Topas standard products Generation of test · PDF fileTopas standard products Generation of...

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

Topas standard products

Generation of test aerosols

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

applications of test aerosols

Quality testing of air filters

Functional tests at safety cabinets

Validation of clean room facilities

Validation of safety instrumentations (e.g. smoke detectors)

Calibration of particle counters

Flow visualization

Generation of tracer particles

Inhalation studies

General aerosol research

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

real environmental aerosols

particulate matter

bacteria

tobacco smoke / soot

engine exhaust

particle size [µm]

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

simulation of real environmental aerosols

time constant and reliably adjustable …

particle size distribution

particle number concentration

continuous operation of the generator

particles have to be inert and at equilibrium state with the surrounding gas phase

non-toxic, non aggressive aerosol substance

general requirements to test aerosols

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

atomizer aerosol generators polydisperse droplet aerosols series ATM

condensation aerosol generators monodisperse droplet aerosols series SLG

solid aerosol generators dust aerosols series SAG

overview on Topas aerosol generators

series ATM

series SLG series SAG

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation





series ATM


© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

general instrument setup – injector nozzle (ATM 210, ATM 22x)

Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols

Pressurized air supply

Liquid supply

Aerosol outlet

Decompression zoneSmall drilling with a diameter

of 0,3mm, 0,5mm or 1,1mm

groove for the O-ring sealing


Liquid supply

Aerosol outlet

Decompression zoneSmall drilling with a diameter

of 0,3mm, 0,5mm or 1,1mm

groove for the O-ring sealing

impact wall


Aerosol outlet

Glas vessel

impact wall


Aerosol outlet

Glas vessel

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

general instrument setup – laskin nozzle (ATM 230, ATM 24x)


Aerosol

Larger particles are retained in the liquid Venturi effect causes

droplets to be taken up by air stream

Compressed air

Nozzle gap

Feed pipe and nozzle holder

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

different models


210 210/H 220 226 230 240 241 242

Compressed air supply

Max. 1500 kPa (15 bar)


Built-in Compressor





Counter- pressure

10 bar 10 bar 200 mbar 200 mbar 200 mbar

12 mbar

12 mbar

600 mbar

Filling volume

10…80 ml 0.1… 0.5 l

1.5… 3.5 l

4.7… 8.0 l

1.5… 3.5 l

Flow rate 50… 250 l/h

500… 2500 l/h

50… 250 l/h

70… 300 l/h

500… 2500 l/h

3000… 10000 l/h (3…10 m³/h)

Max. 40000 l/h (40 m³/h)

Max. 120000 l/h (120 m³/h)

Mass flow Max. 2.0 g/h

Max. 20 g/h

Max. 2.0 g/h

Max. 2.5 g/h

Max. 20 g/h

Max. 60 g/h

Max. 240 g/h

Max. 720 g/h

Aerosol materials

DEHS, DOP, PAO (Emery 3004), salt solutions, PSL etc

ATM 210

ATM 220

ATM 226

ATM 230

ATM 241

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation


M Silencer

Valve Compressor HEPA-Filter Atomizer

Atomizer vessel with suspension

Flowmeter with adjustable

needle valve

ATM 226 for clean room applications

most commonly used Topas atomizer aerosol generator

applications:

quality tests of laminar flow boxes

acceptance tests in clean rooms

advantages

designed for mobile use

internal compressor, no compressed air required

integrated mains adapter 100 … 230 V

easy to clean, stainless steel housing

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

Device drift series ATM226 (>0,3µm)

1E+6

1E+7

1E+8

1E+9

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Operation period, min

Co

ncen

trati

on

wit

hin

an

air

flo

w o

f 270m

³/h

, #/c

f

40SKT

20SKT

5SKT

2SKT


ATM 226 for clean room applications

according to standards VDI 3491, VDI 2083, FDA Guidelines

adjustable particle production rate by total flow rate

high reproducibility

1,0E+08

1,0E+09

1,0E+10

1,0E+11

0 10 20 30 40

Scale

Pa

rtic

le/m

in (

>0

,3µ

m)

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

DEHS as a standard test liquid

Particle size distribution of an ATM 220 measured by a SMPS

Modal = 0,25 microns -> MPPS range of many filters

0

1E+6

2E+6

3E+6

4E+6

5E+6

6E+6

7E+6

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8

Particle size, µm

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n, P

art

icle

/cm

³

Name Di ethyl hexyl sebacate

CAS-No. [122-62-3]

Formula C26H50O4

Molar mass 426.69g/mol

Dynamic viscosity 0.023Pa s

Kinematic viscosity 25.16mm2/s

Density 0.912g/cm3 (DIN 51757)

Melting point 225K (-48°C) (ISO 3016)

Boiling point 525K (252°C) (DIN 51751)

Vapour pressure (293K) <1Pa

Flash point >473K (>200°C) (ISO 2592)


Droplet diameter, Lifetime of

µm Water DOP DEHS

0.1 2 µs 12 min 84 min

0.3 73 µs 37 min 4 h

1.0 1 ms 8 h 57 h

3.0 7 ms 55 h 16 d

10.0 80 ms 23 d 160 d

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

different test liquids


0.E+00

1.E+06

2.E+06

3.E+06

4.E+06

0 200 400 600

Particle Size, nm

Co

un

ts (

SM

PS

), 1

/min

. Emery

DEHS

DOP

Emery 3004 DEHS DOP

Name Polyalphaolefin Di-2-Ethylhexyl-Sebacat Di-2-Octyl-Phthalat

CAS-No. 68649-12-7 122-62-3 117-81-7

Dynamical viscosity 0.014Pa s 0.021Pa s 0.079Pa s

Density 819kg/m3 912kg/m

3 981kg/m

3

Boiling Point 474K (201°C) 525K (252°C) 657K (384°C)

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

ATM 243 for testing of oils mist separators

special development in combination with the

separator performance test rig SPT 140

adjustable aerosol temperature up to 130°C


© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation





series ATM


© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols

generation of monodisperse droplet aerosols

adjustable particle size and concentration

Nuclei Source

(Atomizer)

Vapour

(Saturator)

Reheater Heterogeneous

CondensationN2 monodisperse

Aerosol

d m

c V

c N

+

controlled heterogeneous condensation according to the Sinclair-La-Mer principle

Atomizer: production of condensation nuclei from a solution (NaCl, water)

Saturator: mixing of condensation nuclei with DEHS vapor

Reheater: defined temperature conditions

Condensation Chimney: controlled condensation of the DEHS vapor onto the NaCl nuclei

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation


Reheater

N2

cN

Atomizer

Diffusion Dryer

totalV.

SaturatorV.

cV

cN

HEPA-

FilterSaturator

TS

cV;S

Condensation

chimney

Flow ValvePressure

regulator

Reheater

Saturator

N2

cN VS

TR

cV

dm , g,

cN

cVVscreencN

TS

Condensationchimney

Flow ValveFlow Valve

Atomizer

Diffusion Dryer

HEPA-Filter

Pressureregulator

Vtotal

SLG 250

SLG 270

screen section

reduction on NaCl nuclei

larger particles

smaller number concentration

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

Saturatorbypass valve

Screenbypass valve

Temperaturecontroller for:SaturatorReheater

On/Off

Aerosol outlet

Flowmeter for:Total flowSaturator flowScreen flow

Nitrogen inlet

TOPAS

SLG 270


© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 50 100 150 200 250

Saturator Flow , l/h

Pa

rtic

le S

ize d

ae

, µm

240°C

200°C

220°C

Particle size vs. Saturator Flow at

Different Saturator Temperatures

(NaCl-Solution 20mgNaCl/lH2O, DEHS)


increased saturator flow more DEHS vapor to be condensed larger particles

increased saturator temperature more DEHS vapor larger particles

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation


increased screen flow less NaCl nuclei larger particles

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 50 100 150 200 250

Screen Flow , l/h

Pa

rtic

le S

ize

da

e, µ

m

Particle Size vs. Screen Flow (Saturator

Flow 250l/h, Saturator Temperature

220°C, NaCl Solution 20mgNaCl/lH2O,

DEHS)

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation


adjustable, very narrow particle size distributions

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation


adjustable, very narrow particle size distributions

240

200

160

20 50 100150200 250

0

1

2

3

4

5

Part

ikelg

röß

e d

ae

r, µm

Saturator-

Temperatur, °C

Saturator-

Volumenstrom, l/h

Par

ticle

Siz

e

Saturator Volume

Flow Rate

Saturator

Temperature °C

Particle Size Range

DEHS Stearic Acid Carnauba Wax (solid)

0.1 ... 5µm (8µm) 0.1 ... 6µm (12µm) 0.1 ... 3µm (5µm)

Other Tested Materials Emery 3004, Engine Oil 15W40, Paraffines

Geom. Stand. Dev. <1.15

Number Concentration 106Particle/cm

3

Total Flowrate 200 ... 250l/h

Saturator Temperature Up to 400°C

Reheater Temperature Up to 400°C

Carrier Gas Nitrogen 250l/h@5bar

Power Supply 110...240VAC 50…60Hz

Dimensions 550 300 250mm

Weight 17kg (19kg)

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation





series ATM


© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

feeding and dispersion of powders and test dusts

continuous operation

highly accurate feeding control, optional remote

volumetric or gravimetric feeding

Dust generators – series SAG410

Injector (Nozzle)

Scraper

Feeding Belt Driving Pulley

Excentric

Scraper Vessel (powder reservoir)

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

wide adjustable feeding range

exchangeable feeding units

Dust generators – series SAG410

SAG model Aerosol flow rate

[m3/h]

Powder mass

flow rate

[g/h] 1)

Powder concentration

[g/m3]

1)

410/H 8 ... 20 110 … 6100 6 … 770

410 1.5 ... 4 9 … 490 2 … 325

410/L 1.5 ... 4 2 … 245 0.5 … 160

410/U 1.5 ... 4 0,2 … 25 0.05 … 17

1) ISO 12103-A2, bulk density 0.95 g/cm³

0

5

10

15

0 2 4 6

Pressure, 105 Pa

Flo

w R

ate

, N

m3/h

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0 2 4 6

Pressure, 105 Pa

Flo

w R

ate

, N

m3/h

standard nozzle

high flow nozzle

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

2

3

5

6

2

3

5

6

new patented principle of dust generation

no dust impaction, free powder flow

closed cycle feeding, reliable long-term

operation

minimum of contact surfaces / adhesion

effects, suitable for poor flow test dusts

Dust generators – series SAG410/U – small scale dust generation

1 - Scraper Adjustment Screw

2 - Screw Feeder

3 - Dust Reservoir

4 - Ring Clamping

5 - Rotating Feeding Ring

6 - Injector Nozzle

1 - Scraper Adjustment Screw

2 - Screw Feeder

3 - Dust Reservoir

4 - Ring Clamping

5 - Rotating Feeding Ring

6 - Injector Nozzle

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

feeding rate adjustable by rotational ring speed, ring dimensions

feeding depending only on bulk properties of the test dust

applicable to all common test dusts

reservoir 70 cm³

max. particle size 100 µm

test dusts

ISO 12103-A4 (coarse), ISO 12103-A2 (fine), Aluminium oxide (Pural SB, NF), Titanium dioxide, soot

aerosol flow rate 1,5 … 4 m³/h

powder mass flow

PURAL SB: 0,21 … 20 g/h ISO 12103-A2: 0,5 … 8,8 g/h TiO2: 0,27 … 17 g/h Soot: 0,07 … 7 g/h

JIS 11: 0,3 … 7g/h

compressed air supply

min. 1 bar max. 6 bar

power supply 100 ... 260 V AC, 47…63 Hz


0,01

0,1

1

10

1 10 100

Rotational Ring Speed [%]

Ma

ss

Flo

w R

ate

[g

/h]

JIS Z 8901-11 TiO2

ISO 12103-A2 Pural SB

Pural NF Soot

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

testing of cleanable filter media according to VDI 3926 / ISO 11057

application of poor flow Pural NF

small feed rates small filter cross sections

reliable long-term operation, total test duration 14h


Dust Generator SAG410/U, Pural NF

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time [min]

Ma

ss

Flo

w R

ate

[g

/h]

cV = 2,1%

HEPA - Filter Paper

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Gravimetric Loading [mg]

Dif

fere

nti

al P

res

su

re [

mb

ar]

AFC 131, SAG410/U, LAP321

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

testing of diesel soot filter elements (flat sheet + elements)

component of a customized Topas test rig

differential pressure + dust loading behavior

advantage of solid aerosol generation compared to combustion soot generators:

remarkable soot amounts required for sufficient filter loading


SMPS measurement

Soot density distribution generated

by a SAG410/U

Electrical mobility diameter [nm]

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

component of the Topas ISO5011 test rig ABP115

dust loading of motor air intake filters

esp. for ISO12103-A2/A4

gravimetric feeding with scale option

remote control option

Dust generators – series SAG420 – dust loading

© 2010 Topas GmbH

Aerosol Generation

component of the Topas EN779 test rig ALF114

testing of particulate air filters

suitable for fibrous test dusts

long-term continuous operation

highly accurate feeding control, optional remote

Dust generators – series SAG440 – ASHRAE test dust

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