10/10/2013 1 Topic 03 Overview of Plant Taxa Lecture Reading: 1 Plate 1 Reproductive Terminology (pp 978-979) in Rhoads & Block 1. Plate 1. Reproductive Terminology (pp 978-979) in Rhoads & Block (2007). 2. Plate 2. Leaf Terminology (pp 980-981) in Rhoads & Block (2007). 3. Rhoads & Block (2007) descriptions of all PA-native plant families mentioned. 4. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. II. Seed plants (spermatophytes) B. Angiosperms or flowering plants •Angiospermous: carpels & fruits. •Flowers (perianth). •Vessels. •Sieve tubes. •Endosperm (a 3n tissue from “double fertilization”)
Nymphaea at Longwood. Nuphar, Nymphaea & Nate in MD.
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Victoria at Longwood (Nymphaea in the background)
Victoria
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Nuphar
Nymphaea
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Nymphaea
b. magnoliids
Families to know: Magnoliaceae & Lauraceae
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Magnoliaceae
1. Trees & shrubs w/ ethereal
1. Trees & shrubs w/ ethereal
< LiriodendronMagnolia >
ethereal oils
ethereal oils
13
2 Showy
Magnoliaceae
Pmany or Ca3 Co6-many Amany, laminar Gmany
2. Showy, solitary flowers
Magnolia kobusLiriodendron tulipifera14
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3 Ca & Co
Magnoliaceae
Pmany or Ca3 Co6-many Amany, laminar Gmany
3. Ca & Co in 3’s
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Magnoliaceae
Pmany or Ca3 Co6-many Amany, laminar Gmany
4. Many
Magnolia kobusLiriodendron tulipifera
4. Many spiraled, laminar stamens
16
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Magnoliaceae
Pmany or Ca3 Co6-many Amany, laminar Gmany
Many free carpels
5. Many spirally arranged, pistils
Magnolia kobusLiriodendron tulipifera17
Magnoliaceae
Pmany or Ca3 Co6-many Amany, laminar Gmany
Many flat 6. ElongatestamensElongate receptacle
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Tropical members of Magnoliaceae
Michelia (50 spp.; Tropical, subtropical; S & SE Asia) 19
Lauraceae
20
LinderaSassafras
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Lauraceae
1. Trees & shrubs with th l ilethereal oils
CinnamomumSassafras Laurus21
Lauraceae
2. Small, yellowish to
P3+3(+3) A3-12(-many), valvate G1
yellowish to whitish flowers
avocadobay laurelsassafras
5 mm5 mm5 mm
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3. Parts in 3’s
Lauraceae
P3+3(+3) A3-12(-many), valvate G1
avocadobay laurelsassafras
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4. Parts whorled
Lauraceae
P3+3(+3) A3-12(-many), valvate G1
avocadobay laurelsassafras
24
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5. 1 pistil, 1 carpel
Lauraceae
P3+3(+3) A3-12(-many), valvate G1
p
avocadobay laurelsassafras
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Lauraceae
6. Anthers valvate
P3+3(+3) A3-12(-many), valvate G1
avocadobay laurelsassafras
26
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6. Anthers valvate
Lauraceae
P3+3(+3) A3-12(-many), valvate G1
bay laurel
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II. Seed plants (spermatophytes)B. Angiosperms or flowering plants
2. Monocots
• Loss of second cotyledon.• Retain monoaperturate pollen of basal angiosperms.• Eustele transformed into atactostele (lose vascular cambium)( )
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II. Seed plants (spermatophytes)B. Angiosperms or flowering plants
2. Monocots
• Loss of second cotyledon.• Retain monoaperturate pollen of basal angiosperms.• Eustele transformed into atactostele (lose vascular cambium)( )• Most with parallel leaf venation.
II. Seed plants (spermatophytes)B. Angiosperms or flowering plants
2. Monocots
• Loss of second cotyledon.• Retain monoaperturate pollen of basal angiosperms.• Eustele transformed into atactostele (lose vascular cambium)( )• Most with parallel leaf venation.• Flowers merosity becomes fixed in 3’s.
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Alismataceae (water‐plantain family)
*aquatic or marsh herbs with basal leaves
*pinnate or palmate venation*pinnate or palmate venation
*Ca 3 Co 3 A 3,6‐many G 3,6‐many
Alismataceae (water‐plantain family)
Alisma
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Alismataceae (water‐plantain family)
Sagittaria
Alismataceae (water‐plantain family)
Sagittaria
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Araceae (arum or aroid family)
*terrestrial to aquatic herbs or vines
*leaves with pinnate venationp
*flowers minute
*spathe & spadix
*P 2+2, 3+3, or 0 A 4 or 6 G [3]
Araceae (arum or aroid family)
Arisaema >
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Araceae (arum or aroid family)
Symplocarpos >
Araceae (arum or aroid family)
Zantedischia >(calla-lily)
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Zantedeschia aethiopica Calla‐lily
Amorphophallus titanum
Largest inflorescence in world
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Liliaceae (lily family)
bulbous herbs
parallel venation
Lilium >
p
P 3+3 A 3+3 G [3]
Liliaceae (lily family)
bulbous herbs
parallel venationp
P 3+3 A 3+3 G [3]
Tulipa >
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Orchidaceae (orchid family)
2nd largest family
Terrestrial or epiphytic, +/‐ succulent herbsp p y , /
P[3+3] [A1 G[3], inferior]
Bilateral flowers, labellum, column
Pollinia
Orchidaceae (orchid family)
< Vanilla
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Orchidaceae (orchid family)
Orchidaceae (orchid family)
Cymbidium
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Orchidaceae (orchid family)
Cypripedium
Arecaceae or Palmae (palm family)
Unbranched trees or shrubs
Terminal rosette of large, sheathing, plicate lvsg , g, p
II. Seed plants (spermatophytes)B. Angiosperms or flowering plants
3. Primitive Eudicots
• Many stamens and carpels• Perianth reduced in number, though still poorly differentiated• Parts generally free (some with fusion in G)g y ( )• Triaperturate pollen.
Ranunculaceae (buttercup family)
Herbs to vines or woody vines
Lvs simple, compound, to dissected, all withp , p , ,sheathing bases; basal rosette of lvs common.
Ca4-many Co4-5-many Amany Gseveral-many
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Ranunculaceae (buttercup family)
Ranunculus
Ranunculaceae (buttercup family)
Clematis
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II. Seed plants (spermatophytes)B. Angiosperms or flowering plants
4. Core Eudicots
• Perianth parts fixed in 4’s or 5’s• Stamens & carpels reduced in number• Parts whorled• Perianth well differentiated• Triaperturate pollen.
II. Seed plants (spermatophytes)B. Angiosperms or flowering plants
4. Core Eudicots
• Perianth parts fixed in 4’s or 5’s• Stamens & carpels reduced in number• Parts whorled• Perianth well differentiated• Triaperturate pollen.
