Today’s Issues:South Asia
South Asia faces the challenges of rapid population growth, destructive weather, and territorial disputes caused by religious and ethnic differences.
Rickshaw drivers in Calcutta, India, wait for customers during a monsoon.
NEXT
SECTION 1 Population Explosion
SECTION 2 Living with Extreme Weather
Today’s Issues:South Asia
Case Study Territorial Dispute
Unit Atlas: PoliticalUnit Atlas: Physical
NEXT
Section 1Population Explosion • Explosive population growth in South Asia
has contributed to social and economic ills in the region.
• Education is key to controlling population growth and improving the quality of life in South Asia.
NEXT
Growing Pains Rapid growth • In 2000, India’s population reached 1 billion • Rapid growth means many citizens lack life’s basic
necessities- food, clothing, shelter
• South Asia must manage population growth so economies can develop
SECTION
1
Continued . . .
Population Explosion
NEXT
SECTION
1
Population Grows • India’s population was 300 million in 1947; has
since tripled • So large that even 2% growth rate produces
population explosion • Unless rate slows, India will have 1.5 billion by 2045
- would be the world’s most populous country
(passing China) • India, Pakistan, Bangladesh among top 10 most
populous countries- region has 22% of world’s population, lives on 3% of world’s land
continued Growing Pains
Continued . . .NEXT
Map
SECTION
1
Inadequate Resources • Region has widespread poverty, illiteracy—inability
to read or write- poor sanitation, health education lead to disease
outbreaks • Every year, to keep pace, India would have to:
- build 127,000 new schools and 2.5 million new
homes- create 4 million new jobs- produce 6 million more tons of food
continued Growing Pains
NEXT
Chart
Managing Population Growth Smaller Families • India spends nearly $1 billion a year encouraging
smaller families • Programs have only limited success
- Indian women marry before age 18, start having
babies early- to poor, children are source of money (begging,
working fields)- children can later take care of elderly parents- have more kids to beat high infant mortality
SECTION
1
Continued . . .NEXT
SECTION
1
Education is a Key • Growth factors can be changed with education, but
funds are limited- India spends under $6 per pupil a year on
education- U.S. spends $6,320 per pupil a year
• Education could break cycle of poverty, raise living standards- improves females’ status with job opportunities- better health care education could lower infant
mortality rates
continued Managing Population Growth
NEXT
Section 2Living with Extreme Weather • South Asia experiences a yearly cycle of
floods, often followed by drought. • The extreme weather in South Asia leads to
serious physical, economic, and political consequences.
NEXT
The Monsoon Seasons Summer and Winter Wind Systems • Annual cycle of extreme weather makes life difficult • Monsoon is wind system, not a rainstorm; two
monsoon seasons • Summer monsoon—blows moist from southwest,
across Indian Ocean- blows June through September, causes
rainstorms, flooding • Winter monsoon—blows cool from northeast,
across Himalayas, to sea- blows October through February, can cause
drought
Living with Extreme Weather SECTION
2
NEXT
Interactive
Impact of the Monsoons Physical Impact • Summer monsoons nourish rain forests, irrigate
crops- floodwaters bring rich sediment to soil, but can
also damage crops • Cyclones are common with summer monsoons
- called hurricanes in North America- cause flooding, widespread destruction - 1970 Bangladesh cyclone killed 300,000
• Winter monsoon droughts turn lush lands into arid wastelands
SECTION
2
Continued . . .NEXT
SECTION
2
Economic Impact • Floods, droughts make agriculture difficult
- countries buy what they can’t grow; famine looms
• Weather catastrophes also destroy homes, families- people often too poor to rebuild, governments
lack funds to help • People build: houses on stilts, concrete cyclone
shelters, dams • Region gets international aid and billions of dollars
in loans- aid can’t keep up with disasters, debts result
continued Impact of the Monsoons
NEXT
Continued . . .
Image
SECTION
2
Political Tensions • Weather conditions also cause political disputes • India builds Farakka dam across Ganges before it
enters Bangladesh- India wants to bring water to city of Kolkata- dam leaves little water for Bangladesh- many of Bangladesh’s farmers lose land, illegally
flee to India- dispute is settled in 1997 with a treaty specifying
water rights
continued Impact of the Monsoons
NEXT
Case Study Territorial Dispute
BACKGROUND• Kashmir territory is strategically located at foot
of Himalayas • Territory of 12 million people surrounded by
Pakistan, China, India • India and Pakistan have fought three wars over
Kashmir since 1947 • Dispute threatens region’s stability, countries’
economic well-being • Danger increases now that both countries have
nuclear weapons
How Can India and Pakistan Resolve Their Dispute Over Kashmir?
NEXT
Interactive
Case Study
Partitioning • British left India in 1947 and partitioned—divided—
the subcontinent - created two independent countries- India is predominantly Hindu, Pakistan is mostly Muslim
• Britain lets each Indian state choose which country to join- Muslim states join Pakistan, Hindu states
remain in India
NEXT
A Controversy Over Territory
Continued . . .
Case Study
Politics and Religion • Kashmir’s problem: population is Muslim, but its
leader was Hindu • Maharajah of Kashmir wants an independent
nation- but is forced to cede territory to India in 1947
• Pakistan invades; a year later India still controls much of Kashmir
• India, Pakistan fight two more wars over Kashmir in 1965, 1971- dispute remains unresolved; each country still controls part - China has had a small portion since 1962
NEXT
continued A Controversy Over Territory
Continued . . .
Case Study
A Question of Economics • Indus River flows through Kashmir
- many of its tributaries originate in the territory
• Indus is critical source of drinking, irrigation water in Pakistan- Pakistan doesn’t want India to control that resource
• Kashmir is a strategic prize neither side will give up
continued A Controversy Over Territory
NEXT
Case Study
Dangerous Testing • India and Pakistan each test nuclear weapons in
1998- raise fears that the 50-year-old dispute could go nuclear- after tests, both countries vow to seek political solution
• Border clashes continue- Pakistan supports Kashmir Muslims fighting Indian rule
NEXT
A Nuclear Nightmare
Continued . . .
Case Study
A Question of Priorities • Both India and Pakistan have large populations,
widespread poverty- both overspend on troops, arms, nuclear
programs- that money could be used for education and
social programs • Resolving Kashmir problem would bring peace
- the quality of people’s lives could start improving
- resolution could reduce the region’s political
tensions
continued A Nuclear Nightmare
NEXT
This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button.
Print TextPrint Text
Print Slide Show1. On the File menu, select Print2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint
If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue to step 4
3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline
4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint presentation
Print Text Version1. Click the Print Text button below; a text file will open in
Adobe Acrobat2. On the File menu, select Print3. Click the Print button to print the entire document, or
select the pages you want to print
CONTINUE
