Tools in ArcGIS

Tool Bars and (this is new!) ArcToolbox:

Not only is there animmense toolbox,You can write your own scriptsAnd add your own tools!

Exercise 4: Sea Level Rise

Intro to Remote Sensing

What is Remote Sensing?

The acquisition of information about an object or phenomenonwithout making physical contact with the object.

PIGEONS! In 1903, Julius Neubronner designed a camera that could mount on a pigeon’s breast

Lots of GIS data is obtained with Remote Sensing, but we don’t use pigeons anymore (much?)

Advantages of Remote Sensing?

• Large Area Coverage

• Extended Spectral Range

• Geometric Accuracy

• Permanent Record

Low cost and uniform manner

Detectors can access beyond human eyesight

Easier than on-the-ground surveys

Images locked in time

NASA’s Deep Space Network antenna atGoldstone, California

Amazing Applications!

Electromagnetic Energy Interactions

Energy recorded by remote sensing systems undergoesfundamental interactions that should be understood to properlyinterpret the remotely sensed data. Think about pathways.

For example, if the energy being remotely sensed comes from theSun, the energy:• is radiated by atomic particles at the source (the Sun),• propagates through the vacuum of space at the speed of light,• interacts with the Earth's atmosphere,• interacts with the Earth's surface,• interacts with the Earth's atmosphere once again, and• finally reaches the remote sensor where it interacts withvarious optical systems, filters, emulsions, or detectors.

Most remote sensing data is based on energy from the sun…

Various Pathways of Radiance Received by a Remote Sensing System

Energy-matterinteractions occurin the atmosphere,at the study area,and at the remotesensor detector

Transmittance and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Considerations for Remote Sensing Data

Aerial vs Satellite

Passive vs Active

Signal pathway• Absorption• Transmittance• Reflectance

Sensor design

Terrain and Tilt Distortion

Resolution

Different Spectral Bands

Infrared ImageOf the Dolores

River from 1974Supplied by the BLM

Can you see theCottonwood Trees?

The SPATIAL resolutionis high enough. The

SPECTRAL resolution ofthe sensor only needs to behigh enough to distinguishbetween red vegetation,

dark water, etc.

Sensors gather various kinds of information!

Reflectance

Wavelength

Spectral Data Box – We want GIS for this!

Moffat Field Airport, CA

TheseAre a

SimplifiedThis

LiDAR and RADAR – Active systems

Bathymetry, Altimetry and MODIS Imagery(Today’s Remotely Sensed Layers)

MODIS = Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiaometer

Bathymetry – topography of the ocean floor

Altimetry – topography of land

SoundingsSatellite Radar

True Color Imagery

Air PressureSonic measurementsRadar (airplane and satellite)

ArcGIS bits we will see in our exercise today

Scale barNorth arrow(Legend)

Data View vs. Layout View

Working with raster and vector data

Peek into ArcToolboxConversion ToolsSpatial Analyst Tools

Thursday - Geodesy and Projections

Questions?