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INTRODUCTIO

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INTRODUCTION

Tobacco is a green, leafy plant that is grown in warm climates. After it is

 picked, it is dried, ground up, and used in different ways. It can be

smoked in a cigarette, pipe, or cigar. It can be chewed (called smokeless

tobacco or chewing tobacco) or sniffed through the nose (called snuff).

 Nicotine is one of the more than 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes and its

smoke. It is the chemical that makes tobacco addictive or habit forming.

Once we smoke, chew, or sniff tobacco, nicotine goes into our 

 bloodstream, and our body wants more. The nicotine in tobacco makes it

a drug. This means that when we use tobacco, it changes our body in

some way. Because nicotine is a stimulant, it speeds up the nervous

system, so we feel like we have more energy. It also makes the heart beat

faster and raises blood pressure.

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SMOKERS

HEALTH

PROBLEM

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SMOKERS HEALTH PROBLEM

Smokers are more likely to get cancer than non-smokers. This is particularly

true of lung cancer, throat cancer and mouth cancer, which hardly ever 

affect non-smokers.

The link between smoking and lung cancer is clear.

•  Ninety percent of lung cancer cases are due to smoking.

• If no-one smoked, lung cancer would be a rare diagnosis – only 0.5

 per cent of people who've never touched a cigarette develop lung cancer.

• One in ten moderate smokers and almost one in five heavy smokers

(more than 15 cigarettes a day) will die of lung cancer.

The more cigarettes you smoke in a day, and the longer you've smoked, the

higher your risk of lung cancer. Similarly, the risk rises the deeper you

inhale and the earlier in life you started smoking.

For ex-smokers, it takes approximately 15 years before the risk of lung

cancer drops to the same as that of a non-smoker.

If you smoke, the risk of contracting mouth cancer is four times higher than

for a non-smoker. Cancer can start in many areas of the mouth, with the

most common being on or underneath the tongue, or on the lips.

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SMOKING

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SMOKING

Smoking is a practice in which a substance,

most commonly tobacco or cannabis, is

 burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled.

This is primarily practised as a route of  

administration for recreational drug use, as

combustion releases the active substances in

drugs such as nicotine and makes them

available for absorption through the lungs. It can also be done as a part of 

rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment.

The most common method of smoking today is through cigarettes, primarily

industrially manufactured but also hand-rolled from loose tobacco

and rolling paper . Other smoking implements include pipes, cigars, bidis,

hookahs, vaporizers, and bongs. It has been suggested that smoking-related

disease kills one half of all long term smokers but these diseases may also be

contracted by non-smokers. A 2007 report states that about 4.9 million

 people worldwide each year die as a result of smoking.

Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug

use. Tobacco smoking is today by far the most popular form of smoking and

is practiced by over one billion people in the majority of all human societies.

Less common drugs for smoking include cannabis and opium. Some of the

substances are classified as hard narcotics, like heroin, but the use of these is

very limited as they are often not commercially available.

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CHEWING TOBACCO

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CHEWING TOBACCO

Chewing is one of the oldest ways of consuming tobacco leaves. Native 

Americans in both North and South America chewed the leaves of the plant,

frequently mixed with the minerallime

“The chewing of tobacco was well-nigh universal. This habit had been

widespread among the agricultural population of America both North and 

South before the war. Soldiers had found the quid a solace in the field and continued to revolve it in their mouths upon returning to their homes. Out of 

doors where his life was principally led the chewer spat upon his lands

without offence to other men, and his homes and public buildings were

 supplied with spittoons. Brown and yellow parabolas were projected to right 

and left toward these receivers, but very often without the careful aim which

made for cleanly living. Even the pews of fashionable churches were likely

to contain these familiar conveniences. The large numbers of Southern men,

and these were of the better class (officers in the Confederate army and 

 planters, worth $20,000 or more, and barred from general amnesty) who

 presented themselves for the pardon of President Johnson, while they sat 

awaiting his pleasure in the ante-room at the White House, covered its floor 

with pools and rivulets of their spittle. An observant traveller in the South in

1865 said that in his belief seven-tenths of all persons above the age of 

twelve years, both male and female, used tobacco in some form. Women

could be seen at the doors of their cabins in their bare feet, in their dirty

one-piece cotton garments, their chairs tipped back, smoking pipes made of 

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corn cobs into which were fitted reed stems or goose quills. Boys of eight or 

nine years of age and half-grown girls smoked. Women and girls "dipped" 

in their houses, on their porches, in the public parlours of hotels and in the

 streets.”

• Chewing tobacco is highly addictive. In the duration of a half hour chew,

the average smokeless tobacco user ingests an amount of nicotine which is

equivalent to the amount in 4 cigarettes. It would take nearly 60 cigarettes to

equal the amount of nicotine in a single can of chewing tobacco.

• Many users find it necessary to chew while they sleep because they have

 become entirely dependent on the product.

• Chewing tobacco, also called smokeless toba cco or snuff, contains over 25

carcinogens or cancer causing agents.

• Chewing tobacco increases the risk of oral cancers, throat and pharynx

cancers. Oral cancers include those of the lips, mouth, gums, cheeks and

tongue. Many times these cancers develop as unsightly tumors that need to

 be surgically removed. Quite often whole pieces of the jaw and cheek need

to be removed as well, leaving the smokeless tobacco user with a severe

facial disfigurement.

• In one study, as many as 91% of oral and throat cancer patients used

smokeless tobacco.

• The oral cancer risk associated with those that use chewing tobacco is

approximately 50 times higher than that of the non tobacco users.

• Nearly 90% of oral tumors are caused by smokeless chewing tobacco.

• o Symptoms of oral cancers include sores that fail to heal, sores that bleed

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thickening in the mouth, difficulty chewing or swallowing food or feeling a

sens ation like something is stuck in the throat.

• Chewing tobacco users may develop a condition called Leukoplakia.

Leukoplakia is a condition which results from continued irritation of the

gums, tongue, and the insides of the cheeks. This disease is usually

identified by the appearance of thick, whitish patches. Although

Leukoplakia isn't painful, the patches may be sensitive to the touch or 

aggravated by certain foods. Many patches of leukoplakia show signs of 

 precancerous cells and many cancerous tumors appear near areas of 

leukoplakia.

• Users of chewing tobacco are at an increased risk of cardiovascular 

disease. Cardiovascular diseases account for nearly 40% of all deaths

annually. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure and

reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood stream, all of which have an

effect on the heart and can contribute to cardiovascular disease.

• Smokeless tobacco increase the risk and severity of gum and tooth disease.

The constant presence of to bacco eats the gum away from the root of the

tooth, leaving the tooth much more susceptible to cavities. Additionally, to

mask the bitter taste of tobacco, many manufacturers add sugar and other 

artificial ingredients. The constant presence of sugar weakens the tooth

enamel resulting in cavities. The receding gum line also weakens the

stability of the tooth, resulting in lose teeth which eventually fall out.

• Chewing tobacco permanently discolors teeth and users suffer from

halitosis, constant bad breath.

What is being done to prevent smokeless tobacco use?

The fight against tobacco products has been mainly directed at elementary

school children. There are numerous government and nonprofit agencies SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH   

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working to get the facts about tobacco out there and into the minds of 

children before they are tempted to try any tobacco products. Many of these

agencies use the school system to educate children and parents about the

dangers associated with tobacco products. They use technique s specifically

designed for children, such as plays, speakers, coloring books and activties

which focus on the dangerous aspects of tobacco use as well as by providing

children with healthy alternatives to tobacco use, such as exercise.

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BEEDI

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BEEDI

 

A beedi is a thin, Indian cigarette filled with tobacco flake and wrapped in

a tendu or possibly even Bauhinia racemosa  leaf tied with a string at one

end. The name is derived from the Marwari word beeda —a leaf wrapped in

 betel nuts, herbs, and condiments.

Indian tobacco cultivation began in the late 17th century, and beedies were

first created when tobacco workers took left-over tobacco and rolled it in

leaves.

The commercial Indian beedi industry saw rapid growth during the

1930s probably driven by an expansion of tobacco cultivation at the time but

also helped by Gandhi's support of Indian industry and Indian

 products. Perhaps due to this, educated classes in India grew to prefer 

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 beedies to cigarettes although this is no longer the case. Muslim leaders,

calling cigarettes foreign products, have also endorsed beedies at times.

By the middle of the 20th century beedi manufacture had grown into a

highly competitive industry. This stage of commercial production—at the

height of the beedi's popularity saw the creation of many new beedi

 brands as well as beedi factories employing upwards of one hundred,

 primarily male, beedi rollers.

Factory-based beedi production declined as a result of increased regulation

during the 1940s, '50s, and '60s, and beedi-making became a cottage 

industry with a home-based women workforce predominantly employed

only in the beedi rolling. In contrast, males continue to be employed in all

aspects of beedi production.

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CIGARETTE

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CIGARETTE

A cigarette (from the French for "small cigar ". Cigar comes, through

the Spanish and Portuguese cigarro, from the Mayan  siyar ; "to smoke rolled

tobacco leaves") is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a

cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and

allowed to smoulder ; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held

in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well.

Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted

tobacco and other additives.

The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can

apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as cloves or cannabis. A

cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its smaller size, use of processed

leaf, and paper wrapping, which is normally white, though other colors are

occasionally available. Cigars are typically composed entirely of whole-leaf 

tobacco.

Rates of cigarette smoking vary widely, and have changed considerably over 

the course of history — since cigarettes were first widely used in the mid-

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20th century. While rates of smoking have over time leveled off or declined

in the developed world, they continue to rise in developing nations.

Cigarettes do carry serious health effects with them, which are more

 prevalent than in other tobacco products. Nicotine, the primary psychoactive

chemical in tobacco and therefore cigarettes, is addictive. About half of 

cigarette smokers die of tobacco-related disease and lose on average 14

years of life. Cigarette use by pregnant women has also been shown to

cause birth defects, including mental and physical disabilities. Second-hand 

smoke from cigarettes has been shown to be injurious to bystanders, which

has led to legislation that has banned their smoking in many workplaces and

 public areas. Cigarettes are the most frequent source of fires leading to loss

of lives in private homes, which has prompted the European Union and

the United States to ban cigarettes that are not fire standard compliant by

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CANNABIS

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CANNABIS

Cannabis, also known as marijuana (from the Mexican 

Spanish marihuana), and by other names, is a preparation of 

the Cannabis  plantintended for use as a psychoactive drug and as medicine.

Pharmacologically, the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis

istetrahydrocannabinol (THC); it is one of 400 compounds in the plant,

including other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD),

cannabinol (CBN), andtetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV).

Contemporary uses of cannabis are as a recreational drug, as religious or  

spiritual rites, or as medicine; the earliest recorded uses date from the 3rd 

millennium BC. In 2004, the United Nations estimated that global

consumption of cannabis indicated that approximately 4.0 percent of 

the adult world population (162 million people) used cannabis annually, and

that approximately 0.6 percent (22.5 million) of people used cannabis daily.[7] Since the early 20th century cannabis has been subject to legal 

restrictions with the possession, use, and sale of cannabis preparations

containing psychoactive cannabinoids currently illegal in most countries of 

the world; the United Nations has said that cannabis is the most-used illicit

drug in the world.

Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed. The

minimum amount of THC required to have a perceptible psychoactive effect

is about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. Aside from a

subjective change in perception and, most notably, mood, the most common

short-term physical and neurological effects include increased heart rate,

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increased appetite and consumption of food, lowered blood pressure,

impairment of short-term and working memory, psychomotor coordination,

and concentration. Long-term effects are less clear.

Deaths attributed directly to cannabis usage are infrequent but have been

documented. Recorded fatalities resulting from cannabis overdose in

animals are generally only after intravenous injection of hashish oil

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METHODOLOGY

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METHODOLOGY

The study was carried out by conducting the survey of the respondents

residing in the Bundelkhand region vicinity. The survey was based on semi

structured interview consisting question related to the tobacco use. The

questionnaire was prepared by covering open ended and close ended

question related to topic (Chewing and Smoking of tobacco).

The pharmacy under graduate student was selected for the collection of data.

The interpretation of data to avoid ambiguity. They were quite familiar withthe local language which helps to improve quality of information gained.

The Bundelkhand region was selected for the survey as it was convenient.

The total no. of 400 respondents was randomly selected from last week June

to first week of September. The mixed population of respondents was

covered.

The educated group includes students, teachers, house wife’s and

servicemen . The illiterate group mostly includes farmers.

The respondents include in the study were from the age 15 to 70 years old.

The questionnaire used for the study includes following question.

• From which age person taking tobacco ?

• Mode of taking tobacco ?

• If made is chew, which type of material you ?

• In a day how many times you take tobacco ?

• Do you know tobacco is injurious to health ?

• For that Purpose you like to take tobacco ?

• Are you suffering from any sort of disease/problem ?

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• Are you aware about the facilities extended by the M.P. Govt. for 

Cancer patients, who belong to economically backward class ?

RESULT

AND

ANALYSIS

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ANALYTICAL REPORT OF A TYPICAL

QUESTIONNAIRE DATA 

The total 400 respondents were interview. The data was analyzed

independently by the researchers and was collected and statistically treated.

The information gathered during the study is analyzed below.

The health problem faced by the person using tobacco.

Topic --- Smoking and Chewing of Tobacco

Area of Survey -------- Bundelkhand

• From which age person taking tobacco ?

o 10-20 years 42%

o 21-30 years 31 %

o 31-40 Years 23%

o Above 40 years 04%

• Mode of taking Tobacco ?

o Smoking 19.5%

o Chewing Tobacco 26.5 %

o Both 54 %

• If mode is smoking which material you use ?

o Bidi 41 %

o Chigarette 51 %

o Chillum 3.5 %

o Ganja 2.7 %

o Cigar 0.8 %

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o Pipes 1.4 %

• If mode is chew, which type of material you use ?

o Tobacco with lime 27 %

o Gutka /Powches 68%

o Khaini 4%

o Kharra 1%

• Percentage of person, taking tobacco from which age (on the basis of 

age)

o 18-25 years 54 %

o 26-50 years 38 %

o Above – 50 8 %

• Percentage of persons, in a day taking tobacco.

o 1-5 times 55 %

o 6-10 times 68%

o Above 20 times 20%

• Percentage of person knows that tobacco is injurious to health or not ?

o Yes 97 %

o  No 03 %

• For that purpose like to take tobacco/smoking ?

o Addiction 44 %

o Time pass/Entertainment 38 %

o Passion 18 %

• How much money people spent per month on tobacco ?

o 1- 100 Rs. 18 %

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o 101-500 Rs. 69 %

o Above Rs. 18 %

•  No. of person suffering from any sort of disease/ Problem?

o Yes 30 %

o  No 70 %

• Percentage of person those are sufferingfrom some common disease ?

o Shortness of mouth 43 %

o Oral Ulcer 20 %

o Acidity 02 %

o Coughing 35 %

• Percentage of persons, those are aware about the facilities extended by

the M.P. Govt. for cancer patients, who belong to economically

 backward class.

o Yes 35 %

o  No 65 %

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

At last from the data, we concluded that tobacco is very much harmful to

human beings. Due to use the use of tobacco much harmful disease occurs

which sometimes ends to death. hence that study was mainly focused on the

injurious effect of tobacco on population. It also focused on, the habit of 

smoking among young people particularly student. To create cancer 

awareness amongst students and other people this project report was made.