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Today: Patenting Life
*Exam #2 Th 3/26
Monsanto Stock price
http://research.scottrade.com/public/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp
Many Questions, but Few Answers?
• Are herbicide or insect resistant plants safe to eat?
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are GM foods profitable for:– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
% o
f T
otal
US
Acr
esCommon GM Crops in the U.S.
http://blog.wired.com/
wiredscience/2007/09/
monsanto-is-hap.html
Herbicide Tolerance; Insect Resistance; Viral Resistance
Types of Genetically Modified Crops
Patents give 20 year monopoly for inventor
www.uspto.gov
Three types of U.S. patents:1) Utility patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof;
2) Design patents may be granted to anyone who invents a new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture; and
3) Plant patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers and asexually reproduces any distinct and new variety of plant.
www.uspto.gov
Examples of current patents:
•Atryn- antithrombin produced in transgenic goats (in milk) has anti-clotting properties
Examples of current patents:
•Atryn- antithrombin produced in transgenic goats (in milk) has anti-clotting properties
•Evolutec has patents on proteins in tick saliva for use as anti-inflammatory
Examples of current patents:
•Atryn- antithrombin produced in transgenic goats (in milk) has anti-clotting properties
•Evolutec has patents on proteins in tick saliva for use as anti-inflammator
•GTG in Australia has patents on non-coding human DNA for detecting risk of various diseases
Examples of current patents:
•Atryn- antithrombin produced in transgenic goats (in milk) has anti-clotting properties
•Evolutec has patents on proteins in tick saliva for use as anti-inflammatory
•GTG in Australia has patents on non-coding human DNA for detecting risk af various diseases
•Over 70 U.S. patents for use of Indian neem tree
Neem, say the women, helps babies sleep, keeps flies away, is a cosmetic, a disinfectant and a pesticide. Its leaves make good cattle fodder, its twigs are good for teeth and gums. It is used, they say, for snake bites, malaria, hysteria, high blood pressure, pain relief, skin diseases and a host of other ailments.
Over 70 U.S. patents for use of Indian neem tree
Neem, say the women, helps babies sleep, keeps flies away, is a cosmetic, a disinfectant and a pesticide. Its leaves make good cattle fodder, its twigs are good for teeth and gums. It is used, they say, for snake bites, malaria, hysteria, high blood pressure, pain relief, skin diseases and a host of other ailments.
Over 70 U.S. patents for use of Indian neem tree
One was rejected due to previous use in indigenous Indian culture
Concerns of developing nations vs. industrialized countries
Bioprospecting
Lack of research on third world problems.(tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, dysentery…Not profitable.
Bioprospecting