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Today’s Agenda .w 10/7/10•Review Quiz
•More on Ions (Have your notebook ready)
•Octet Rule
Problem 1
5 Atomic Number
•Therefore I know this atom has 5 protons and because it’s neutral, 5 electrons
Boron
5p•There are 6 neutrons because the Atomic Mass 10.811 rounded up to 11 (which you look up on your periodic table) minus the atomic number 5 equals 6
6n
2e
3e
1st Orbital Shell
2nd
Problem 2Average Atomic Mass =
Mass (%) + Mass (%)
Iodine – 126 (34.7%) and Iodine – 127 (65.3%)
Means:
126 (.347) + 127 (.653)
126.653
Problem 3
Write the Chemical Symbol for Tungsten - 180
W180
74
This is the Symbol! I did not want the periodic box!
Ion Equations
A potassium atom changing to a potassium ion plus an electron
Electron
eKKPotassium atom Potassium ion
One positive Charge One negative Charge
So potassium lost an electron because it wanted a full orbital shell and you’ll see why…
Problem 4
Krypton has 48 neutrons
Atomic weight was 83.798 so you round up to 84. The atomic number is 36.
84 – 36 = 48 neutrons
red and green are opposites
assume red and green cancel each other
net color = neutral
take away one red
take away one red net color = 1 green
take away two red
take away two red net color = 2 green
net color = neutral
net color = 2 red
in this arrangement…
green is trapped inside.Only red ballscan be added ortaken away…
color = 2 green
color = 1 red
color = ?
3 red
color = ?
3 green
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the particlesthat make up atomshave eitherpositive or negative charge
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++
+
positive and negative are opposites
they cancel each other out
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++
+
net charge = zero
+
the positive (+) particle is called a
proton
the negative (-) particle is called an
electron
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in an atom,protons ( ) are inthe centerand electrons ( )are on the outside
+
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only electrons ( )can be addedor taken away
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this is an atom with5 electrons and
5 protons
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++
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the atom is neutral
net charge = zero
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+
5 (-) and 5 (+) = zero charge (neutral)
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++
+
++
++
+
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charge = ?
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charge = 1- (one minus)
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charge = ?
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2+ (two plus)
WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE
WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE
neutral 1+
WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE
WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE
neutral 2
WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
An atom with positive or negative charge
is called andrum roll
ION
Atoms without charge are called ATOMS
Atoms with positive or negative charge
are called IONS
Notice that ONLY the number of e- changes
The number of protons in anAtom NEVER changes
(Only electrons are added or subtracted)
(why?)
ions make up the salt you put on your eggs in the morning
ions are required for your brain to function(ions allow you to see and understand this presentation)
ions are an essential ingredient in soap
ions are required for cellular respiration C 6 H 1 2 O 6 + O 2 C O 2 + H 2 O
ions make up acids and bases
ions keep your blood functioning
ETCETERA
C 6 H 1 2 O 6 + O 2 C O 2 + H 2 O
ions make up the salt you put on your eggs in
ions are required for your brain to function(ions allow you to see and understand this presentation)
ions are an essential ingredient in soap
ions are required for cellular respiration
ions make up acids and bases
ions keep your blood functioning
the morning
Octet RuleA concept of chemical bonding theory that is
based on the assumption that atoms tend to have either empty valence shells or full valence shells of eight electrons.
What this means is: Atoms want to have a full shell. So they will loss or gain electrons to obtain a full shell.
Beryllium (Be) Has one more electron in its atom so it wants to get rid of it to have a complete shell
Iodine (I) Has one less electron to complete its shell so it wants to gain one more electron
Example Fluorine
Fluorine (Chemical symbol F) has the electron configuration: (write it)
1s 2s 2p 2 2 5 But how many electrons can 2p hold? 6
Fluorine wants to have a filled outer shell. So most Fluorine atoms will obtain one extra electron and make it a Fluorine Ion
The electron configuration would be:
1s 2s 2p 2 2 6 Because of the extra electronMore
Example continued
• What would the equation be?
F eF
Fluorine Atom
ElectronFluorine Ion
What Charge does it have?
-1
Homework
There is non today, but remember that your packet is due Friday.
You also have a Quiz Friday and a test on Monday.