Toronto’s First
People
Toronto Urban Studies Centre800 Greenwood Ave., Suite A4Toronto, On M4J 4B7Tel: 416-393-0661 Fax: 416-393-0089Email: [email protected]://toes.tdsb.on.ca/tusc
January, 2015
Putting Toronto in Perspective
Formation of the Great Lakes
The Ice Age (28 000 - 8 000 BCE)10 000 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000
Ice Age
BCE
glacier
Ontario2 millionyears ago
553
met
ers
2 ki
lom
eter
s
as time passes ...
Continental Glacier
future siteof Toronto
Lake Iroquois
Stones for Tools: Chert or Flint
Paleo-Indian Period (9 000 - 7 000 BCE)10 000 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000
Paleo-Indian Period
BCE
EXTINCT
MOVED NORTH
Nomadic(travel from place to place following animal herds)
Hunters(use animals for survival)
4Food(animals)
4Clothing(animals)
4Shelter(animals)
4Tools(animals& stones)
Survival Needs:
as time passes ...
WoollyMammoth
Mastodon
Caribou
Archaic Period (7 000 - 900 BCE)7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000
Archaic Period
BCE
Autumn & Winter Spring & Summer
small bands:20-50 people
=
Travel(follow walking paths and water)
Hunters Gatherers
Move with Seasons
Trade(exchange goods and ideas with others)
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
LakeSimcoe
Toronto Passage
LEGENDWater
Toronto area
RougeRiver
HumberRiver
GeorgianBay
Toronto Passage Trade Route
Snowshoes
Walking
Canoes
Autumn & Winter Spring & Summer
Pottery
Bow & Arrow
Woodland Period (900 BCE - 600 CE)
3 000 2 000 1 000 1 000 2 0000
Woodland Period
BCE CE
Move with Seasons
Three Important Developments(change lifestyle and adapt tools)
Reasons for Trade
4Relationships
4Gifts
4Ideas
8 $Profit
Agriculture
The ThreeSisters
The Wendat (Huron) in Toronto (600 - 1600 CE)
3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000CEBCE
Wendat(Huron)Woodland Period
Wendat (Huron) - descendants of Woodland People
Two Alliances(the many Haudensaunee nations divide into two separate alliances)
Haudensaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy
Wendat (Huron) Alliance
Original Name European Name Original Name European Name:
Haudensaunee Iroquois Wendat Huron
Onondowahgah Seneca Etionnontateronnon Tobacco
Guyohkohnyoh Cayuga Atiwandaronks Neutral
Onundagaono Onondaga Erielhonan Erie
Onayotekaono Oneida
Kanienkahagan Mohawk
Haudensaunee(Iroquois)
as time passes ...
huntingwarriors
farming
Semi-permanent Villages(live and work together to meet basic needs)
longhouse (exterior)
longhouse (interior)
44
Wendatmove north
Torontowilderness
Wendat (Huron)
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
LakeSimcoe
Toronto Passage
LEGENDWater
Toronto area
RougeRiver
HumberRiver
Onondowahgh(Seneca)
Guyohkohnyoh(Cayuga)
Onundagaono(Onondaga)
Onayotekaono(Oneida)
Kanienkahagan(Mohawk)
Haudensaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy
Wendat (Huron) Alliance
Aboriginal areas before 1600 CE
Onondowahgah (Seneca) in Toronto (1660 - 1680 CE)
3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000
Onondowahgh(Seneca)
BCE CE
4Trade- located on Humber River
4Food- crops planted nearby
4Protection- on high ground- fences around village
4People- 4000-5000 people- 50 longhouses
8Last a long time- 1680s Seneca leave- Teiaigon destroyed
Permanent Settlement(Teiaigon 1676 - first in Toronto)
Teiaigon
Ganatsekwyagon
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
GeorgianBay
LakeSimcoe
Toronto Passage
LEGENDWater
Toronto area
RougeRiver
HumberRiver
Onondowahgh(Seneca)
Guyohkohnyoh(Cayuga)
Onundagaono(Onondaga)
Onayotekaono(Oneida)
Kanienkahagan(Mohawk)
Wendat(Huron)
Movement
Community
Haudensaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy
Area Map 1660-1680 CE
Teiaigon
Mississauga in Toronto (1690 CE - Present)
3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000
Mississauga
BCE CE
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
GeorgianBay
LakeSimcoe
TorontoPassage
LEGEND
Water
Torontoarea
RougeRiverHumber
River
Anishnabe(Mississauga)
Mississauga in Toronto
Hunter-Gatherer
4
4Autumn & Winter Spring & Summer
Move with Seasons
8Permanent Settlements
Farmer
8
Lifestyle of Mississauga:
Aboriginals Today
Welcome to
TorontoPopulation: 2,480,000
Welcome to
MississaugaPopulation: 700,000
Welcome toOntarioPopulation: 12,689,000
Welcome to
CanadaPopulation: 33,390,141
Contact with the French (1600’s - 1759 CE)3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000
Contact with French
BCE CE
French Trade with First Nations(started 1600s lasted until 1759)
4New Diseaseshalf of aboriginal people died
4New Religious Beliefsintroduced christianity
4Convenientmore ‘new’ itemsconvenient for First Nations
French and British Conflict(both wantd to control Great Lakes area for beaver fur to make hats)
VS for
Great Lakes Area 1750
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
GeorgianBay
LakeSimcoe
Toronto Passage
LEGEND
Water
Toronto area
RougeRiver
HumberRiver
French Fort
British Fort
British Area
French Area
Fort Rouille(1750)
Fort Niagara
Fort Frontenac
Fort Oswego(1722)
