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Topics for Questions 16-19
• The Age of Exploration / Mercantilism• Mayas, Aztecs and Incas• Effects of Slave Trade – Middle Passage• The Reformation and Anti-Reformation• The Renaissance• Absolutism
The Age of Exploration / Mercantilism
• Columbus sails for Spain – (sails, Mercator maps, sexton) • Columbian Exchange• Spanish influence = Encomienda System based on blood and
where born, Guns, Germs, Slaves, Language (CONTRAST: Haiti = French, Brazil = Portuguese)
• Conquistadors destroy Mayas, Aztecs, Incas (COMPARE/CONTRAST the 3)
• Mercantilism = Favorable trade balance for Mother Country (rapes resources cheap, creates goods, sells goods back to colony)
Navigational Inventions Allow For Exploration
Sexton
Mercator Maps
Columbian Exchange = Trade Inspired By Columbus’ Voyages
Mercantilism = Merchant Trade is For Benefit of Mother Country
Resources + Tax Money Flow To Mother country – Resources Turned into a Finished Item – Finished Item Sold Back to Colony
REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS1. List a few inventions that made navigating the oceans easier and allowed for the
cross-Atlantic exploration of the “New world”
2. List three items that were indigenous to the “New World” and were brought to Europe through the Columbian Exchange
3. List three items that were indigenous to Europe and were brought to “The New world” through the Columbian Exchange
4. Describe the economic system called Mercantilism
5. How did Mercantilism result in a favorable balance of trade for the Mother country?
Post-Columbian Central and South American History
Brazil = Portuguese
Suriname = Dutch
Guinea = French
The Rest = Spanish
Aztecs Mayas IncasWarriors
Pyramids Central Gov + Gatherings
Mayan CalendarIncan Terrace Farming
Quipu Knots = Unwritten Language
Encomienda SystemSocial Order – Based on Birth Peninsulares = Full Blood Spaniard Born in Spain
South American Creole Revolutionaries = Full Blood Spanish But Were Born in the Americas Upset at Lack of Power in Encomienda System
Simon Bolivar Jose De San Martin
REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS1. What was the unwritten communication of the Inca?
2. How did the Inca adjust their farming methods to their environment?
3. Which Native American tribe was a Warrior tribe?
4. List an item that shows the Maya were an advanced people
5. What was the name for Full Blooded Spaniards who were born in Spain and not in the New World?
6. Why were South American revolutionaries upset at the Encomienda System?
The Reformation
• Martin Luther = 95 Theses • Challenges corruption in Catholic Church• Calls for *Reform*• *Protests* indulgences
• Indulgences = Catholic Priests “Selling” Forgiveness
• Encourages Protestant Church (Lutheran)• Moveable Type Printing Press: spreads the
word, growth of education and literacy
Martin Luther = 95 Theses Protest Against Catholic Church
Pinned To Church DoorGutenberg’s Printing Press = Spread Word
of Protestant Reform Movement
Counter-Reformation
The Catholic Church Strikes Back
The Council of Trent The Spanish Inquisition
The Renaissance
• Renaissance = Rebirth of Culture• Italy• Humanism = celebrate humans• Rich people want art that celebrates human
accomplishments and can pay to commission artists (CONTRAST: Humanism vs Religious Art)
• Artists = Rafael, Donatello, Leonardo (DaVinci), and Michelangelo
• “Questioning” the church seen as OK
Humanist Art Rich People Choose to Commission artists to Celebrate Individual
Accomplishments
REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS1. Why did Martin Luther think the Catholic Church needed reforming? How did he protest these issues?
2. Describe one way that the Catholic church countered the Protestant Reformation
3. Who were Renaissance artists commissioned (paid) by? How was this different than previous time periods?
4. What did the Humanist artists of the Renaissance celebrate in their art?
5. List four Renaissance artists. (Hint: Name the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
Absolutism
• Absolute Monarchs = Strong Centralized Government
• King Louis XIV = The Sun King– “I AM THE STATE”
• Peter the Great – Warm Water Ports
• Catherine the Great– Enlightened Despot = Cared for her people
King Louis XIV –The Sun King* The Sun rises and falls with the French Empire
* “I Am The State!”
ABSOLUTE RULERSPeter The Great of Russia
* Order Russians to “act more European”* Eliminates Mongolian Influence
* De-isolation: Captures Warm Water Ports
REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Explain the way King Louis the 14th felt about his leadership of France
2. What did Peter “The Great” do for Russia that made him so great?