Year: 10 Term: Topic: Christian Beliefs

Lesson Concepts 1 – The Nature of God 2 – The Nature of God 3 – Creation 4 – Creation 5 - The Incarnation 6 – The Incarnation 7 – The last days of Jesus’ life 8 – The last days of Jesus’ life 9 – Atonement and salvation 10 – Atonement and salvation 11 – Life after death 12 – Life after death 13 – Evil and suffering 14 – Evil and suffering 15 – Revision 16 – Exam paper

Core Text: L. Gibson - Edexcel GCSE (9-1), Religious Studies B – Paper 1: Religion and Ethics Christianity

Key Words:

Bible Holy book of Christianity. Evolution The belief that all life evolved over millions of years through the process of natural selection.

Monotheistic The belief in one God. Gospels One of the four books of the new testament that relate to the stories of Jesus Christ in his life on earth.

Transcendent God is above and beyond anything else that exists on earth.

Incarnation The doctrine that God took human form in Jesus Christ.

Sacred Extremely special and holy, set apart from humans.

Disciples A close follower of Jesus Christ, one of the 12 apostles.

Divine God or God-like. Can defy physical laws of the universe.

The Passion The suffering of Jesus Christ, especially in the time leading up to his crucifixion.

Trinity That God has appeared to the world in three ways, the father, the son and the holy spirit.

Eucharist The Christian ceremony commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed.

Nicene Creed Christian profession of faith. Sacrament A ceremony regarded as an outward visible sign of an inward spiritual grace.

Creation story

Story of creation as set out in the Bible, that God created the world in 6 days and rested in the 7th.

The fall The disobedience of Adam and Eve resulting in their expulsion from the garden of Eden.

Garden of Eden

A beautiful paradise created by God for Adam and Eve.

Eschatology The study of religion in relation to death, judgement and the end of the world

Creationist A person who believes the creation of the universe happened in 6 days as set out in Genesis

Purgatory

Alliance

Sources of authority: “And a voice from heaven said , “This is my son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.”

(Matthew 3:16-17) “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God.”

(John 1:1-3) “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.”

(John 3:16) “Jesus answered ‘I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the father except through me.” (John 14:6) “After the Lord Jesus had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and he sat at the right hand of God.” (Mark 16:19)

Key beliefs: - Christian belief God is eternal, infinite, all-loving (omnibenevolent), all-powerful (omnipotent), and all seeing (omniscient). God is the creator of the world and everything in it. - The Christian story of creation is found in Genesis and outlines the creation of the world in 6 days. Some Christians see this as fact and others a metaphor. - Humans have control over the world (dominion) but also a responsibility to look after it (stewardship). - Christians believe God came to Earth in human form as Jesus. This is known as the Incarnation. Jesus’ death a sacrifice for human sin shows Christians how much God loves them. His resurrection proved he was the son of God. - Christians believe Jesus was taken to heaven 40 days after his resurrection - Salvation is the idea that only a soul that is free from Sin can be with God in heaven. - Christians believe that suffering and death has a purpose. - Christians believe life continues after death either in heaven hell or purgatory. - Christians believe that God cannot be responsible for evil. Evil exists because humans have free will and make the wrong moral choices.

Exam structure: a) Outline questions require three short sentences. b) Explain questions require two paragraphs, two different reasons developed. c) Require the same as B), plus a source of authority.

Exam structure: d) One paragraph outlining two or three points that agrees with the statement, one paragraph outlining two or three points that disagree with the statement, and your conclusion. You must use sources of authority and specialist vocabulary.

Year: 11 Term: 1b Topic: Crime and Punishment

Lesson Concepts 1 – Crime and Justice 2 – Crime and Justice 3 – Actions to end crime 4 – Actions to end crime 5 – Good, evil and suffering 6 – Good, evil and suffering 7 – Punishment 8 – Punishment 9 – Aims of punishment 10 – Aims of punishment 11- Key Assessment #3 12 - Forgiveness 13 - Forgiveness 14 – Treatment of criminals 15 – Treatment of criminals 16 – Capital Punishment 17 – Capital Punishment 18 – Revision 19 – Key Assessment #4 20 – Feedback from Key Assessment #4 21 – Improving your grade Core Text: L. Gibson, T. Hill - Edexcel GCSE (9-1), Religious Studies B – Paper 2: Religion, Peace and Conflict: Islam

Key Words:

Justice Rewarding someone when they’ve done good, punishing people who have been bad

Tazir Crimes for which the judge decides the punishment

Shari’ah Law

An Islamic code of behaviour Al-Ghafir Islamic term for Allah meaning ‘the forgiver’

Poverty Being poor or unable to provide for yourself Protection Punishing someone to protect society (e.g. jail)

Natural evil

Suffering caused by natural events, for example floods or earthquakes

Retribution Punishing someone to achieve a sense of justice for the crime they have committed

Moral evil Suffering caused by humans, for example bullying, rape or terrorism

Deterrence Punishing someone so others are put off committing the crime

Fitrah Being born with an instinct of knowing what is right and wrong

Reformation Punishing someone so they see what they have done is wrong; rehabilitating them to societies norms

Jinn An Islamic term for spirits (linked to Malaikah) Repentance Asking for forgiveness from God

Iblis One of the Jinn who exists to tempt humans into committing evil

Restorative Justice

Building reconciliation between a criminal and a victim; building bridges between relationships

Al-Qadr Belief in predestination Humanists People who believe in the good of humanity without God

Hadd Offences which are serious crimes. These have set penalties. For example theft = amputation of a hand

Apostasy A person who works against Islam

Alliance

Sources of authority: “Stand out firmly for justice” – Surah 4:135 “Allah commands justice”- Surah 16:90 ”He cannot be questioned for His acts, but they will be questioned for theirs” – Surah 21:23 “… but give glad tidings to those that patiently persevere” – Surah 2:155-156 “O you who believe! The law of equality is prescribed to you in cases of murder: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, the woman for the woman” – Surah 2:178 “But if the thief repents after his crime, Allah turns to him in forgiveness.” - Surah 5:39 “But if a person forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is due from Allah” – Surah 42:40 “Take not life which Allah has made sacred, except by way of justice” – Surah 6:151

Differences between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims:

Sunni Muslims… Shi’a Muslims… Humanists…

Believe Allah is the Giver of Justice

Suffering is predestined – part of Al Qadr

Punishments can be severe; either to deter, protect or help reform society

In countries not operating Shari’ah Law, Muslims should respect the law of the land

Believe Allah is the Giver of Justice

It is up to humans to avoid Iblis

Punishments can be severe; either to deter, protect or help reform society

In countries operating Shari’ah Law, the death penalty should be used

Justice is a human right Humans must take

responsibility for suffering

All criminals are still human and deserve fair treatment and compassionate punishment

The death penalty can be seen as morally wrong

The death penalty may bring a ‘greater good’

Exam structure:

a) Outline questions require three short sentences. b) Explain questions require two paragraphs, two different reasons developed. c) Require the same as B), plus a source of authority.

Exam structure: d) One paragraph which agrees with the statement, one paragraph which disagrees with the statement, and your conclusion. You must use sources of authority and specialist vocabulary.

Year: 10 Term: Topic: Living the Christian Life

Lesson Concepts 1 – Christian Worship 2 – Christian Worship 3 –The role of Sacraments 4 – The role of Sacraments 5 – The nature and purpose of prayer 6 – The nature and purpose of prayer 7 – Pilgrimage 8 – Pilgrimage 9 – Christian religious celebrations 10 – Christian religious celebrations 11 – The local parish 12 – The local parish 13 – The worldwide church 14 – The worldwide church 15 – Revision 16 – Exam paper

Core Text: L. Gibson - Edexcel GCSE (9-1), Religious Studies B – Paper 1: Religion and Ethics Christianity

Key Words:

Bible Holy book of Christianity. Pilgrimage A journey undertaken for religious reasons.

Liturgical worship

Worship that follows a planned set of prayers and rites.

Holy week The week before Easter, when Christians recall the last week of Christ’s life on Earth.

Non-liturgical Informal worship. Pentecost When the Holy Spirit came down upon the apostles, after the ascension of Jesus on the seventh Sunday after Easter.

Sacred Extremely special and holy, set apart from humans.

Parish An area cared for by one priest with its own church.

Baptism Initiation rite of Christian faith. Ecumenism Aims to promote unity among the world’s Christian Churches.

Eucharist Christian ceremony remembering the last supper involving bread and wine.

Worldwide Church

The idea that churches from across the world should work together to fight injustice and show agape for all humans.

Nicene Creed Christian profession of faith. Sacrament A ceremony regarded as an outward visible sign of an inward spiritual grace.

Lord’s Prayer Liturgical prayer. Evangelise Attempt to persuade someone to convert to Christianity.

Prayers of Petition

Prayers that ask for something for yourself or someone else.

Lent The 40 days leading up to Easter.

Israel Holy land for Christians. Confession To state ones sins and ask for forgiveness from God.

Alliance

Sources of authority: “As soon as Jesus was baptised, he went up out of the water. At that moment heaven was opened, and he saw the spirit of God descending like a dove.”

(Matthew 3:13-17) “But when you pray, go into your room and pray to your father, who is unseen. Then your father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.”

(Matthew 6:5-8) “Every year Jesus’ parents went to Jerusalem for the Festival of Passover.”

(Luke 2:41-43) “And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them saying this is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” (Luke 22:13-21)

Key beliefs: - Christians worship for different reasons. They can worship in private (personal worship) or with others (communal worship). - There are two types of Christian worship, liturgical and non-liturgical. Personal worship is non-liturgical, communal worship can be liturgical and non-liturgical. - Liturgical worship is formal, more traditional and follows a set pattern. - A sacrament is a ritual associated with Jesus during which individuals receive a blessing rom God. - Sacraments are; Baptism, Eucharist, confirmation, reconciliation, anointing the sick, holy orders and marriage. Roman Catholics recognise all seven. The Church of England just recognises Baptism and Eucharist. - There are Christian pilgrimage sites across the world. Israel (the Holy Land) is a popular place to pilgrimage to. - Easter remembers Jesus crucifixion and death and celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. - Holy week remembers the events leading up to the crucifixion of Christ. - A parish serves the local community. It has a responsibility to care for those in the community.

Exam structure:

a) Outline questions require three short sentences. b) Explain questions require two paragraphs, two different reasons developed. c) Require the same as B), plus a source of authority.

Exam structure: d) One paragraph outlining two or three points that agrees with the statement, one paragraph outlining two or three points that disagree with the statement, and your conclusion. You must use sources of authority and specialist vocabulary.

Year: 9 Term: 1b Topic: Living the Muslim life

Lesson Concepts 1 – Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam 2 – Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam 3 – Shahadah as a Five Pillar 4 – Shahadah as a Five Pillar 5 – Sawm as a Five Pillar 6 – Sawm as a Five Pillar 7 – Zakah as a Five Pillar 8 – Zakah as a Five Pillar 9 – Hajj as a Five Pillar 10 – Hajj as a Five Pillar 11- Key Assessment #3 12 - Celebrations and commemorations 13 - Celebrations and commemorations 14 – Jihad 15 – Jihad 16 – Revision 17 – Revision 18 – Key Assessment #4 19 – Feedback from KA4 20 – Improving your grade 21 – Improving your grade Core Text: L. Gibson, T. Hill - Edexcel GCSE (9-1), Religious Studies B – Paper 2: Religion, Peace and Conflict: Islam

Key Words:

W1 Shahadah The declaration of faith, the first pillar of Islam W3 Tawalla Expressing love towards what is good

Salah Praying five times a day Tabarra Moving away from evil

Wudu Ritual washing before prayer Adhan A Muslim call to prayer, usually from a minaret

Zakah Giving away 2.5% or 1/40th of your earning s to Allah’s charity

Rakahs A system of movements including standing, bowing and lying down during prayer

Sawm Fasting during Ramadan between the hours of sunlight to sunset

Laylat al-Qadr

A festival celebrating when Muhammad first received the revelation of the Qur’an

W2 Hajj A pilgrimage to Mecca W4 Ka’bah The black box where Muhammad banished false idols

Kuhms Giving 1/5th of your earnings to Muslims in war Ihram A state of holiness which is entered during the Hajj

Greater Jihad A personal struggle to follow Allah and resist evil Id-ul-Adha Festival of sacrifice

Lesser Jihad Holy war or the struggle to defend Islam Id-ul-Fitr Festival of breaking the fast at the end of Ramadan

Amr-bil-Maroof Commanding what is good Id-ul-Ghadeer

A festival celebrating Ali ibn Abi Talib as the successor of Muhammad

Nahi Anil Munkar

Forbidding evil Ashura A festival taking place on the tenth day of Muharram

Alliance

W5 Sources of authority: “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger” – The Shahadah “There is no god but He: that is the witness of Allah”- Surah 3:18 “… establish regular prayer” – Surah 29:45 “… for prayer restrains from shameful and unjust deeds” – Surah 29:45 “Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you” – Surah 2:183 “Alms are for the poor and needy” – Surah 9:60 “Proclaim the Pilgrimage among men: they will come to you on foot and every type of camel”- Surah 22:27-29 “Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits” - Surah 2:190-194 “To those against whom war is made, permission is given to fight” – Surah 22:39

W6 Differences between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims:

Sunni Muslims… Shi’a Muslims…

Follow the Five Pillars of Islam Muslims must pray five times a day State Shahadah is a discrete pillar

to believe in Pay Zakah as a means of benefitting

the Ummah and consolidating belief in Tawhid – Allah in everything

Do not celebrate the holiday Idl-ul-Ghadeer as they do not see believe Ali should have succeeded Muhammad

Fast during the celebration of Ashura to remember Nuh leaving the ark, and Musa being saved from the Egyptians by Allah

Follow the Ten Obligatory Acts as given by the 12 Imams, 12 divinely ordained, or the ‘twelvers’

Can pray in three sessions per day Shahadah is not a pillar of faith on

its own, as it runs through all belief Pay Zakah for the same reasons as

Sunni Muslims, but also pay Khums – 1/5th of their earnings to the Caliph

Celebrate Idl-ul Ghadeer for the succession of Muhammad

Place historical emphasis on martyrdom in Islam during Ashura; Shi’a Muslims mourn and dress in black during this time

Exam structure:

a) Outline questions require three short sentences – three different points. b) Explain questions require two points, two different reasons explanation. c) Require the same as B), plus a source of authority (quotation from the Qur’an).

Exam structure: d) One paragraph which agrees with the statement (3 points), one paragraph which disagrees with the statement (3 points), and your conclusion. You must use sources of authority and specialist vocabulary.

Year: 10 Term: Topic: Marriage and the Family

Lesson Concepts 1 – Marriage 2 – Marriage 3 – Sexual Relationships 4 – Sexual Relationships 5 – Families 6 – Families 7 – Support for the Family 8 – Support for the Family 9 – Contraception 10 – Contraception 11 – Divorce 12 – Divorce 13 – Equality and women 14 – Gender Prejudice 15 – Gender Prejudice 15 – Revision 16 – Exam paper

Core Text: L. Gibson - Edexcel GCSE (9-1), Religious Studies B – Paper 1: Religion and Ethics Christianity

Key Words:

W1 Marriage Two people making either a religious or legal commitment to be in an exclusive loving and sexual relationship.

W2 Philia A strong liking or friendship.

Divorce The legal ending of a marriage. Pro-choice Advocating the right for women to choose to have an abortion.

Annulment A marriage terminated by the church because it wasn’t valid.

Pro-life Opposed to abortion and euthanasia.

Celibate Abstaining from marriage and sexual relationships.

Procreate To reproduce.

Civil marriage A legal ceremony which is conducted without a religious ceremony.

Contraception A device or drug which prevents pregnancy.

Cohabitation Two people who live together in an emotional and/or sexual relationship without being married.

Sexism/Sexist Someone who discriminates against someone on the basis of their sex.

Commit adultery

A married person having a sexual relationship with someone to whom they are not married.

Patriarchal A society or family which is headed and led by males.

Eros Sexual love and desire, named after the Greek god of love.

Situation ethics

The circumstances of each situation are considered before making a decision if it is right or wrong.

Alliance

W3 Sources of authority: “That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united with his wife, and they become one flesh.” (Genesis 2:24) “Marriage should be honoured by all and the marriage kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and the sexually immoral.”

(Hebrews 13:4) “Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.” (Ephesians 6:1-4) “Children are a heritage from the Lord, offspring a reward from him. (Psalms 127:3)

“A new command I give to you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.” (John 13:34-5)

W4 Key beliefs: - Christians believe that marriage is part of God’s plan for many people, but not all; it is a gift from God. - Single people should be celibate until marriage. Sex should be inside marriage. - Some Christians think sex should only be between a man and a women, others are more liberal. - Christians believe parents should respect their children, and children should obey their parents. Parents should bring Children up in the Christian faith. - Christians believe that they have a responsibility to care of others and help them. - The local church provides both pastoral and spiritual care. - The Roman Catholic Church disagrees with any artificial form of contraception but allows natural methods. - The Church of England agrees with the responsible use of contraception. - The Roman Catholic Church does not permit divorce. Protestant churches including the Church of England accept that sometimes allowing divorce is the most loving thing to do.

Exam structure: a) Outline questions require three short sentences. b) Explain questions require two paragraphs, two different reasons developed. c) Require the same as B), plus a source of authority.

Exam structure: d) One paragraph outlining two or three points that agrees with the statement, one paragraph outlining two or three points that disagree with the statement, and your conclusion. You must use sources of authority and specialist vocabulary.

W6 Key Facts: Abortions can be carried out up to 24 weeks into a pregnancy in the UK. An abortion needs to be approved by two doctors who agree that physical or mental damage will be sustained by the mother if the pregnancy is continued. Christians believe in resurrection because Jesus died for human sin and that everyone will be judged and sent to either heaven or hell according to their sins in life. Orthodox and Catholic Christians believe in purgatory, which is where most souls may go to cleanse the sins of life to then progress to heaven. Hospices were set up by Dame Cicerly Saunders, a Catholic Christian, to ensure that people do not suffer and do not need euthanasia. This follows the teachings of natural law that life is precious.

Year: 10 Term: 3 Topic: Matters of Life and Death (Christianity)

Lesson Concepts 1. Creation 2. Cosmology 3. Evolution 4. Abortion 5. Life after Death 6. Euthanasia 7. Animals rights

Core Text: Edexcel GCSE (1-9) Religious Studies B Religion And Ethics: Christianity by Lynne Gibson

Key Words:

W1 Cosmology

The science and study of the origins of the universe and its development.

W3 Bioethics Concerned with issues of right and wrong with regard to certain aspects of health care.

The Theory of the Expanding Universe

Lemaitre put forward a theory that the universe has been expanding outwards, possibly into infinity.

Quality of Life Overall well-being of someone; how comfortable they are and how good their health care is.

Big Bang Theory

Expansion of the universe can be traced back to a single point in time.

Sanctity of Life Life is a precious gift from God. Life is sacred and cannot be taken away.

Anglican Society for the welfare of animals

Organisation founded to draw attention to the abuse of animals and raise awareness for caring for the creation.

Agape The most loving thing to do – associated with Joseph Fletcher and Situation Ethics – doing the most loving thing in the situation.

Creationists Do not accept scientific explanations for the origin of the universe.

Anthropogeny Study of human origins.

Euthanasia Means good death by allowing or assisting someone to die.

Evolution Charles Darwin developed the idea of ‘natural selection’ and ‘survival of the fittest in his book the Origin of the Species

W2 Special revelation

Events and happenings which made God’s will and knowledge available to humans.

W4 Creation story

The Bible states that God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh.

Natural Theology

Humans can find evidence of God in the laws and nature of the physical universe.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

This document was created by the UN in 1948 to protect the rights of all humans after the devastation caused by WW2.

William Paley Put forward the Argument from Design. Abortion Termination or ending of a pregnancy.

Lynn Townsend White

Creation story gave rise to human centred approach to the natural world as a commodity.

Pro-life People who against abortion because they believe that a foetus is a human life that should be protected.

Stewardship Humans should take care of Gods creation including animals

Pro-choice People who believe the mother should have the choice whether to terminate a pregnancy.

Reincarnation Cycle of death and rebirth E.g. Hinduism. Ensoulment The point at which God places a soul into an embryo/ foetus.

Alliance

W5 Sources of authority: ‘The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands.’ (Psalms 19:1-4) For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities – eternal power and the divine nature have clearly seen, being understood from what has been made… (Romans 1:20) ‘Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves of the ground.’(Genesis 1:28) ‘It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ, who has gone into heaven and is at God’s right hand. (1 Peter 3:15-22) Christians who care about climate change can bear witness by ensuring they tread lightly on the earth through reducing their consumption… (Operationnoah.org) ‘The righteous care for the needs of their animals.’ (Proverbs 12:10) ‘Humanist concern for quality of life and respect for personal autonomy lead to…voluntary euthanasia is the morally right course.’ (British Humanist Association)

Year: 9 Term: 1a Topic: Muslim Beliefs

Lesson Concepts 1 – The Six Beliefs of Islam 2 – The Six Beliefs of Islam 3 – The Five Roots of ‘Usual ad-Din 4 – The Five Roots of ‘Usual ad-Din 5 – The nature of Allah 6 – The nature of Allah 7 – Risalah: prophethood 8 – Risalah: prophethood 9 – Muslim holy books 10 – Muslim holy books 11- Key Assessment #1 12 – Malaikah: angels 13 - Malaikah: angels 14 – al-Qadr: predestination 15 – al-Qadr: predestination 16 – Akhirah: life after death 17 – Akhirah: life after death 18 – Revision 19 – EA Exam 1 20 – Feedback from EA Exam 1 21 – Improving your grade Core Text: L. Gibson, T. Hill - Edexcel GCSE (9-1), Religious Studies B – Paper 2: Religion, Peace and Conflict: Islam

Key Words:

W1 Kitab al-Iman

Where you would find the six beliefs of Islam documented

W2 Mi’ad The Day of Judgement and Resurrection

Tawhid The belief in the oneness of Allah Subhah Islamic prayer beads

Malaikah Belief in the existence of angels Rasuls Prophets who write their teachings in the holy books

Kutub The Arabic word for “revealed books”, including the Qur’an

Muhammad The last Prophet of Islam and the founder of Islam

Nubuwwah Belief in the prophets Al Qadr Belief in predestination

Risalah The message of the prophets – how the prophets communicate their message

Omniscient The belief that Allah is all-seeing

Ummah The Muslim brotherhood Akhirah Belief in life after death

Al-Jannah The Arabic word for paradise Jibril (Gabriel)

The angel who reveals the messages from Allah to the Prophets

Jahannam The Arabic word for hell Izra’il The angel who blows the trumpet to start judgement day

‘Adl Justice and fairness Mik’ail (Michael)

The angel who hands out rewards to good people

Imamah Successors to Muhammad Free will The idea that humans are in control of their own destiny

Alliance

W3 Sources of authority: “He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah the Eternal, Absolute” – Surah 112:1-4 “We believe in Allah and the revelation given to us”- Surah 2:136 ”I leave behind me two things, the Qur’an and my example the Sunnah” – Muhammad’s last sermon “… then We sent to her Our angel, and he appeared before her as a man in all respects” – Surah 19:17 “Nor can a soul die except by Allah’s leave…” – Surah 3:145 “Did you then think that We had created you in jest and that you would not be brought back to us for account?.” - Surah 23:115 “When the trumpet is blown, there will be no more relationships” – Surah 23:101 “Take not life which Allah has made sacred, except by way of justice” – Surah 6:151

W4 Differences between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims:

Sunni Muslims… Shi’a Muslims…

Believe Abu Bakr should have led Islam after Muhammad

Make up the largest proportion of Muslims globally – roughly 90%

Are located across the world, especially in the west

Believe in the Six Beliefs of Islam Tawhid, Malaikah, belief in holy

books, Nubuwwah/Risalah, belief in the day of judgement, Al-Qadr

Believe in Al-Qadr – predestination. Allah is in control of all actions past and present

Believe Ali and the Imams should have led Islam after Muhammad

Make up the smaller proportion of Muslims globally – roughly 10%

Are predominantly located in the Middle East

Believe in the Five Roots of Usul ad-Din

Tawhid, ‘Adl, Nubuwwah, Imamah and Mi’ad

Believe Allah sets out a path for people to follow, it is up to humans to use their free will to decide to stay on the path or not

Exam structure: a) Outline questions require three short sentences. b) Explain questions require two paragraphs, two different reasons developed. c) Require the same as B), plus a source of authority.

Exam structure: d) One paragraph which agrees with the statement, one paragraph which disagrees with the statement, and your conclusion. You must use sources of authority and specialist vocabulary.

Year: 9 Term: 3a Topic: Peace and Conflict: Islam

Lesson Concepts 1 – Muslim attitudes towards peace 2 – Muslims and peacemaking 3 – Muslim attitudes to conflict 4 – Pacifism 5 – Just War Theory 6 – Holy War 7 – Weapons of mass destruction 8 - Issues surrounding conflict 9 – Revision 10 – Key Assessment 11 – Feedback from Key Assessment 12 – Improving your grade

Core Text: Edexcel GCSE (1-9) Religious Studies B Paper 2: Religion, Peace and Conflict: Islam by Lynne Gibson

Key Words:

W1 Weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Nuclear, biological or chemical weapons designed to cause widespread damage and threat to life E.g. nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan during WW2.

W3 Arab Spring

Democratic uprisings that happened independently across the Arab world in 2011. Some used violence and others used non-violence to show dissatisfaction with government.

Greater Jihad Personal struggle for peace. Just War War is only allowed under certain circumstances.

Jihad The term is given more importance by Shi’a Muslims, especially the Twelver sect as it is one of the 10 practices of faith.

Just War Theory

Tradition found in Christianity that states taking human life is wrong but protection of citizens and lives of innocent people may require force.

Five Pillars Work to create peace for Muslims. United Nations

A group of countries that work together to promote unity and peace between all world nations

Islamic Relief Founded to help victims of war and helps provide aid to communities.

Harb al Maqadis

Holy war or war fought to defend Islam E.g. Muhammed at the Battle of Badr

Salaam Peace Engagement programme in London to change perceptions of Muslims.

As salaam One of the names of Allah meaning peace.

W2 Pluralistic Many faiths, religions and spirituality. W4 Lesser Jihad

Holy war should only be considered under certain circumstances and a last resort.

Peace Muslims believe that this is the absence of oppression, corruption and tyranny.

Mosaic An organisation set up by the Prince of Wales to ensure that Muslim offenders can find jobs after committing crime

Ahimsa Eastern religious belief in non-violence from Hinduism.

Passive resistance

Non-violent protest or resistance to authority such as sit-ins, boycotts or peaceful protests.

Hijrah Muhammed was forced to leave Makkah. Sufism Mystical Branch of Islam that can be identified as a pacifist movement.

Khalifah Act as a steward of the world caring for all. Pacifism Belief that war and violence is unjustifiable.

Islamophobia Prejudice and discrimination towards Muslims Muslim Council of Britain

Holds a role working towards building and developing interfaith relationships.

Alliance

W5 Arguments for WHD: Offer a strong and quick method to win a war. Provides protection to the side using the WHD. Arguments against WHD: Much destruction caused including civilian life. Conditions for Just War cannot be met by using WHD. Creates an unfair advantage.

W7 Key Facts: The common causes of conflict are:

1. Politics 2. Resources 3. History 4. Culture 5. Religion

Just War Conditions for Muslims: 1. Declared by a religious leader not a political leader. 2. Support of the Muslim community 3. Act of defence not attack 4. No aim to win land or power 5. Not to convert others to the religion of Islam 6. Last resort – all peaceful methods unsuccessful 7. No threat or danger to innocent civilians 8. No harm to trees, crops and animals

W6 Sources of authority: ‘Most Gracious are those who walk on earth in humility, and when the ignorant address them, they say ‘Peace!’ (Surah 25:63) Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to all kith and kin… (Surah 16:90) ‘…and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people…’ (Surah 5:32) ‘Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for Allah loves not transgressors.’ (Surah 2:190). ‘To those against whom war is made, permission is given (to fight), because they are wronged.’ (Surah 22:39) ‘When he turns his back, his aim everywhere is to spread mischief through the earth and destroy crops and cattle. But Allah loves not mischief.’ (Surah 2:205)