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Toll Technology - 101
2008 ITS Washington Annual MeetingBart Cima, IBI Group - SeattleNovember 12, 2008
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Technology and Policy - Inextricably Connected
TOLL POLICYOPTIONS
TOLLTECHNOLOGY
CHOICES
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Key Elements of Tolling
1.Set the Toll
2.Collect the Toll
3.Enforcement
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Examples of Technology Choices
1. Cash
2. Electronic Toll Collection
3. Open Road Tolling
4. High Occupancy Tolling (HOT) Lanes
5. Ubiquitous Tolling
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Cash Toll Collection
1. Set the Toll• Fixed• Axle Based
2. Collect the Toll• Single Lane• Stop to Pay• Toll Collector• Automatic Coin Machine
3. Enforcement• Gates and Lights
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Electronic Toll Collection
1. Set the Toll• Fixed, Time of Day• Axle Based
2. Collect the Toll• Single Lane• Slow to Pay• Automatic Vehicle Identification
• Radio Frequency Identification
3. Enforcement• Gates• Cameras
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Open Road Tolling
1. Set the Toll
– Variable
– Axle Based or Shape Based
2. Collect the Toll
– Multiple Lanes
– Highway Speeds
– Automatic Vehicle Identification OR
– Automatic License Plate Recognition
3. Enforcement
– Cameras
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Automatic Vehicle Identification
TransponderMounted in
Vehicle
Reader Uses Radio Waves To Capture
ID #
ID# Used To Charge Account
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ITS Washington Annual Meeting
Automatic License Plate Recognition
If NO Transponder,
Cameras Capture Image of Plate
License Plate Linked to Registered Account or User Initiated Payment
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Vehicle Classification – Setting the Toll
Roadway Sensor
Determines # of Axles
Toll Rate Based on Axles
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High Occupancy Tolling (HOT) Lanes
1. Set the Toll– Dynamic – Based on Traffic– Vehicle Occupancy
• SOV’s Pay
2. Collect the Toll
i. Only Transponders for SOV ‘s
ii. Only Transponders for SOV ‘s with SOV/HOV Declaration Lanes
iii. Transponders for All with SOV/HOV Declaration Lanes
iv. SOV/HOV Declaration Transponder
v. HOV License Plate Registration
3. Enforcement– Visual– Self Declaration
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ITS Washington Annual Meeting
“Ubiquitous” Tolling
1. Set the Toll– Charge for Use of “All” Roads
(or all roads of particular type)– Toll Based On
• Distance• Congestion• Time of Day• Vehicle Type• Emissions
2. Collect the Toll– Multiple Lanes – Highway Speeds– On-Board Unit with GPS
3. Enforcement– Cameras– Mobile Units
Source: Toll Collect GmbH
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Conclusions
• Solution Should Address the Problem
• Policy Should be Mindful of Technology
• Moved from Cash to Cashless
• Moved from Stop to Non-Stop
• Tools In Place for Using Pricing to Manage Congestion
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Contact Information
Bart Cima, PE
IBI Group
206-521-9091