Tony RoskillyNewcastle University

Pumped Heat Energy Storage

National Facility for Pumped heat energy storage

21st November 2017

Professor Tony RoskillyDr Andy Smallbone

Sir Joseph Swan Centre for Energy Research

3

Sir Joseph Swan Centre for Energy Research

Building, industrial and transport demand

reduction

Thermal systems and combustion

Mechanical and electric power

systems

Intelligent networks and energy storage

Electrochemistry and hydrogen

Resilient Infrastructure and

systems

Clean use of fossil fuel

Logistics and planningJustice and governance

Bio-resource production, recovery

and use

Renewable energy systems

Environmental impact assessment and

mitigation

Highlighted activity

• Newcastle, Cambridge, Oxford, UCL and Warwick University -£65m Faraday Battery Institute.

• £20m UK Centre for Energy System Integration (CESI)

• Advanced Propulsion Centre – Electric Machines Spoke

• Lead - EPSRC SUPERGEN in Energy Networks

• Key Partners – EPSRC SUPERGENs in Bioenergy, Energy Storage, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell

• £30m National Institute for Smart Data Innovation

• CDT in Cloud Computing for Big Data

Electrical

Motor/Generator

Compressor

Expander

Electricity

Grid

Layered

Thermal

Store

Layered

Thermal

Store

Pumped Heat Energy Storage

Layered

Thermal

Store

Layered

Thermal

Store

Electrical

Motor/Generator

Compressor

Expander

Electricity

Grid

Charging

mode

500oC

-160oC

21oC

21oC

Pumped Heat Energy Storage

Layered

Thermal

Store

Layered

Thermal

Store

Electrical

Motor/Generator

Electricity

Grid

Storage

mode

Pumped Heat Energy Storage

Layered

Thermal

Store

Layered

Thermal

Store

Electrical

Motor/Generator

Expander

Compressor

Electricity

Grid

Discharging

mode

Local high-grade

heat services

Local cryogenic &

cooling services

Pumped Heat Energy Storage

Production scale prototype

Objective

Demonstrate the round-

trip efficiency & response

times of the large scale

prototype

Heat pump size

150kW charge

120kW discharge

1000rpm

12:1 compression ratio

Storage capacity

600kWh storage

Response time

Sub-second

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMD_CptGayc

Thermal Stores

• Advanced packed bed vessels

designed to store thermal energy

at 500°C and -160°C.

• 98% energy recovery.

• Low cost.

• Large-scale – up to 5000 tons of

crushed rock per store.

• Strong IP:

− Control of heat transfer within

stores.

− Trade secrets: economic use

of high-temperature materials,

reliability.Fully assembled thermal stores

Heat Pump

• Unique oil free reciprocating heat

pump design with minimal thermal

losses.

• During charging top cylinder

compresses (500°C) and bottom

cylinder expands argon (-160°C).

• Novel compressor/expander valve

design with very low pressure drop and

rapid activation.

• Very fast control to change valve

timing and discharge energy store.

• Uni-directional rotation during charging

and discharging.

• Designed for long life with low wear

rates and minimal component stress.

Fully assembled heat pump

Economic Analysis

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

LC

OS

[€/k

Wh

]

electricity charging

OPEX

CAPEX energy based

CAPEX power based

Assumptions unit

Scenario 1 –

technical potential

Scenario 2 –

target system

Scenario 3 –

conservative estimate

Roundtrip efficiency % 72 67 52

Specific CAPEX (energy) €/kWh 13 17 21

Levelised cost of storage comparison

100 MW/400 MWh; 365 cycles/year; electricity price 3 €ct/kWh

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

LCO

S [€

/kW

h]

Economic Analysis

Future PHES development

• ETI transfer IP - December 2017.

• Complete PHES prototype commissioning and commence low speed

operation and performance analysis - January 2018.

• Commission new valve design and commence full speed operation

and performance analysis – February 2018.

• Seek funding to design, build and operate 2 MW / 16MWh system

Summary

• PHES costs are potentially highly disruptive to the energy storage

market and competitive with pumped hydro and CAES without the

geographical constraints.

• PHES has the capability of grid scale electricity energy storage and

also being integrated in to a smart thermal network providing heating

and cooling services.

• National facility for Pumped Heat Energy Storage will complete

commissioning of production scale prototype system later this year.

• Testing and performance evaluation will be completed early next year

and funding is currently being sought to design, construct and operate

a 2MW / 16 MWh system.

• The IP and know how for PHES resides in the UK at present.

National Facility for Pumped heat energy storage

21st November 2017

Professor Tony RoskillyDr Andy Smallbone

Sir Joseph Swan Centre for Energy Research