Today’s goal

• Under Thomas Jefferson’s administration, the people were expected to run their own affairs and government would be small.

• The Supreme Court became stronger with “judicial review”, under Chief Justice John Marshall.

• One more war with Britain concluded with both sides working out territorial and legal problems between each other.

• Under presidents Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, US territory and influence in the world increased.

The Jeffersonian Era

p. 112

Vocabulary

• Democratic-Republicans• Political party of Thomas Jefferson.• Anti-Federalist Party.• Narrowly won the presidential election, when

a group of Federalists, under Alexander Hamilton, voted for Jefferson over Aaron Burr.– Hamilton did not think Burr was qualified to be

president.

Jeffersonian Republicanism

• Jefferson’s theory of government• People should control the government• Government should be small – Reduced government offices and programs to save

money• Reduce the military• Fewer social functions (parties and such)

• Eliminated taxes• Reduced the Bank of the United States

Marbury v. Madison

• Marbury was promised a government position by out-going president, John Adams.

• In-coming president, Thomas Jefferson, cancelled all Adams’ appointments.

• Marbury sued Secretary of State, James Madison, to get his job…..

• It went to the Supreme Court…..• SCOTUS’ decision was in favor of Jefferson…..• Marbury v. Madison also made the Supreme Court very

powerful and binding in its decisions.

Judicial review

• Marbury v. Madison established the governing principle that the Supreme Court could declare a law, or part of it, or act of an executive, unconstitutional.

• The specific case declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, passed by Congress, to be unconstitutional.

John Marshall

• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court• Politically a Federalist• He greatly increased the power of the

Supreme Court, by establishing the principle of “judicial review”

Louisiana Purchase

• 1803, Napoleon Bonaparte needed money to fight his European wars.

• He sold the French territory of Louisiana to the US for $15 million dollars (around $314 million today) in gold.

• Land area doubled the size of the United States.• Jefferson sent the Lewis and Clark expedition to

explore and map the land to the Pacific Ocean.

impressment

• During the Napoleonic wars, US ships traded with both France and Britain.

• The French and the British threatened US ships trading with the other side.

• Britain went farther by outrageously taking US sailors of US ships and forcing them into service in the British navy.

• This kidnapping of mostly American citizens was one of the reasons Americans wanted war with Britain in 1812.

James Monroe

• Elected president in 1816• Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams,

exercised a nationalistic foreign policy, not favoring either the agricultural South or the industrial North.

Monroe Doctrine• 1823, President reads a speech that warns Europeans…..

– NOT to interfere with affairs in the western hemisphere.– Not to begin any new colonies– Not to try to overthrow the newly independent Latin American

republics• Because the US would consider such action, “dangerous to

our peace and safety”.• He also promised the US would not interfere in European

affairs.• The US has used the Monroe Doctrine up to recent

history……

End hwk

• Begin class work

EC: In what way(s) were the Democratic- Republicans similar to today’s

Republican Party• small government

– Individuals and states more in control of handling their needs

• Pro-business/industry• Reduce taxes

Democrat Party• Pro-immigrant• Believed in separation of

church and state.

p . 113, Making Inferences

• He cut taxes• Reduced expenses• Simplified the government

p. 113, Evaluating Decisions

• It provided the Supreme Court with the right to review acts of Congress, or other acts of the government, thereby maintaining the checks and balances system created by the Constitution.

p. 115, Geography Skillbuilder

• 1.• About 3500• 2• About 5 miles per day

p. 114, Summarizing

• It led to the end of the Federalist Party• It encouraged US production of goods

previously imported from Britain• It continued the status of the US as an

independent nation

p. 116, Summarizing

– Established a border with Canada along the 49th parallel

– Convinced Spain to cede Florida to the US• Adams-Onis Treaty

– Arranged for joint occupation of the Oregon Territory with Britain

p. 116, Geography Skillbuilder

• 1.• British Territory, later known as Canada• 2.• The area between the Mississippi River and

the Rocky Mountains—The Great Plains, much of the Gulf Coast, and Florida.

p. 117, Predicting Effects

• It could be a source of peace • if it prevented foreign nations from intruding

upon US territory.• It could be a source of conflict • if foreign nations ignored the Monroe

Doctrine and the US were forced into armed conflict to defend its interests.

p. 117, 3 Evaluating Leadership

• Jefferson:– Reduced size of the military– Decreased power of the Bank of the United States– Authorized the Louisiana Purchase– Failed to address the issue of British interference

in American affairs.

p. 117, 4, Evaluating

• The War of 1812: • Contributed to the demise of the Federalist

Party• Encouraged American industrial independence

from Britain• Confirmed the independence of the United

States

Today’s goal (review)

• Under Thomas Jefferson’s administration, the people were expected to run their own affairs and government would be small.

• The Supreme Court became stronger with “judicial review”, under Chief Justice John Marshall.

• One more war with Britain concluded with both sides working out territorial and legal problems between each other.

• Under presidents Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, US territory and influence in the world increased.