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EXERCISETOPIC: SALTS

1 Which of the following is an insoluble salt?

Antara yang berikut, manakah merupakan garam tak larut?

A Calcium nitrate

Kalsium nitrat

B Potassium nitrate

Kalium nitrat

C Calcium carbonate

Kalsium karbonat

D Potassium carbonate

Kalium karbonat

2 Which of the following substances is not a salt?

A Zinc oxideB Sodium nitrateC Calcium chlorideD Ammonium sulphate

3 Which of the following is a coloured salt?

Antara berikut yang manakah suatu garam berwarna?

A Iron(II) sulphate

Ferum(II) sulfat

B Silver nitrate

Argentum nitrat

C Lead(II) nitrate

Plumbum(II) nitrat

D Calcium carbonate

Kalsium karbonat

4. Reaction between solution A and sodium chloride solution will produce lead(II) chlorideprecipitate and sodium nitrate solution.Tindak balas antara larutan A dan larutan natrium klorida akan menghasilkan mendakanplumbum(II) klorida dan larutan natrium nitrat.

Which of the following substances is A?Antara berikut, yang manakah A?

A Lead(II) iodide

Plumbum(II) iodidaB Lead(II) nitratePlumbum(II) nitrat

A + 2NaCl PbCl2 + 2NaNO3

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C Lead(II) carbonatePlumbum(II) karbonat

D Lead(II) sulphatePlumbum(II) sulfat

5 Substance X + Sulphuric acid Salt Y + Water + Carbon dioxide

Bahan X asid sulfuric Garam Y Air Karbon dioksida

Referring to the equation above, what could substance X be?

Merujuk persamaan diatas , apakah kemungkinan bahan X ?

A Coppe(11) oxide

Kuprum(II) oksida

B Magnesium metal

Logam magnesium

C Zinc carbonate

Zink karbonat

D Sodium hydroxideNatrium hidroksida

6.Diagram 8 shows a method of preparing insoluble salt by mixing solution X and solution Y.Rajah 8 menunjukkan suatu kaedah penyedian garam tak terlarutkan melalui campuran larutan X dan

larutan Y.

Diagram 8Rajah 8

What is the type of the reaction shown in Diagram 8.Apakah jenis tindak balas ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.

A.Neutralisation reactionTindak balas peneutralan

B.Substitutiuon reactionTindak balas penukar gantian

C.Precipitation reactionTindak balas pemendakan

D.Addition reactionTindak balas penambahan

Solution YLarutan Y

SaltGaram

Mixing two solutionCampuran dua larutan

DryKeringkan

Salt crystals

Filter and rinseTuras dan bilas

Solution XLarutan X

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7 Which substance is most normally added to an acid to prepare sodium chloride?

Bahan yang manakah paling biasa ditambahkan kepada suatu asid untukmenyediakan natrium klorida?

A An alkali

Suatu alkali

B A metal

Suatu logam

C A carbonate

Suatu karbonat

D An insoluble base

Suatu bes yang tak terlarutkan

8 R is decomposed by strong heating. The residue is yellow when hot and white when

cold.

What is R ?

R terurai apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat. Baki berwarna kuning semasa panas dan

putih semasa sejuk terhasil.

Apakah R ?

A Lead(II) oxide

Plumbum(II) oksida

B Lead(II) carbonate

Plumbum(II) karbonat

C Zinc oxide

Zink oksida

D Zinc carbonate

Zink karbonat

9 Diagram 2 shows the set up of apparatus for the heating of salt X. The gas releasedturns the lime water chalky.

DIAGRAM 2

Which of the following is salt X ?

Lime water

Salt X

Heat

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A Zinc nitrateB Zinc sulphateC Zinc carbonateD Sodium carbonate

10 The following equation represents the reaction of preparing zinc sulphate salt.Persaman berikut mewakili tindak balas menyediakan garam zink sulfat

ZnO + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2OWhich substances can be used to replace zinc oxide?

Bahan-bahan yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan zink oksida?

I Zinc

Zink

II Zinc hydroxide

Zink hidroksida

III Zinc carbonate

Zink karbonat

IV Zinc nitrate

Zink nitrat

A I and III only

I dan III sahaja

B II and IV only

II dan IV sahajaC I, II and III only

I,II dan III sahaja

D I, II, III and IVI, II, III, dan IV sahaja

11 A precipitate is formed when hydrochloric acid is added to solution X. Which ofthe following solutions is most probably solution X?

Mendakan terbentuk apabila asid hidroklorik ditambah kepada larutan X.

Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah mungkin larutan X?

AB

C

D

Zinc nitrateSilver nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

12 Which of the following salt can be prepared by double decomposition reaction?

Antara garam berikut, yang manakah boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas

penguraian ganda dua?

A

B

CD

Sodium nitrate

Potassium carbonate

Calcium sulphateMagnesium chloride

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13 You are required to verify the cation and anion in a sample of ammonium sulphate salt solution.What reagents can you use to verify the cation and anion?

Anda dikehendaki mengesahkan kation dan anion dalam satu sampel larutan ammonium sulfat.Apakah reagen-reagen yang boleh gunakan untuk mengesahkan kation dan anion?

A

B

C

D

Cation AnionKation Anion

Nessler reagent Dilute hidrochloric acid and barium chloride solution

Reagen Nessler Asid hidroklorik cair dan larutan barium klorida

Nessler reagent Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solutionReagen Nessler Asid nitrik cair dan larutan argentum nitrat

Potassium thiocyanate Dilute hidrochloric acid and barium chloride solution

Kalium tiosianat Asid hidroklorik cair dan larutan barium klorida

Potassium thiocyanate Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solutionKalium tiosianat Asid nitrik cair dan larutan argentum nitrat

14 Which of the following ions form a white precipitate that is insoluble in excess ammoniasolution?

I Zn2+II Pb2+

III Ca

2+

IV Mg2+

A I and II onlyB II and III onlyC II and IV onlyD III and IV only

15 Zinc chloride solution and aluminium chloride solution are colourless solutions.Which of the following can be used to differentiate the solutions?

Larutan zink klorida dan larutan aluminium klorida adalah larutan tidak berwarna.Antara berikut, yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk membezakan larutan-larutan

tersebut?

A Ammonia solutionLarutan ammonia

B Barium nitrate solution

Larutan barium nitrat

C Silver nitrate solution

Larutan argentum nitrat

D Sodium hydroxide solutionLarutan natrium hidroksida

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16 The equation shows the decomposition of a copper(II) nitrate salt.Persamaan menunjukkan penguraian garam kuprum(II) nitrat.

Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide, NO2 gas at room condition if 0.1 mol of Cu(NO3)2salt is heated.

Hitung isipadu gas nitrogen dioksida, NO2pada keadaan bilik jika 0.1 mol garamCu(NO3)2dipanaskan?

Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions

Isipadu molar = 24 dm3mol-1 pada suhu bilik.

A

B

C

D

0.6 dm3

1.2 dm3

2.4 dm3

4.8 dm3

17 The reaction between copper(II) oxide and dilute sulphuric acid is represented by the followingchemical equation.Tindak balas antara kuprum(II) oksida dan asid sulfurik cair diwakili oleh persamaan kimia berikut.

CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(s) + H2O(l)

6.0 g copper(II) oxide is added to 50.0 cm3of 1.0 mol dm

-3sulphuric acid.

what is the mass of of copper(II) oxide left at the end of the reaction?[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Cu = 64]

6.0g kuprum(II) oksida ditambah kepada 50.0 cm3

asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3

Berapakah jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang tinggal pada akhir tindak balas?[Jisim atom relatif: O = 16; Cu = 64]

A 0.3 g

B 2.0 g

C 2.8 g

D 4.0 g

2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

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PAPER 2STRUCTURE

1. Diagram 5.1 shows the set up of apparatus for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.Copper (II) oxide powder is added into acid until in excess.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambahkan kepada asid sehingga berlebihan.

(a) State the colour of copper (II) sulphate solution.Nyatakan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.

..........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1, name the acid used to prepare copper (II) sulphate.Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, namakan asid yang digunakan bagi menyediakan kuprum (II)sulfat.

..............

[1 mark]

(c) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.

........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

Excess copper (II) oxide powderSerbuk kuprum (II) oksida berlebihan

AcidAsid

xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

HeatPanas

Diagram 5.1Rajah 5.1

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(d) State the reason why copper (II) oxide powder is added until in excess.Nyatakan sebab mengapa serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambah sehingga berlebihan.

..............

[1 mark]

(e) 0.1 mol of copper (II) sulphate is produced from the reaction between acid andexcess copper (II) oxide.Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate formed.0.1 mol kuprum (II) sulfat dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara asid dan kuprum (II)oksida berlebihan.Hitung jisim kuprum (II) sulfat yang terbentuk.

[Relative Atomic Mass: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16][Jisim Atom Relatif: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]

[2 marks]

(f) Describe a chemical test to verify the present of cation in copper (II) sulphatesolution.Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kehadiran kation dalam larutan kuprum

(II) sulfat.

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(g) Diagram 5.2 shows the decomposition of compound X to form copper (II)oxide and gas Q.Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan penguraian sebatian X bagi menghasilkan kuprum (II) oksidadan gas Q.

+

Gas Q turns the limewater chalky.

Compound XSebatian X

Copper (II) oxideKuprum (II) oksida

Gas QGas Q

Diagram 5.2Rajah 5.2

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Compound X is another copper compound.Gas Q mengeruhkan air kapur.Sebatian X adalah sebatian kuprum yang lain.

Based on the observation of limewater,Berdasarkan pemerhatian ke atas air kapur,

(i) Name gas Q.Namakan gas Q.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Write the formula of compound X.Tulis formula bagi sebatian X.

...................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

2. Diagram 4 shows a series reaction of zinc compound.Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas bagi sebatian zink.

a)Zinc nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution to form zinc carbonateprecipitate.

Larutan zink nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat untuk membentuk mendakan zinkkarbonat.

(i) What is the colour of zinc carbonate?Apakah warna zink karbonat?

..

[1 mark]

Zinc carbonateZink karbonat

Zinc oxideZink oksida

Sodium carbonateNatrium karbonatZinc nitrate

Zink nitrat

Zinc sulphateZink sulfat

Diagram 4Rajah 4

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(ii) Name the reaction.Namakan tindak balas ini.

...................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

b) Heating of zinc carbonate produce zinc oxide and gas R.Pemanasan zink karbonat menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R.

i) Name gas R.Namakan gas R.

..

[1 mark]

ii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

........................................................

[2 marks]

(iii) Draw a labeled diagram for the heating of zinc carbonate to produce zincoxide and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is tested.

Lukis gambar rajah berlabel bagi pemanasan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan zinkoksida dan gas R. Dalam gambar rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana gas R itu diuji.

[2 marks]

(c)Zinc carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate. The chemicalequation is shown below.

Zink karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid sulfuric untuk menghasilkan zink sulfat.Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini ditunjukkan di bawah.

ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + CO2 + H2O

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6.5 g Zinc carbonate reacts completely with excess sulphuric acid.

Calculate the mass of zinc sulphate produced.

6.5 g zink karbonat bertindak balas lengkap dengan asid sulfuric berlebihan.Hitungkan jisim zink sulfat yang terbentuk.

[Relative molecular mass: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148][Jisim molekul relative:ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148]

3. A student carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation ofbarium chromate(VI).Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagipembentukan barium kromat(VI).

Step I 5.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of potassium chromate(VI) solution is pouredinto each test tube labelled 1 to 8.

Step II 1.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of barium chloride solution is added into testtube 1.

Step III Step II is repeated by using test tube 2 to test tube 8 using the volumebarium chloride solution as shown in Table 4.

Step IV All the test tube are shaken and put in the rack to allow bariumchromate(VI) to precipitate. The height of the precipitate is measuredand recorded.

The result of the experiment is shown in Table 4.Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalan Jadual 4.

Test tubeTabung uji 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Volume of bariumchloride/ cm3Isipadu bariumklorida/ cm

31.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Height of

precipitate/ cmTinggi mendakan/cm 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

a) What is the colour of the precipitate formed?Apakah warna mendakan yang terbentuk?

........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

Table 4Jadual 4

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b) Based on Table 4, plot a graph of the height of precipitate against the volumeof barium chloride solution.Berdasarkan Jadual 4, lukis graf tinggi mendakan melawan isipadu barium klorida.

[3 marks]

c) Based on the plotted graph in (b)Berdasarkan graf yang telah dilukis di (b),

(i) Determine the minimum volume of barium chloride solution needed tocompletely react with 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI)solution.Tentukan isipadu minimum larutan barium klorida yang diperlukan untukbertindakbalas lengkap dengan 5.0 cm

3larutan kalium kromat (VI) 1.0 mol dm

-3.

[1 mark]

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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of barium ions, Ba2+.Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion barium, Ba

2+.

[1 mark]

(iii) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42-.

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO42-

.

[1 mark]

(iv) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42- that has

reacted with 1 mole of barium ions, Ba2+ .Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO4

2-yang telah bertindakbalas

dengan 1 mol ion barium, Ba2+

.

[1 mark]

(v) Write the ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI).Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan barium kromat(VI).

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

c) The height of precipitate in test tubes 5,6,7 and 8 remains unchanged. Explainwhy.Tinggi mendakan dalam tabung uji 5,6,7 dan 8 tidak berubah. Terangkan mengapa.

.......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

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ESEI

1(a)The following flow chart in diagram 7 shows the formation of copper (II)

salt solution and a series of its reactions.

Diagram 7

Rajah 7

Based on Diagram 7:

Berdasarkan Rajah 7:

(i) Identify salt X, gas Z and Y precipitate

[3 marks](ii) Write a chemical equation for the formation of Y precipitate.

[2 marks](iii) Copper (II) salt solution is a soluble salt. Describe chemical test to verify

the cation and anion in the compound.

[5 marks]

+ sulphuric acid

+ asid sulfurik

+ Barium nitrate solution

+ Larutan Barium nitrat

Pass through

lime water

Alir ke dalam

air kapur

Salt of X compound

Sebatian garam X

Copper (II) salt solution + water + gas Z

Larutan garam kuprum (II) + air + gas Z

Y precipitate

Mendakan Y

Gas ZGas Z

Lime water turns cloudy

Air kapur keruh

Heat

Panaskan

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2 (a) Lead(II) nitrate is a soluble salt and lead(II) sulphate is an insoluble salt.

Plumbum(II) nitrat adalah garam larut dan plumbum(II) sulfat adalah garam taklarut.

(i) State the method of preparation both of the salts.

Nyatakan kaedah penyediaan kedua-dua garam itu.

(ii) State the reactants for the preparation of lead(II) sulphate.

Nyatakan bahan tindak balas bagi penyediaan plumbum(II) sulfat.

[4 marks]

(b) By using lead(II) oxide or lead(II) carbonate as a reactant, describe how a sampleof lead(II) nitrate crystals can be prepared in the laboratory.In your description, include the chemical equation involved.

Dengan menggunakan plumbum(II) oksidaatauplumbum(II) karbonat sebagaibahan tindak balas, huraikan bagaimana satu sampel hablur plumbum(II) nitratdapat disediakan dalam makmal.Dalam huraian anda, sertakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.

[10 marks]

(c) Three test-tubes contain colourless solutions. The labelled on the test-tubes areremoved. Each test-tube contains whether dilute hydrochloric acid, dilutesulphuric acid or sodium sulphate solution.Describe chemical tests that can be used to verify the solutions in each test-tube.

Tiga tabung uji mengandungi larutan tidak berwarna. Label pada tabung uji telahtertanggal. Setiap tabung uji mengandungi sama ada asid hidroklorik cair, asidsulfurik cair atau larutan natrium sulfat.Huraikan ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menentusahkan larutan dalamsetiap tabung uji.

[6 marks]

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3 (a) Salts can be classified into soluble and insoluble salt.

(i) Name one example of an insoluble chloride salt.

[1 mark]

(ii) Name the chemicals needed to prepare salt in (a) (i) and name the reaction.

[3 marks]

(b) Diagram 8 shows a flow chart of the qualitative analysis of substance X.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan carta alir analisis kualitatif bagi sebatian X.

Diagram 8Rajah 8

(i) Based on diagram 8, identify the

Black powder X

Blue solution Y

Cation and anion of Y solution.

[4 marks]

Black powder X

Serbuk hitam X

Add hydrochloric acid, HCl solution

Tambah larutan asid hidroklorik, HCl

Blue solution Y

Larutan biru Y

Solution Y + Sodium hydroxide,NaOH solution

Larutan Y + larutan natriumhidroksida, NaOH

Blue precipitate

Mendakan biru

Solution Y + Silver nitrate,AgNO3 solution

Larutan Y + Larutan argentumnitrat, AgNO3

White precipitate

Mendakan putih

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(c) An experiment is carried out to construct an ionic equation for an insoluble salt,lead (II) chromate (VI).

A fixed volume of 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2solution is placed into each of the 8 test tubes of the same size.

Different volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI), K2CrO4 solutionis added to each test tube.

The height of the yellow precipitate, lead (II) chromate (VI) formed intoeach test tube is measured, recorded and plotted in Graph 8.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Graph 8Graf 8

Height of lead (II) chromate(VI) precipitate / cm

Volume of potassium chromate(VI) solution, K2CrO4 / cm

3

Isipadu larutan kaliumkromat(VI), K2CrO4 / cm

3

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Based on Graph 8

(i) Calculate

The number of moles of lead (II) ions used.

The number of moles of potassium chromate (VI) that has reactedcompletely with 5.00 cm3 of lead (II) nitrate.

[4 marks]

(ii) Based on the answer in (c) (i), construct an ionic equation for the formation

of lead (II) chromate (VI).

[2 marks]

(iii) Explain why

The height of precipitate formed increases and then remain constantTinggi mendakan bertambah dan kemudian menjadi malar.

The colour change in the solution above the precipitate.Perubahan warna larutan di bahagian atas mendakan.

The eight test tubes used are of the same size.Kelapan-lapan tabung uji yang digunakan adalah bersaizsama.

[6 marks]