• Today– Hot Spots– Past Plate Motions– Review TEST 1– LAB: Describing Minerals
• Wednesday– TEST 1– Chemistry of Minerals– READ Chapter 5
• Next Monday– Rock Forming Minerals– LAB Identifying Minerals
Hot Spots
Global Distribution of Active VolcanoesSource: http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/location.cfm
09_16b.jpg
04_22.jpg
04_21.jpg
04_23b.jpg
04_23a.jpg
animation
04_22.jpg
Past Plate Positions
Dating the Sea Floor (Fig. 4.11)
animation
Magnetometer Fig 3.24a
Magnetic Field Strength near PNW Coast Fig 3.24b
Magnetic Field
Strength Portland
Source: http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/gump/portland/portland.html
Magnetism of a Lava Flow Sequence (Fig 3.25)
Magnetic Field Flips Fig. 3.26
Magnetic Reversal Time Line(Fig 3.27)
Geomagnetic TimescaleFig. 3.30c
Cause of Reversals? Fig 3.27
http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~glatz/geodynamo.html
Fig 3.28
animation
03_30.jpg
Dating the Sea Floor (Fig. 4.11)
animation
04_33.jpg
Animation of Continental Drift
Cause of Plate Tectonics? Fig. 4.32
Convection in Mantle Fig. 4.28
C_12.jpg
C_16.jpg
Ridge Push and/or Trench Pull Fig. 4.29
Super Continent Cycle?
http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~gurnis/Movies/Science_Captions/aggdisp.html
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/plhist94.htm#750my
West Coast
TectonicsFig 4.19
PNW Earthquakes
& Plates
3-D view: http://spike.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS/EQ_Special/WEBDIR_01022818543p/hypos.html
Evidence for Past Subduction Zone Earthquakes?
What happens during subduction
zone earthquake? Locking and Bulging
GPS: ½ in/year
Rebound
uplift subsidence
Ghost Forest
And deposition by tsunami
Coastal evidence
of subduction
zone earthquake
s
Peat Layer topped by Tsunami Sand-Oregon
Orphan Tsunami in Japan Jan 29, 1700
Last Subduction Zone Earthquakes
• January 26th 1700
• Coast Line from Vancouver Island to Northern California subsided approx. 6ft.
• M9! (100 times Nisqually earthquake)
How frequent?How frequent?One every 300-800 years. Last one 300 y. One every 300-800 years. Last one 300 y.
a.a.
TEST 1
• Chapters 2, 3, 4, prelude, interlude A & E
Minerals
Crystals Grains in Rocks
Quartz Fig. 5.15
Metallic vs. Non-Metallic Luster Fig. 5.17
Streak Fig. 5.16
Table 5.1
Cleavage Fig. 5.19
05_19de.jpg
Crystal Shapes Fig 5.5
05_18a.jpg
Conchoidal Fracture Fig. 5.20
Fizz Test (Fig. 5.22)
Major Classes of Rock- Forming Minerals
Class Defining anion(s) Examples
Native elements
none (no charged ions) gold (Au), copper (Cu), sulf ur (S), diamond (C), graphite (C)
Halides ions of chlorine (Cl-), fluorine (F-)
halite (NaCl), fluorite (CaF2)
Sulfides sulfide ion (S2-) pyrite (FeS2), galena (PbS), sphalerite (ZnS)
Oxides oxygen ion (O2-) hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), corundum (Al2O3)
Hydroxides hydroxyl ion (OH-) goethite [FeO(OH)], gibbsite [Al(OH)3]
Phosphates Phosphate ion (PO4)3- Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3)(F,Cl,OH)
Turquoise CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)84H2O
Sulf ates sulf ate ion (SO4)2- gypsum (CaSO42H2O),
barite (BaSO4)
Carbonates carbonate ion (CO32-) calcite (CaCO3),
dolomite [Ca, Mg(CO3)2],
Silicates silicate ion (SiO44-) quartz (SiO2)
olivine (Mg2SiO4)
For Wednesday 1/21
• TEST 1– Chapters 2, 3, 4, – prelude, interlude A & E– 377-379
• Reading-Chapter 5 Minerals