Date post: | 26-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | henry-alexander |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Today’s Issues:
Africa
European colonialism of the 1800s has left most of today’s independent African nations with economic, health, educational, and political problems.
A soldier stands guard in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo.
NEXT
SECTION 1 Economic Development
SECTION 2 Health Care
Today’s Issues:
Africa
Case Study Effects of Colonialism
Unit Map: Physical Unit Map: PoliticalUnit Atlas: Physical
NEXT
Unit Atlas: Political
Section 1
Economic Development • Africa’s history of colonization has had
long-term effects on its economy.
• Barriers to African economic development include illiteracy, foreign debt, and a lack of manufacturing industries.
NEXT
Africa’s Economy Today
A History of Problems • Most countries do little manufacturing
- sell raw materials to industrialized countries • European colonizers exploited Africa’s resources,
people - millions sold into slavery or died from harsh
working conditions• Took the strongest Africans out • Land was mined, drilled; environment was
ignored • All this has limited Africa’s economic growth,
political stability• In 2001, Ghana peacefully elected a new
president
SECTION
1 Economic Development
Continued . . .NEXT
SECTION
1
continued Africa’s Economy Today
Africa’s Economic Status • Most African countries are worse off today than in
1960- average incomes have decreased- worldwide: accounts for 1% of total GNP, 1.5% of
exports • Rely heavily on raw materials for their income
NEXT
On the Road to Development
Reducing Debt and Increasing Cooperation • Newly independent countries borrowed money to
build economies- total debt of sub-Saharan governments was $227
billion by 1997- many Western leaders push to forgive Africa’s
debts • Trying to improve economies through regional
cooperation - Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS)- Southern African Development Community
(SADC)- groups promote trade, improvement of
infrastructure
SECTION
1
NEXT
Continued . . .
SECTION
1
continued On the Road to Development
Building Industries • “One-commodity” countries rely on export of one
or two commodities- commodity—agricultural or mining product that
can be sold- value varies daily based on worldwide supply and
demand- this makes “one-commodity” nations’ economies
unstable • Economists want Africans to diversify—create
variety in economies- promote manufacturing to achieve economic
growth and stabilty • East Africa’s Djibouti established shipping center on
Gulf of Aden NEXT
Map
Educating Workers
Improving Education • Uneducated populace is a large barrier to economic
development • Average schooling time for women up only 1.2
years in last 40 years • In Angola and Somalia, civil wars have destroyed
school systems • But in Algeria, 94% get a formal education
- 83% of Mauritians over 15 are literate
SECTION
1
NEXT
Reversing the Brain Drain • Many professionals migrate to Western nations
- International Organization for Migration urgesreturn
Section 2
Health Care• Epidemic diseases are killing Africa’s
people in huge numbers.
• African nations and countries around the world are using a variety of methods, including education, to eradicate disease.
NEXT
Disease and Despair
Serious Diseases • Cholera — sometimes fatal infection
- spread by poor sanitation, lack of clean water • Malaria—often-fatal infectious disease marked by
chills, fever- carried by mosquitoes; resistant to drugs due to
overuse • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)—
caused by HIV virus- 70% of adult, 80% of child AIDS cases are in
Africa- often paired with tuberculosis—infectious
respiratory infection
SECTION
2 Health Care
NEXT
AIDS Stalks the Continent
Africa Bears the Brunt • 3 million died from AIDS worldwide in 2000
- 2.4 million lived in sub-Saharan Africa • In Swaziland, 3 of 4 deaths were from AIDS
- life expectancy has fallen from 58 years to 39 • In 2000, 26 million people in Africa had HIV or AIDS
SECTION
2
NEXT
Continued . . .
Map
SECTION
2
continued AIDS Stalks the Continent
A High Price to Pay • Widespread disease has economic consequences
- sick people work less or not at all, earn less, slipinto poverty
• AIDS is lowering South Africa’s GDP- by 2010, it could be 17% lower compared to
without AIDS • Medical care for AIDS patients is expensive
- UNAIDS estimates $4.63 billion needed to fightAIDS in Africa
- UNAIDS—United Nations program studying AIDS epidemic
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued Nations Respond
Strategies Against AIDS • South Africa, Brazil work together on AIDS
prevention, care- Brazil has public health policies to fight AIDS,
other diseases- Brazil’s policies are considered a model for
developing nations
NEXT
Continued . . .
SECTION
2
continued Nations Respond
Success Stories • Uganda and Senegal have reduced spread of HIV
- in 1997, Uganda offers same-day HIV tests,education programs
- infection rates among 15 to 24 year olds havedropped 50%
• Senegal controls spread of AIDS with intensive education program- infection rates have been below 2% since mid-
1980s • UNAIDS says HIV infection rates in sub-Saharan
Africa are down- 1999–2000: dropped by 200,000 cases, but
figure may be misleading
NEXT