Today’s classToday’s classfocus is onfocus is onphysical education physical education in the schools of in the schools of Texas.Texas.

THE “OLD” PE

required uniforms exercise in straight lines running laps for

punishment choosing sides to play

traditional games little or no organized

teaching

THE “NEW” PETHE “NEW” PE casual dress code learning stations success for all ability levels innovative games and programs

•Yoga•Rock Climbing•Martial arts•Frisbee

“Physical miseducation is a dragon that rears its ugly head for various reasons, and it is extremelytough to slay.”

Pangrazi & Darst

What is PhysicalWhat is PhysicalEducation?Education?

What is PhysicalWhat is PhysicalEducation?Education?

Who remembers the definition?Who remembers the definition?

PHYSICAL EDUCATION is an integral partof the total education process

and has as its aims the development of:

through the medium of physical activities that have been selected and planned

to achieve specific outcomes.

physically

mentally

socially &

emotionally fit citizens

Physical Education derives from play

and in its mature form is institutionalized in culture as sport and dance.

NASPE identified five major areas of PE outcomes

Motor Skills and Movement Competence

Health-Related Physical Fitness & Wellness

Human Performance Principles Social Skills and Positive Self-

Concept Lifetime Participation

Motor Motor Skills & CompetenceSkills & Competence

Motor Motor Skills & CompetenceSkills & Competence

Components of motor skills:•fundamental skills--locomotor, nonlocomotor, manipulative

•rhythmic•specialized for sport/games

Health-Related Physical Fitness & Wellness

Opportunity to develop and maintain personal health through physical activity and fitness• body comp, cr endurance, flexibility, muscle

strength & muscle endurance• activities included in each class• positive experiences• understand how to maintain wellness

throughout life

Human Performance

experience in a broad variety of activities, leading to increased enjoyment & participation

select activities for safety

Social Skills and Positive Self-Concept

participationcooperationcompetitiontolerancepositive feedback

Lifetime Participation

The ultimate measure of success is the number of students who participate in physical activities such as exercise, sport, dance, and outdoor adventure activities through their lives.

Issues Affecting PE

State/local requirements

coeducational classes students w/

disabilities community facilities private sports

instruction

Independent study Fitness vs. skill

development equipment,

facilities, class size legal liability coaching conflicts

WOULD YOU WOULD YOU KNOW A GOODKNOW A GOODSCHOOL PE SCHOOL PE PROGRAM IF YOU PROGRAM IF YOU SAW IT?SAW IT?

Successful programs have..

Positive environments

student options wide variety of

activities lifetime sports

Successful programs have..

outdoor ed health-related

fitness in-depth,

progressive instruction

new team sports

TEKS:TEKS:TEXAS ESSENTIAL

KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS

GRADES K-12

The TEKs determine what will be taught in Texas public school classes.

are arranged by subject. went into effect in 1998-99. run through all the applicable grades.

(PE is K-12) are used in measuring school

success.

BASIC BASIC UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDING

SS

BASIC BASIC UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDING

SS The entire sequence and scope The entire sequence and scope

for the curriculum in K-12 for the curriculum in K-12 physical education is based on physical education is based on two basic principles. two basic principles.

The basic understandings relate The basic understandings relate to to movement competencymovement competency and and meaningful meaningful physical activityphysical activity..

MOVEMENT MOVEMENT KNOWLEDGE & KNOWLEDGE &

SKILLSSKILLSprovide for… enjoyment continued skill

development increased

access to a physically active lifestyle

DAILY, MEANINGFUL DAILY, MEANINGFUL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTHFUL BEHAVIORSHEALTHFUL BEHAVIORS

are factors in…promotion of health

prevention and reduction of disease

K&S for K&S for each each

elementarelementary grade y grade

level level included included

references references to three to three areas...areas...

Movement Physical Activity & Health

Social Development

What are the specific

differences in expectations between the grades for elementary

PE? ??

Kindergarten TEKS include...

Movement• travel in different ways without

bumping into others• maintain balance while bearing

weight on a variety of body parts• walk forward & sideways the length

of a beam without falling

Kindergarten TEKS include

Physical Activity & Health• participate in appropriate

exercises for flexibility in shoulders, legs, and trunk

• locate the lungs and explain their purpose

• use equipment and space properly

Kindergarten TEKS include

Social Development• follow rules, procedures

and safe practices•work in a group setting

in cooperation with others

• respond appropriately to starting and stopping signals

1st Grade TEKS include1st Grade TEKS include Movement

• demonstrate proper foot patterns in hopping, jumping, skipping, leaping, galloping, and sliding.

• clap in time to a simple rhythmic beat

• recognize that motor skill development requires correct practice

1st Grade TEKS include

Social Development• explain boundaries and

rules for simple games• interact, cooperate and

respect others• resolve conflicts in

socially acceptable ways such as talking and asking the teacher for help

2nd Grade TEKS include Movement

•travel independently in a large group while safely changing direction

•recognize that attention to the feeling of movement is important in motor skill development

2nd grade TEKS include Physical Activity & Health

• identify how regular physical activity strengthens the heart, lungs, and muscular system

•participate in moderate to vigorous physical activities on a daily basis that cause in creased heart rate, breathing rate and perspiration

2nd grade TEKS include Social Development

•display good sportsmanship

• identify strategies in simple games and activities such as dodging to avoid being tagged.

•treat others with respect during play

3rd Grade TEKS include

Movement•demonstrate key elements in manipulative skills such as underhand throw, overhand throw, catch and kick such as position your side to the target.

3rd Grade TEKS include

Physical Activity & Health•distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic

•select and use proper attire that promotes participation and prevents injury

4th Grade TEKS includePhysical Activity & Health•name the components of health-related fitness such as strength, endurance, and flexibility.

4th Grade TEKS includeSocial Development

•respond to winning and losing with dignity and understanding

•work independently and stay on task

5th Grade TEKS include

Movement•demonstrate controlled balance on balance board, stilts, scooters, and skates

•perform selected folk dances

5th Grade TEKS include Physical Activity & Health

•common skeletal problems and their effect on the body such as spinal curvatures

•describe how movement and coordination are effected by alcohol and other drugs

5th Grade TEKS include

Social Development•describe fundamental strategies in net/wall, invasion, target, and fielding games

The PE curriculum continues with TEKS for...

Middle School, grade 6Middle School, grade 6 Middle School, grade 7Middle School, grade 7 Middle School, grade 8Middle School, grade 8 High School coursesHigh School courses

Middle School, grade 6Middle School, grade 6 Middle School, grade 7Middle School, grade 7 Middle School, grade 8Middle School, grade 8 High School coursesHigh School courses

Grades 6,7,8 have the same seven basic

TEKS topics* forMiddle/Junior High

Physical Education. *but the sub-areas differ through the grade levels.

competency in fundamental movement patterns

applies movement concepts to settings.

understands basic components of structured physical activities

exhibits physically active lifestyle

knows benefits from involvement applies safety practices develops self-management and

social skills

However...However...Each grade has many sub-areas...2-12 of them!Sub-areas differ from grade to grade.A teacher would have to plan carefully to teach all the TEKS!

Imagine just one area of Imagine just one area of Physical Education...Physical Education...

Rhythms! Are there

Rhythmical activities for Secondary School PE identified by the TEKS?

Yes!

For example:For example:In the area of competency in In the area of competency in fundamental movement fundamental movement patterns:patterns:

6th grade: “uses 6th grade: “uses locomotor skills in locomotor skills in dynamic fitness, sport dynamic fitness, sport and rhythmic activities”and rhythmic activities”

7th & 8th grade 7th & 8th grade mentions performing mentions performing folk, country, & aerobic folk, country, & aerobic dancesdances

Could Could archeryarchery be in the be in the middle school PE middle school PE

curriculum?curriculum? Sure! Many of the TEKs

relate specifically to skills learned in archery.

The 7th and 8th grade movement concepts could really be taught using archery!

Could Could indoor soccerindoor soccer be in be in the middle school PE the middle school PE

curriculum?curriculum? You bet. All three grades

stress modified activities.

7th & 8th grade stress games involving invasion, targets, and fielding!

Some school districts have prepared curriculum guides.

The teacher usually has the most control.

Adolescent needs dictate variety so that all can find success.

Balance between team, individual activities.

Health-related fitness is a must!

Who Who decides decides

what units what units to teach in to teach in

middle middle school PE?school PE?

There are five specific semester-credit courses that may be taught.

Foundations of Personal Fitness (taken first)

Aerobic ActivitiesAdventure/Outdoor EducationIndividual SportsTeam Sports

What about PE in What about PE in the high schools?the high schools?

Each high school course has its

own set of TEKs.

TEKS: TEKS: Foundations of Foundations of

Personal Personal FitnessFitness Application of principles to

improve health-related fitness Self-management and social skills Safety practices Application of personal fitness program Comprehension of HR-fitness information

FPF has a textbookFPF has a textbook! The State Board of

Education approved 4 text as choices.

Each district can select one to use.

All four of the books are designed to meet TEKs.

TEKS: Adventure TEKS: Adventure EducationEducation

Relate to performance in such activities as...backpackingcampinghikingorienteeringwater sports

TEKS: TEKS:

AerobicAerobic ActivitiesActivities

Relate to activities such as:Power walkingRecreation danceAerobic danceStep aerobicsWater aerobicsCyclingJogging

TEKS: TEKS: Individual Individual

SportsSports

Table TennisSelf-DefenseGolfBicyclingWeight TrainingTennisGymnasticsArcheryBadminton

Samples listed Samples listed include: flag football, include: flag football, floor hockey, soccer, floor hockey, soccer, softball, volleyball.softball, volleyball.

Emphasis includes Emphasis includes relationship to relationship to achievement of achievement of health-related goals.health-related goals.

TEKS: Team TEKS: Team SportsSports

There are no texts for these other high school PE

classes! There may be specific

district curriculum guides. The teacher is usually the

most significant factor in deciding what activities will be taught within the high school course.

Why follow the Why follow the TEKS?TEKS?

Why follow the Why follow the TEKS?TEKS?

To provide a developmentally-appropriate curriculum for your students.

To insure sequential learning throughout the grades.

To meet the standards for school accreditation by the state of Texas.

Do you agree?

PE curriculum has an obvious scope & sequence based on goals that are appropriate for all children.

Do you agree?

Fitness assessment should be a part of ongoing process of improving well-being.

Do you agree?

Students should be prepared for each component of a physical test and results shared privately & with parents.

Do you agree?

Class teams should be formed in ways that preserve dignity.

Do you agree?

Enough equipment should be available so that each child benefits from maximum participation.

Do you agree?

Equipment should be matched to the size, confidence and skill level of the student.

Do you agree?

The physical educator needs to be an advocate for our subject matter within the context of the school and to provide a model of involvement and a healthy life-style.

LEGALLEGALLIABILITYLIABILITY

The risk of injury in PE/Sport necessitates that leaders

comply with their responsibilities.

Many people today Many people today are seeking legal are seeking legal redress for real or redress for real or perceived perceived mistreatment.mistreatment.

Negligence is most frequent claim.

Occurs by omission or Occurs by omission or commissioncommission

anytime a person fails to anytime a person fails to act as a “reasonable and act as a “reasonable and prudent person”prudent person”

Negligence exists Negligence exists when...when...

There is a duty.

Negligence exists Negligence exists when...when...

There is a breach of that duty.

Negligence exists Negligence exists when...when...

The breach was the proximate cause of the injury.

Negligence exists Negligence exists when...when...

The injuries are substantial in nature.

Common Legal DefensesCommon Legal Defensesagainst Negligenceagainst Negligence

Assumption Assumption of Riskof Risk

Common Legal DefensesCommon Legal Defensesagainst Negligenceagainst Negligence

Contributory or comparative negligencePlaintiff had behaviors that contributed to the injury.

Comparative apportions damages between plaintiff and defendant.

Strategies to avoid negligence charges

•Follow school, employer and state guidelines.•Distribute safety procedure statement to director/parents

Strategies to avoid negligence charges

•Establish emergency care procedures•Establish procedures of injury reporting/treatment.

Strategies to avoid negligence charges

•Carry liability insurance with broad coverage.

Strategies to avoidStrategies to avoidnegligence chargesnegligence charges

•Purchase the best equipment that budget will allow.•Check facilities and record actions.

Strategies to avoidStrategies to avoidnegligence chargesnegligence charges

•Follow methodology of skill-progression.

Strategies to avoidStrategies to avoidnegligence chargesnegligence charges

•Learn and utilize the best instructional techniques.•Closely supervise all activities.