Tool Identification

AG STRUCTURES

TermsTools-any instrument used in doing workHand tool- any tool operated by hand to do workPower tool- operated by some source of power other than human power

Advantages of Using Hand ToolsEffective & efficientUse hand tools when electrical or engine power is not availableUsed for small jobs, where large machines can’t function

Selecting Hand ToolsSelect quality toolsBrand names=better quality toolsUsing wrong tool can be dangerous, can damage the tool, and result in inferior work

Layout Tools

Tool used to measure or mark wood, metal, and other materials.

Tape Measurer

Come in lengths ranging from 6 foot to 30 foot, a width of ½ to 1 inch,

Can lock open, and use a spring to retract the tape with the push of a button.

Combination SquareDetermining 45 and 90 degree angles

Framing Square

Squaring cut corners and laying out stairs and rafters

Try Square

90 degree squaring

Framing Square

Squaring cut corners and laying out stairs and rafters

Level

Leveling and plumbing

Other Measuring Layout ToolsElectronic Tape Measure

Divider-

Marking Gauge

Chalk Line

ONCE MATERIALS ARE MEASURED AND MARKED, THEY NEED TO BE CUT, SHAPED, AND BORED AS NEEDED TO PREPARE FOR ASSEMBLING

SawsClassified by use and teeth per inch. An 8-point saw would have 8 teeth per inch.Handsaws include the:Crosscut, rip, compass or keyhole, coping and backsaw.

Coping Saw

Cutting curves and irregular cuts in thin materials

Hack Saw

Used for sawing metal

Shaping Tools

Includes planes, wood chisel, and rasps.

PlaneTool used to smooth surfaces and change the size or shape of wood materials.Planes include:

Jack PlaneSmoothing PlaneBlock Plane

Jack PlaneUsually 14 inches longUsed for smoothing long surfaces by shaving with the grain of the wood

Smoothing Plane

Usually 8 inches long,

Used with the grain and to finish smoothing

Block PlaneUsually 6 to 6½ inches long Used for smoothing the ends of boards by cutting across the grain. To avoid splitting corners, clamp a piece of wood on both edges of the board or plane from the edge toward the center.

Wood ChiselWedge-shaped cutting tool used to cut notches and shaving off excess woodCome in a variety of widths and are generally hit with a wooden mallet.

Wood ChiselKeep the chisel sharp for safe and effective use. To mark a slot turn the bevel of the chisel inward and up to cut shallow, and down to cut deep.

Wood RaspAlso known as a wood file

Used for smoothing rough work and for removing small amounts of wood on curved and irregular-shaped objects.

Wood RaspBe sure the rasp has a handle.

Apply pressure on the forward stroke.

Clean the rasp with a wire brush or file card.

Boring ToolsIncludes thehand drillpush drillbrace and bit

Hand DrillDevice with gears that drive its bit much faster than the handle turns It is used for small holes when it is not convenient to use an electric drill

Brace

Device for holding and turning an auger bit

Auger BitSquare tang to fit into the brace.

The cutting end has a feed screw, cutting lips, and cutting spurs

Auger BitDrill until the feed screw begins to come through the wood, then back out the bit, and turn the wood over to finish the hole from the other side

Prevents the wood from splintering out

Holding or Gripping Tools

Help complete the job quicker, easier, and safer Clamps and vises

Used to hold or grip wood or metal while being cut, shaped, bored, and fastened

Pliers, wrenches, and screwdrivers Used at times for holding, gripping, or turning.

C-ClampsClamping two or more pieces of metal togetherNamed after It’s C Shape

Bar Clamps

Adjustable clamp that can range from a few inches to six feet

Hand Screw Clamp

Clamping wood togetherCan span up to 10 inchesRequires two hands for tightening

Miter ClampsUsed for tightening corners Example: Making a picture frame.

Machinist’s ViseMade for heavy duty workHave jaws that grip materials to keep them from slippingOften mounted to a shop table.

PliersTypes:Combination pliers Needle nose pliers Diagonal side cutting pliersChannel lock pliersLocking pliers

Combination Pliers

Also called adjustable & slip joint

Adjust for holding various size material

Needle Nose Pliers

Reaching into recessed areas

Twist wire

Diagonal Cutting Pliers

Also known as Lineman’s Pliers

Surface and diagonal wire cutting

Groove Joint Pliers

Several size adjustments

Gripping when great pressure is needed

Vise Grip Pliers

For extra firm gripping

WrenchesUsed for gripping and tightening Include

adjustable jaw, fixed jawsocketset screw, andpipe wrenches.

Adjustable Wrench

Often called crescent wrench

Turning various size nuts and bolts

When using, pull against stronger, stationary jaw of wrench

Combination WrenchTuring hex and square nuts and bolts

Open End Wrench

Turning square head nuts and bolts

Box End WrenchTurning hex head nuts and bolts.

Socket SetsOffer the option of a breaker bar to loosen tight nuts.Offer speed of a ratchet handle to loosen the nuts quickly

Allen Wrench

Turning Hex head sockets screws

Screwdrivers Either:

StandardPhillips

Standard or Flat BladeUsed with standard size slotsSelect a screwdriver that fills the width and depth of the screw slotLonger handles give the maximum leverage for tightening and loosening

Phillips Screwdriver

Turning Phillips head screwsEasier to tighten or loosed because of screwdriver is less likely to slip out of the screw slot.

DrivingDriving toolsTo fasten building materials together.Examples: Hammers and Staplers

Curved Claw hammersMost commonly used hammers to drive and pull nails.

Handles may be wood, metal, or fiberglass.

Using a Curved Claw Hammer Whatever the nail size:◦Hold the nail◦Tap it until it will stand on its own◦Then grip the handle near the end hitting the nail square with a long swinging stroke.

Straight Claw hammersCan be used to rip boards.Just as good as the curved claw hammer for driving nailsNot as effective when trying to pull bent nails

Ball Pein HammerUsed when hammering metal

MalletsWooden Mallets may be used with wood chisels made with a metal shank.Rubber Mallets are useful when there is concern of damaging the material that is being driven.

Sledge Hammer

Heavy HammeringUsed for driving stakes, wrecking materials that need to be removedUse two hands for maximum delivery of power

Wrecking Bar/Crow Bar

Used for Ripping and prying

Bolt CuttersCutting bolts and steel rods