NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Tonawanda Community Air Quality Study
New York State Department ofEnvironmental Conservation
National Air Monitoring ConferenceNovember 4, 2009
Gaylord Opryland Hotel - Nashville, TN
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Purpose of the Study• Participate in the National Ambient Air
Toxics Monitoring Strategy• Characterize the degree and extent of
local-scale air toxics concerns• Provide information for the community
and State and Local government to identify the need for implementing risk reduction strategies
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Why Was Tonawanda Selected ?
• Community concerns about ambient concentrations of benzene and other compounds
• EPA’s 1999 National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) for Erie County
• Coke Oven Residual Risk Assessment prepared by EPA
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Tonawanda Study Plan
• Collect monitoring data from 4 sites for 1 year• Analyze pollutant specific data
– Evaluate influence of wind direction on monitored concentrations
– Compare annual average concentrations to health- based guidelines and characterize risk
– Assess emissions and potential contribution to monitored concentrations
• Mobile sources, large (major) and small (area) industrial, and manufacturing sources
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Tonawanda Study Plan
• Enhance emission inventory for large and small sources
• Model these emissions to:– Allow for comparison to monitored values– Allow for analysis of previously modeled air toxics
(EPA’s NATA)– Evaluate a new multi-facility modeling tool
developed by EPA– Evaluate previous Coke Oven modeling results,
conducted for Residual Risk Assessment
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Toxics Measured
• 44 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and 12 Carbonyls
• 1 in 6 day sampling schedule (24 hour samples)
• 15 of the chemicals are high priority urban air toxics targeted for reductions by the 1990 Clean Air Act
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Monitoring Report
• Air monitors and meteorological station operated for one year successfully
• Data capture greater than 90% for all sites• The comparison of monitored data to:
– Annual Guideline Concentration (AGC)
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5 )
• New York State and the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), 15 g/m3
– Brookside Terrace Yearly average, 12.6 g/m3
• New York State and NAAQS 24-hour standard, 35 g/m3 (98th percentile)– 24-hour measured concentration at
Brookside Terrace, 32.1 g/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2 )• New York State and the National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAQS), 0.03 ppm– Tonawanda Yearly average, 0.003 ppm
• New York State and NAAQS 24-hour standard, 0.14 ppm– Sampling days
• Minimum 24 hour value, < 0.0003 ppm• Maximum 24 hour value, 0.008 ppm
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Toxics Results
• Presenting results for 6 compounds– Five had annual results above the AGC– One was of concern to the community
• 9 additional compounds had results with consistent detectable concentrations but below the AGC
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Conclusion (given at start of last public meeting)
The results of the community air quality monitoring study and data analysis indicates there is a need for a focused effort to reduce the burden of air toxics in the Tonawanda area.
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Compounds greater than the AGC
• Volatile Organic Compounds– Benzene– Acrolein– Carbon tetrachloride
• Carbonyls
– Formaldehyde– Acetaldehyde
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
• Manmade sources include: • Tobacco smoke• Motor vehicle• Oil and natural gas production• Petroleum refining & distribution• Burning coal, oil and gas• Gasoline service stations• Coke ovens and coal chemical manufacturing• Rubber tire manufacturing• Storage or transport of benzene
• Natural sources• Emissions from wildfires
Benzene Sources
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Benzene Sources in Tonawanda• Point Sources
– Indeck Yerkes Energy Services – Goodyear Dunlop Tires – NOCO Energy Corp.– NRG Huntley Electric Generating– Sunoco Tonawanda Terminal– Tonawanda Coke Corp.
• Area Sources– Gasoline stations, truck terminals– Commercial and Industrial Boilers
• Mobile Sources– Car and truck exhaust/evaporative
Benzene 12 month average
0.00
3.00
6.00
9.00
12.00
Beaver IslandState Park
BrooksideTerrace Drive
Grand IslandBlvd
Sheridan ParkWater Tower
Con
cent
ratio
n g
/m3
2007 State annual averageAGC - 0.13 g/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
NYS Benzene Monitoring Data 2005-2007Benzene Cancer Risk
02468
1012141618
BTRSWTBISPLA
CK NFRCHTROY
WFPS-59NY-B
GPS-27
4FWFKGIS-52
Monitoring Sites
risk/
mill
ion
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Next StepsBenzene-Log Scale
0.1
1
10
100
7/5/
077/
11/0
77/
17/0
77/
23/0
77/
29/0
78/
4/07
8/10
/07
8/16
/07
8/22
/07
8/28
/07
9/3/
079/
9/07
9/15
/07
9/21
/07
9/27
/07
10/3
/07
10/9
/07
10/1
5/07
10/2
1/07
10/2
7/07
11/2
/07
11/8
/07
11/1
4/07
11/2
0/07
11/2
6/07
12/2
/07
12/8
/07
12/1
4/07
12/2
0/07
12/2
6/07
1/1/
081/
7/08
1/13
/08
1/19
/08
1/25
/08
1/31
/08
2/6/
082/
12/0
82/
18/0
82/
24/0
83/
1/08
3/7/
083/
13/0
83/
19/0
83/
25/0
83/
31/0
84/
6/08
4/12
/08
4/18
/08
4/24
/08
4/30
/08
5/6/
085/
12/0
85/
18/0
85/
24/0
85/
30/0
86/
5/08
6/11
/08
6/17
/08
6/23
/08
6/29
/08
7/5/
087/
11/0
8
Date
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/m
3)
BISPGIBIBTRSSPWT
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Benzene Conc.Beaver Island SP
0.56 ug/m3
Grand Island Blvd
45 ug/m3
Brookside Terrace
10 ug/m3
October 3, 2007
Next Steps
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
–Scale Max. ≈
60 µg/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
–Scale Max. ≈
10–Scale Max. ≈
60 µg/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
–Scale Max. ≈
1–Scale Max. ≈
60 µg/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
–Scale Max. ≈
1–Scale Max. ≈
60 µg/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Benzene Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Benzene Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Benzene Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Benzene Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Benzene Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Benzene Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Acrolein• Manmade sources
• Tobacco smoke• Chemical manufacturing (acrylic acid)• Combustion of petrochemical fuels and coal• Mobile source exhaust (cars, trucks, airplanes)• Formed when cooking fats are overheated• Breakdown by sunlight of various hydrocarbon pollutants
(such as 1,3-butadiene)• Used as an herbicide and algicide
• Natural sources• Product of fermentation and ripening processes• Released when organic matter such as trees and other
plants, including tobacco, are burned
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Acrolein Sources in Tonawanda• Point Sources
– 3M Tonawanda– Indeck Yerkes Energy Services– NRG Huntley Electric Generating – Tonawanda Coke Corp.
• Area Sources– Commercial and Industrial Boilers
• Mobile Sources– Car and truck exhaust
Acrolein 12 month average
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
Beaver IslandState Park
BrooksideTerrace Drive
Grand IslandBlvd
Sheridan ParkWater Tower
Con
cent
ratio
n g
/m3
AGC - 0.018 g/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Acrolein Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Formaldehyde• Manmade Sources
– Predominantly used as a chemical intermediate– Manufacturing of urea-formaldehyde resins, used
in particleboard products– Combustion sources, smoking– Mobile exhaust emissions– Breakdown of other compounds
• Natural Sources– Wildfires, animal wastes, plant volatiles
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Formaldehyde Sources in Tonawanda
• Point Sources• Indeck Yerkes Energy Services• NRG Huntley Electric Generating• Tonawanda Coke
• Area Sources– Industrial Boilers
• 3M Tonawanda• FMC Corp.• Goodyear Dunlop Tires
• Mobile Sources– Car and truck exhaust
Formaldehyde 12 month average
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
Beaver IslandState Park
BrooksideTerrace Drive
Grand IslandBlvd
Sheridan ParkWater Tower
Con
cent
ratio
n g
/m3
2007 State annual average
AGC - 0.06g/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Formaldehyde Pollution Roses
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Acetaldehyde• Manmade
– intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, perfumes, polyester resins, and basic dyes.
– solvent in the rubber, tanning, and paper industries
– product of incomplete combustion• Natural Sources
– Wildfires
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Acetaldehyde Sources in Tonawanda
• Point Sources– 3M Tonawanda– Goodyear Dunlop– Indeck Yerkes Energy Services
• Area Sources– Commercial and Industrial Boilers
• Mobile Sources– Car and truck exhaust
Acetaldehyde 12 month average
0.00
0.40
0.80
1.20
1.60
Beaver IslandState Park
BrooksideTerrace Drive
Grand IslandBlvd
Sheridan ParkWater Tower
Con
cent
ratio
n g
/m3
2007 State annual averageAGC - 0.45g/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Carbon tetrachloride• Manmade sources
– Manufacturing agent for refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans
– Solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, and resins– Grain fumigant– Dry cleaning agent– Consumer and fumigant uses have been discontinued– Production and consumption phased out in U.S in 1999
• Natural Sources– No natural sources
Carbon tetrachloride 12 month average
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Beaver IslandState Park
BrooksideTerrace Drive
Grand IslandBlvd
Sheridan ParkWater Tower
Con
cent
ratio
n g
/m3
2007 State annual averageAGC - 0.063 g/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
– Carbon Tetrachloride Pollution Roses
Carbon disulfide 12 month average
0.00
0.40
0.80
1.20
1.60
2.00
Beaver IslandState Park
BrooksideTerrace Drive
Grand IslandBlvd
Sheridan ParkWater Tower
Con
cent
ratio
n g
/m3
AGC - 700 g/m3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Commitment to the Public• Keep public informed by holding
public meetings to discuss project and results
• Continue to work on air pollution reduction strategies
• Collaborate with the Clean Air Coalition of Western N.Y.
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Questions• About Tonawanda facilities and emissions
Larry Sitzman (716) 851-7130• About Tonawanda study
Toxics Analysis - Tom Gentile (518) 402-8402Monitoring - Paul Sierzenga (518) 402-8508
Final report available at:
www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/55471.html
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Risk Assessment Terminology• What is an Annual Guideline
Concentration (AGC)?• What is non-cancer risk?• What is cancer risk?
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Non-Cancer RiskThe risk associated with health effects
other than cancer that have AGCs based on animal or human toxicity studies. The AGC represents a value that is likely to be without appreciable risk of harmful effects during a lifetime.
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Cancer RiskOne in one million – the AGC represents
the likelihood that up to one person, out of one million equally exposed people would contract cancer if exposed continuously (24 hrs/day) to that concentration over a lifetime.
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Framework for Risk Management
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Measured to Modeled NATAMonitor to NATA 2002 - Benzene
0.000
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
Beaver Island Park 007302
Brookside Terrace 007800
Grand Island Blvd. 008300
Sheridan Water Tower008300
Monitoring Sites
ug/m
3 MonitorNATA
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Monitor to RAIMI Model - Benzene
0.000
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
Beaver Island StatePark
Brookside Terrace Grand Island Blvd. Sheridan Ave WaterTower
Monitoring Locations
ug/m
3 MonitorModel
Measured to Modeled - RAIMI
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Monitor to HEM3 model - Benzene
0.000
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
Beaver Island StatePark
Brookside Terrace Grand Island Blvd. Sheridan AveWater Tower
Monitoring Sites
ug/m
3 MonitorModel - HEM3
Measured to Modeled – HEM3
NYS Department of Environmental ConservationNYS Department of Environmental Conservation
Monitor to RAIMI Model - Carbon disulfide
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Beaver Island StatePark
Brookside Terrace Grand Island Blvd. Sheridan AveWater Tower
Monitoring Sites
ug/m
3 MonitorRAIMI
Measured to Modeled - RAIMI