Today, A Gameboy for $50, has more computing power than a Cray supercomputer of only 25 years ago.

• Tom PetersCircle of Innovation

IT Architecture

Although there is always a need for improved technology, the critical resource is intelligent resourceful people who can relate business needs to technology.

James J. O’Connor

The central core of information technology involves a study of programming languages, algorithms and information structures.

Describe Information in terms of:

• Accuracy

• Verifiability

• Completeness

• Relevance

• Timeliness

Computers

• Supercomputer• Main Frame• Mini Computer• PC’s• Thin Clients• Laptops and Notebooks• Palmtops / PDA’s• Smart Cards

Input Devices

Output Devices

Cable Media

• Shielded Twisted Pair

• Unshielded Twisted Pair

• Coax

• Fiber

Wireless Media

• Microwave

• Satellite

–GEO

–MEO

– LEO• GPS• Radio• Infrared• Cellular

Networks

• WAN

• LAN

• PAN

• VPN

LAN

WAN’s

• Network which incorporates extended geographical boundaries

• Network which has a centralized point of data exchange

• Network which joins remote networks in increase productivity

• Network which extends existing resources

Networking Standards –OSI Model

• Layer 1: Physical Layer

• Layer 2: Data Link layer

• Layer 3: Network Layer

• Layer 4: Transport Layer

• Layer 5: Session Layer

• Layer 6: Presentation Layer

• Layer 7: Application Layer

OSI Example

Business Model

Equipment

• Repeaters

• Bridges (DSU/CSU)

• Routers

• Hubs / Switches

• Interface Cards (NIC)

Connectivity Services

• Switched

• Dedicated

• Packet–Modems– Frame Relay

Connectivity Bandwidth

• DDS• Switched Phone

Networks• 56K• T1• T3• OC3• OC12• OC192

• ATM• ISDN• xDSL• Cable Modems

LAN"A data communications system allowing a number of independent devices to communicate directly with each other, within a moderately sized geographic area over a physical communications channel of moderate data rates." IEEE

Topology

• Bus - Ethernet

• Token Ring

• Star

Protocols

• TCP/IP • IPX • Netbui• SNMP (Management protocol)• Appletalk• X.25• Z39.50• IPNG??

Why LANs

• Need to share data, software, and hardware

• Centralized management

• Share access to outside sources

Future

• To distribute expertise not just files

• Remote offices have leadership and expertise - Videoconferencing

• Teleworkers need to be part of the structure

Acronym Full Name Downstream Upstream Maximum Distance (C.O./user)

IDSL Integrated DSL

128 Kbps 128Kbps 18,000 ft

HDSL High Data Rate DSL

1.544Mbps 1.544Mbps 12,000 ft

SDSL Symmetric DSL

1.544Mbps 1.544Mbps 10,000 ft

ADSL Asymmetric DSL

8Mbps 1Mbps 12,000 ft

RADSL Rate Adapter ADSL

7Mbps 1Mbps 18,000 ft

VDSL Very High Rate DSL

51.84Mbps 2.3Mbps 1,000 ft

Lawrence Livermore LabBaby 10T

Number of Frames 4 128Nodes per Frame 4 4Number of Nodes 16 512Processors per Node 8 16Number of Processors 128 8,192Speed in MHZ 222 310Mega FLOPS 113,664 10,158,080

Memory in GB 64 4,000

Local Disk in GB 288 10,000Global Disk in GB 1,200 150,000