Topics in ten…
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
• Size (500nm – several um) • Genetics (HGT)• Gram type (peptidoglycan)• Metabolism • Reproduction• Pathogenesis
Viruses
Viruses
Viruses
• Size (30nm – several um) • Genetics - type• Proteins – env, • Reproduction
Epigenetics:the study of changes in gene expression or cellular
phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
Epigenetics:the study of changes in gene expression or cellular
phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
Prions
Prions are generally quite resistant to proteases, heat, radiation, and formalin treatments.Effective prion decontamination relies upon protein hydrolysis or reduction or destruction of protein tertiary structure.Examples include bleach, caustic soda, and strongly acidic detergents such as LpH.134 °C (274 °F) for 18 minutes in a pressurized steam autoclave may not be enough to deactivate the agent of disease
Prions
Affected animal(s) Disease
sheep, goat Scrapie[42]
cattle Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), mad cow disease[42]
mink[42] Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME)
white-tailed deer, elk, mule deer, moose[42] Chronic wasting disease (CWD)
cat[42] Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)
nyala, oryx, greater kudu[42] Exotic ungulate encephalopathy (EUE)
ostrich[43] Spongiform encephalopathy(Has not been shown to be transmissible.)
human
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD)[42]
Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (iCJD)
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD)
Familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (fCJD)
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD)Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS)[42]
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)[44]
Kuru[42]