay Region to

Phil ippine Economy (% )Philippine Economy (% )MB

EM

P


8/48

MB

EM

P

Threats and Issues

Overexploitation of resources

Habitat conversion anddestruction

Uncontrolled reclamation andcoastal development

Multiple-use conflicts

Inadequate institutional and policysupport mechanisms

Water pollution

.Domestic sewage

. Industrial effluent

. Ship-based residuals

. Toxic chemicals &Hazardous wastes

Over extraction ofGroundwater

Solid waste

Red tides


9/48

MB

E

M

P

Threats and Issues

Overexploitation of resources

-Habitat conversion anddestruction

-Uncontrolled reclamation andcoastal development

Multiple-use conflicts

Inadequate institutional and

policy support mechanisms


10/48

Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898) U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph

Manila BayManila Bay

Environmental

ManagementProject (MBEMP)

Man i la Bay i s one o f t he 12 s i t es o f t he Reg iona l P rog ramme, Bu i l d i ng Pa r tne rsh ips

f o r Env i ron m en t a l Managem en t f o r t he Seas o f East Asia o r PEMSEA.


11/48

Manila BayEnvironmental

Management

Project(MBEMP)

Partnerships in

Environmental Management

for the Seas of East Asia

shared responsibility in addressing the complex environmental risks and challenges as this is beyond the capacity

of any single government, agency,community, group or individual.


12/48

MBEMPs Overall

Objective

To develop innovative

partnerships to bring togetherthe local government units,national agencies, the private

sector, the civil society,scientific and technicalcommunities, internationaland donor communities to

plan, develop and manageunder a common frameworkthe marine and coastalresources of Manila Bay andsurrounding watershed areas

MBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

MBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE


13/48

MBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREMBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

PROJECT COORDINATING COMMITTEE

Project Manager

Core Technical Work ing Group

(TWG)

MBEMP Components

Manila Bay Coastal Strategy

Risk Assessment

Civil Society Participation/StakeholdersMobilization

Environmental Investment

Integrated Information ManagementSystem/MBIN

Operational Plan for MBCS

Manila Bay Environmental and

Resource Valuation

Manila Bay Oil Spill Contingency Planning

Institutional Arrangement

Integrated Environmental MonitoringProgram

Coastal Land and Sea Use Zoning

Site Managemen t OfficeDENR Region 3

Site Managemen t OfficeDENR Region 4

Site Managemen t OfficeDENRNCR

Sub-TWG

Site Coordinating Committee (SCC)

Project Director


14/48

MBEMP Project Coordinating CommitteeMBEMP Project Coordinating Committee

Dept. of Transportationand Communication

Project Coordinating Committee

DENR

Dept. of Health

DA/Bureau of Fisheriesand Aquatic Resources

Bataan Province

Pampanga Province

Bulacan Province

Cavite Province

Metro Manila Dev. Authority

Laguna Lake Dev. Authority

University/Scientific Institutions

Civil Society, NGOs, POs

Dept. of Tourism

Philippine Ports Authority

Philippine Coast Guard

Pasig River RehabilitationCommission

NEDA

Media

MARINA

DTI - BOI

Dept. of Public Worksand Highways

Dept. of Science & TechnologyPCAMRD, PNRI, PAGASA

Dept. of Foreign Affairs Core Technical Working Group

Dept. of Interior & Local Govt

MWSS, Concessionaires

Metro Manila coastal cities


15/48

Components of the Manila Bay

Environmental Management Project

Refined Risk Assessment (RRA)Refined Risk Assessment (RRA)

Integrated Information Mgt.Integrated Information Mgt.System (IIMS) and MBSystem (IIMS) and MB

Information Network (MBIN)Information Network (MBIN)

Coastal LandCoastal Land--Sea Use ZoningSea Use Zoning

PlanPlan

Integrated EnvironmentalIntegrated Environmental

Monitoring Program (IEMP)Monitoring Program (IEMP)

Institutional ArrangementInstitutional Arrangement

Oil Spill Contingency PlanOil Spill Contingency Plan

Manila Bay Coastal StrategyManila Bay Coastal Strategy

Operational Plan for MBCSOperational Plan for MBCSEnvironmental & ResourceEnvironmental & Resource

ValuationValuation

Environmental InvestmentEnvironmental Investment Capacity BuildingCapacity Building

Stakeholders ParticipationStakeholders Participation

( Advocacy and Communication )( Advocacy and Communication )

I P j t C t O t t /O t


16/48

A product of a series ofconsultations withstakeholders

Embodies stakeholdersvisions and action programsfor restoring Manila Bay

Adopted by variousstakeholders of Manila Bay inan event called the ManilaBay Declaration in October

2001 with Her Excellency,Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as witness to thispublic declaration of

commitment for itsimplementation.

1. Manila Bay Coastal Strategy (MBCS)

I. Project Component Outputs/Outcomes

Stakeholders Visions(Mani la Bay re f lec t i ve o f God s g lo r y i s a c lean , sa fe , w ho lesom e and p r odu c t i ve ecosystem , a cen t e r o f soc io -econom ic dev e lopm en t , and a na t u ra l he r i t age by

genu ine Fi l ip i no v a lues t ow a rds a be t t e r qua l i t y o f l i f e f o r p res en t and f u t u r e gene ra t i ons )


17/48

Threats Pollution

Overfishing Multiple-Use conflicts

Siltation and sedimentation

Habitat degradation

Multiple-use conflicts Inadequate institutional and

policy support system

Values Natural

Cultural & historical

Settlements andareas of development

Tourism & recreation

MB

E

M

P

Vision and M ission

Strategies

ProtectProtect

MitigateMitigate DevelopDevelop

CommunicateCommunicate

DirectDirect

Action Programs

Desired

changes and

Outcomes

(Indicators)

Manila Bay Coastal StrategyManila Bay Coastal Strategy

2 Refined Risk Assessment

22 RRefinedefined RRiskisk AAssessmentssessment


18/48

2. Refined Risk Assessment2.2. RRefinedefined RRiskisk AAssessmentssessment

Refined Risk Assessment is a process ofestimating the livelihood of harm being done tohuman health and in ecosystem through factorsa emanating from human activities

Bio-ecological assessment of resourcesestablished a clear evidence of declines forfisheries , shellfish and mangroves

Physico-chemical assessment should high levelof total and fecal coliform, phospate, and heavymetals

served as a valuable reference in thedevelopment of succeeding plans (i.e.Operational Plan, IEMP, AdComP, ResourceValuation, Environmental Investment, Coastal

Land and Sea-Use Plan, Oil Spill ContingencyPlan, IIMS and Manila Bay Atlas

2 REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)


19/48

MB

E

M

P

2. REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)OF MANILA BAY

1. Mangroves

*Declined much in cover:

54,000 ha (1890)

2000 ha (1990)

740 ha (1995)

420 ha. (est) in 2005 (pilotIEMP)

*Disappearance of NILAD

species where Manilagot its name

Retrospective Risk Assessment

Fishpond in Hagonoy, Bulacan (2005)

REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)


20/48

MB

E

M

P

REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)OF MANILA BAY

2. Fisheries

Declined much in

quantity and quality( from commercial tonon-commercial )

Disappearance ofwindow pane oyster(capiz)

Retrospective Risk Assessment

Paraaque (2005)



21/48

MB

E

M

P


Assessed

Area* Shellfish RQ

Highest =

467(Paraaque)

Highest =2,667(wet season)

Bulacan

Naic

KawitParaaque

Oyster

Oyster

OysterMussel

Bacoor Oyster

!

Diarrhea

Human Health

Risk from

consumption

ANNUAL AND SEASONAL FECAL COLIFORM IN SHELLFISH



22/48

MB

E

M

P


RQMaxMetal

Metro Manila Central

Luzon

South.

Tagalog

Cadmium

(Cd)1.18 0.72 0.64

Mercury

(Hg)4.98 3.04 2.70

Lead (Pb) 7.08 4.32 3.84

Copper (Cu) 2.76 1.68 1.50

Zinc (Zn) 3.13 1.91 1.70

Shellfish samples of

mussels and oysters

include thoseobtained from the

mouth of the Pasig

River except for Hg

For Cu and Zn,

which are essential

metals, less

importance is

attached to RQ >1

Remarks

Heavy Metal Contaminants in Shellfish

3. Integrated Environmental Monitoring

3. Integrated Environmental Monitoring


23/48

g gProgram (IEMP)

g gProgram (IEMP)

An inter-agency output that prescribes asystem of monitoring resources andpriority parameters for water quality

Aims to provide updated information onthe prevailing condition of Manila Bay fordecision making

Pilot study conducted on bio-ecologicaland physico -chemical parameter

Developed a 5- year Integrated

Environmental Monitoring action planwith specific roles and responsibilitiesamong concerned agencies.

Adopted thru MOU during the 6th PCCmeeting on November 13, 2006


24/48

MB

E

M

P

BioBio--Ecological Pilot IEMPEcological Pilot IEMP

Orani

Mangroves

Fisheries

MangrovesMangroves

FisheriesFisheries

Fish StockAssessment

Avifauna Monitoring

Mangrove Monitoring

M Pil t IEMPM Pil t IEMP


25/48

MB

E

M

P

Mangrove Pilot IEMPMangrove Pilot IEMP

Orani

NCR Region 3 Region 4

MangroveArea (ha)

No. of True

MangroveSpecies

Total No.

of stands

Ave. no. oftrees/ha

32 364 24

9 11 15

25,509 180,331 23,331

751 751 978

Total Sampled Landed Catch

Total Sampled Landed CatchTotal Sampled Landed Catch


26/48

MB

E

M

P

Orani

Total Sampled Landed Catch(December 1, 2004-April 15, 2004)

Total Sampled Landed CatchTotal Sampled Landed Catch(December 1, 2004(December 1, 2004--April 15, 2004)April 15, 2004)

TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES TOTALPelagic Demersal Invertebrates Catch

(kg)

Total* 38 51 26 231,821*based on 3-day sampling per week as landed

Bataan 20 43 13 6,930

Hagonoy 12 23 12 32,020

Navotas 22 31 5 140,039

Pque34 30 14 33,375

Cavite 38 51 26 19,457

LANDINGAREA


27/48

MB

E

M

P

PhysicoPhysico--Chemical IEMPChemical IEMP

1. Rivermouth MonitoringImus R iver, Zapote R iver,

Bulacan River, Balanga RiverBataan, Pampanga River

2. Bathing BeachesMonitoring (Cavite to Bataan)

Monitoring AreasMonitoring Areas


28/48

MB

E

M

P

RivermouthRivermouth MonitoringMonitoring

OraniOrani

Pampanga Bay

B

A

T

A

AN

C A V I T E

B U L A C A N

Corrigidor

MasukolSamal

Abucay

BalangaPilar

Orion

Limay

Lamao

Cabcaben

Mariveles

San Juan

Naic

Rosario

Bacoor

Manila

Alasasin

123

984

765

RIVERS MONITORED FOR

DO/ BOD LOADING

RIVERS MONITORED FOR

DO/ BOD LOADING

Imus

Zapote

Bulacan

Bataan

Pampanga

Imus

Zapote

Bulacan

BataanPampanga


29/48

MB

E

M

P

RivermouthRivermouth MonitoringMonitoring

RQs for lead in sediment

4.2 4.4 4.1

2.6

4.4

0

1

2

3

4

5

DO,mg/L

Imus

Zapo

te

Bula

can

Bataan

P

ampa

nga

River

Average DO Concentration of Selected Rivers

Draining in Manila Bay (Feb - May 2005)

DENR Std

failedpassedthe DENRthe DENRstandard ofstandard of55

B hi B h


30/48

MB

E

M

P

Bathing BeachesBathing Beaches

BATHING BEACHESMONITORED

BATHING BEACHESMONITORED

Navotas

Luneta

Bacoor

Lido

Villamar

San

IsidroCelebrity

GardenCoast

CostaEugenia

Villa

Criselda

Mattel

Villa

Carmen

VillaLeonora

Brgy.

Wawa

OraniOraniOrani

Pampanga Bay

B

A

T

A

AN

C A V I T E

B U L A C A N

Corrigidor

MasukolSamal

Abucay

BalangaPilar

Orion

Limay

Lamao

Cabcaben

Mariveles

San Juan

Naic

Rosario

Bacoor

Manila

Alasasin

123

984

765

Navotas

Celebrity

SanIsidro

Villamar

Lido

Gard

enC

oast

CostaE

ugen

ia Bacoor

VillaCarmen

Villa Leonora

Brgy. Waw a

Mattel

Villa

Crise

lda

Lu

neta

Geomean of Fecal Coliform in Manila Bay 2004 vs 2005 (jan-jun)


31/48

.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

100ml

Station

Geomean of Fecal Coliform in Manila Bay, 2004 vs 2005 (jan-jun)

18095 21785 4089 328 662 920 2898 1123 629 14 58 91 258 1065 928

14432 542 93 3658 236 385 154 6 5546 620 1419 16 23 76 172 256 248

Navotas Luneta Bacoor Lido VillamarSan

IsidroCelebrity

Garden

Coast

Cos ta

Eugenia

Villa

CriseldaMattel

Villa

Carmen

Villa

Leonora

Brgy.

Wawa

MPN/

W/in Std - 200 MPN

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 5

/100ml

4. Environmental and Resource Valuation4. Environmental and Resource Valuation


32/48

MB

E

M

P

(ERV)(ERV)

Economic Valuation ofkey marine and coastalresources and uses :

Mangroves

Coral reefs

Fisheries and aquaculture Ports and shipping

Tourism

PhP 8.3 Billion

Economic Valuation of

environmental damage :

Loss of habitat (likemangroves

Overextraction ofgroundwater

Impacts to human healthfrom water pollution

Saltwater Intrusion

Red Tide

PhP 4.0 Billion

5 Operational P lan for the Manila


33/48

5. Operational P lan for the Manila

Bay Coastal Strategy

Transformed the Manila Bay

Coastal Strategy into action plansand programs w ith measurabletargets, timeframe, budgetaryrequirements and responsible

institutions in three (3) areas ofconcerned: 1.) water pollution 2.)resources and habitat and 3.)partnerships and governance)

Approved and endorsed by thePCC to NEDA for incorporation tothe Medium-Term Phil. Dev. P lan

(MTPDP)

OPMBCS Framework


34/48

Targets & ActionPlans

Objective & Activities Timeframe Success Criteria Budgetary

Requirement &Financial Strategy

Responsible Agency IEC Strategy

Refined Risk Assessment

Goals andGoals and

PrioritiesPriorities Water Pollution Habitats &

Resources

Partnership &

Governance

Risks andChallenges

Values

Vision and M ission

Desired Changes&Outcomes

M B C S

Strategies

Protect, Mitigate,Develop, Communicate,

Direct

Operational Plan

1 2 3

OPMBCS

5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR


35/48

MB

E

M

P

MANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGYMANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGY

The development of the OPMBCS is a major component ofthe Manila Bay Environmental Management Project (MBEMP)

OPMBCS puts into action plans and programs the strategiesin the Manila Bay Coastal strategies that will address the riskand challenges identified in the Refined Risk Assessment(RRA)

Puts in detailed how to address the Three (3) priority issuesidentified in the Risk Assessment: Partnership and Governance,

Water Pollution, Over-Exploitation of Resources and Degradation ofHabitats

Each issue has its own identified goals and specific objectives and

action plans with measurable targets, timeframe, budgetaryrequirements and responsible agencies

5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR


36/48

MB

E

M

P

MANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGYMANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGY

The Plan, categorized into short-term, medium-term and long-term program/activities

Both the MBCS and the RRA were major sources of information incoming up with the comprehensive OPMBCS

OPMBCS entails the integration of practical lessons

learned in the course of the implementation of the ManilaBay Environmental management Project ( MBEMP) with theadoption of relevant national and local strategies andprograms

OPMBCS was developed by a Technical Working Group (TWG)and through the unified effort of the various stakeholders of theManila Bay Coastal and watershed areas covering NCR, Central

Luzon (Region3) and Southern Tagalog Region (Region 4A) asubjected to stakeholders consultations throughout the watershed

The Desired Outcomes


37/48

The Desired Outcomes

of the OPMBCS

Adoption of OPMBCS by the Regional

Development Council of Region 3, Region 4 andNCR (NEDA) for incorporation into the MediumTerm Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)

Mobilization of funds from national agencies andlocal government units, the private sector, NGOs,and external sources (e.g., donor agencies,international financing institutions, foundations,etc.)

5 OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY5 OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY


38/48

MB

E

M

P

5. OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY5. OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY

transforms the identified strategies and action programstransforms the identified strategies and action programs

in the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy into action plans andin the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy into action plans and

programs with set of targets, estimated budgets,programs with set of targets, estimated budgets,timeframe and responsible agencytimeframe and responsible agency

Water Pollution Water Quality

Harmful AlgalBlooms

Solid Waste

Toxic andHazardous Waste

Habitats andResources

Exploitation ofResources

Destruction ofHabitats

PartnershipsandGovernance

No integratedmanagement

framework Lack of

awarenessand capacity

Lack ofresources

Water Pollution


39/48

Water Pollution

Goal

Protect the waters in Manila Bay and its

tributaries (rivers and lake) and ensurethat they are safe for various uses (e.g.,recreation, source of potable water,

transportation, irrigation, fisheries andother living resources)

Water Pollution


40/48

Water Pollution

-Objectives

Reduce by 50% the discharges of raw sewage, septage and untreatedwastewater (from commercial, industrial, agricultural and fisheries/aquaculture)by 2015

Establish integrated solid waste management in all LGUs by 2007

Develop and implement toxic and hazardous waste management system by2008.

Stop sea dumping of sewage, industrial sludge, solid waste and contaminateddredged materials by 2006.

Stop discharges of operational waste (oily bilge and ballast water) from shipsand the use of anti- fouling paints with TBTs and other harmful compound by2006.

Activate a bay-wide, multi-sectoral oil spill prevention and response programby 2006

Partnership and Governance


41/48


Goal

Promote partnerships and ensure

the implementation of goodenvironmental governance asmeans to achieve the sustainabledevelopment of the Manila BayRegion



42/48


Objectives

Develop, adopt and implement an Integrated Land and Sea-Use Zoning

Plan for the Manila Bay area by 2012

Establish appropriate institutional arrangement to oversee, coordinate

and guide the implementation of MBCS and Operational Plan by 2007

Develop, set up and operationalize integrated coastal area and riverbasin management system covering 100% of the Manila Bay region by

2010

Create awareness, build capacity and mobilize at least 50% of the

coastal communities to participate in activities related to theimplementation of MBCS by 2010



43/48


Objectives

Increase to at least 75% the number of LGUs within the Manila BayRegion implementing development of environmental investmentprograms through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) by 2010

Reduce by 25% the illegal settlers, establishments and structuresalong coastlines, riverbanks and waterways by 2010 and prevent futurereoccupation of these areas

Develop and implement a Natural Hazards Contingency,

Preparedness and Quick-Response System for Manila Bay Region by2008

Habitat and Resources ProtectionHabitat and Resources Protection


44/48

Habitat and Resources ProtectionHabitat and Resources Protection

Goal

Ensure protection, restoration andsustainable development of resources,

habitats, natural areas, historical, cultural,religious and archeological sites that areessential in achieving the ecological,

social, and economic well-being ofcommunities and stakeholders in theManila Bay Region.

Habi t a t and Resourc es Pro t ec t ionHabi t a t and Resourc es Pro t ec t ion


45/48

Objectives

Set up sustainable institutional arrangements and managementprograms in all Protected Areas and critical Habitats in the Manila Bay

Region by 2012

Increase by 50 % the forest cover in the entire Manila Bay watershedare by 2015

Develop and implement restoration and maintenance program forimportant historical, cultural and geological sites within the Manila Bayregion by 2010

Increase the productivity of fishery resources within the Manila Bayregion by 2020

Achieve sustainable, ecologically sound aquaculture and maricultureproduction by 2015

Increase coverage of water supply distributions by 5o% in areas withunsustainable groundwater extraction by 2015

Ac t i vi t i es in suppor t t o t he im p lement a t ion of Ac t i v i t i es in suppor t t o t he im p lement a t ion of OPMBCSOPMBCS


46/48

Development and implementation of the DENR World BankMTSP project to scale up investment in water pollutionreduction of Manila Bay.

Establishment of Marine Turtle Sanctuary through the supportof UNDP Small Grant Programmes (SGP) though the initiative ofPhilippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM) and theprovincial government of Bataan.

Rehabilitation of more than 65 hectares of mangroves andmangrove nursery through the ICM program of Bataan

Proclamation No. 1412 dated April 30, 2007 Establishing the

Las Pias-Paraaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Areaconsisting of 175 hectares

Establishment of 10 hectares of NIPA plantation project in

Barangay Dawe, Minalin, Pampanga

Establishment of a wildlife reserve to protect thei d id ild bi d i C d b S


47/48

migratory and resident wild birds in Candaba Swamps, a

Ramsar candidate site.A memorandum of agreement was signed among keyagencies and sectors in the province of Bataan for the anti-

illegal fishing campaign.

Establishment a Text-a-crime program empowers thecommunity to participate in monitoring and prevention of

crimes particularly illegal fishing and other environmentalcrimes.

Implementation of supplemental livelihood and micro-financing programs in the province of Cavite and Bataan toprotect fishery resources and habitats at the same timeprovide alternative sources of income for the affected

fisherfolks.


48/48

Thank You!

Date post:	30-May-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	cbooka
View:	218 times
Download:	0 times

Tmdl s2 1 Manila Bay

Documents