Deep offshore A technologicAl And humAn Adventure

Growth sectors

2

In the face of the world’s growing demand for hydrocarbons, the oil and gas industry set out to conquer the deep offshore, an extraordinary industrial adventure in a context that until recently had remained beyond its grasp.

T he deep offshore is believed to harbor some 5% of the world’s oil and gas re-sources. In some regions of the globe

(West Africa, North America and South America), deepwater reservoirs account for more than 75% of the productible volumes discovered in recent years.First undertaken in the 1980s, deepwater explo-ration began to pay off in the early years of this century. Since that time, the production of oil from deep offshore reservoirs has increased steadily. By 2015, it is projected to reach 10 million barrels per day (Mb/d), equivalent to 10% of global oil output.

OvercOming numerOus challengesThe main challenges to deepwater production relate to the extreme conditions of the abyssal environment:•cold: the ambient temperature is around 4° C•pressure: increases by 1 bar for every 10 m of

depth, meaning 150 bar at a water depth of 1,500 meters – a force equivalent to 6 tons exer-ted on a surface area the size of a credit card.

In this context, crude oil would congeal immedia-

tely in an “ordinary” pipeline. Solutions had to be found to prevent the oil from cooling and ensure its fluidity over the thousands ofmeters itmusttravel to reach the surface.Through its twenty years of experience, Total has successfully developed game-changing tech-nologies tailored to these conditions. While the focus today has shifted to optimizing project eco-nomics, raising recovery factors and preparing for the aging of its facilities, the Group’s expertise is also driving it to invest in new deposits even moredifficult toaccessorcontainingparticularlycomplex oils.

limiTing The envirOnmenTal fOOTprinT: a priOriTyEnvironmental performance is a priorty over the entire life cycle of every deep-water project. Regular monitoring and audits are carried out to guarantee strict compliance with the most strin-gent standards for produced water discharge.Efforts to curb greenhouse gas emisions are served by optimizing the energy efficiency of FPSOs and recovering oifield associated gas(for liquefaction or reinjection)

Preventing hydrate formation

A hydrate is a crystal solid with a structure similar to ice. Hydrocarbons form hydrates with water in conditions of low temperature and high pressure – precisely the environment encountered in the ocean deeps. Hydrate blocks are liable to plug production lines and therefore constitute a major risk. For this reason, preventing hydrate formation has been one of the major thrusts of deepwater research.

Focus

Dalia field development scheme, Block 17, Angola.

Milestones

The unsuspected diversity of deepwater eco-systems

Before the oil industry began to focus on the deep offshore, little was known about life in the abyss. Total teamed up with experts on marine life to carry out an inventory of these unique ecosystems, which have proved to consist of much more abundant and varied species than anyone had ever imagined.

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1 D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

A flagship industrial adventure

3

Total, already renowned for its pioneering role in deepwater development, is pursuing an ambitious exploration strategy to consolidate its position in this sector. By 2012, the Group will be the leading deep offshore operator in West Africa andthefirsttomonetizethedeepwatergasresourcesoftheNorthSea.

T otal has earned its place in oil-industry his-tory as a deepwater pioneer. As early as 1982, the Group achieved a deep offshore

feat in the Mediterranean with the successful dril-lingofthefirstexperimentalwellunder1,714me-ters of water.But the true showcase for Total’s innovative prowess has been the Gulf of Guinea. First oil on theGirassolfieldwasachievedin2001–justsixyears after discovery. The conquest of the deep offshore had begun.Since then, there has been no turning back. Total’s record of achievement has earned the Group operatorship on twelve developments cur-

rently in production, under construction or under study in the deepwater sectors of the Gulf of Gui-nea (Angola, Congo, Nigeria) and the North Sea.

a decade Of TechnOlOgical innOvaTiOn Deepwater operations have come to symbolize Total’s capacity for innovation. With each new project, the Group’s R&D teams manage to invent solutions to overcome increasingly strin-gent constraints.For the Girassol project in 2001, for example, Total invented a new riser concept which con-sisted of housing all the riser pipes within three

1.5-meter-diameter “towers”, 1,250 m tall. In 2006, innovation centered on the flexible IntegratedProduction Bundle (IPB) risers for Dalia. These behemoths measure 1,650 m in length and 60 cm in diameter. They incorporate innovative techno-logies that make feasible the production of the field’sviscousoil.Inlate2011,thistimeonthehugePazflorprojectin Angola’s deepwater acreage, Total became the firstintheworldtoimplementsubseaseparationof gas and liquids (oil + water) under 800 m of water. This step-change in technology resolves the challenge of producing the heavy, viscous oils ofthreeoutofthepermit’sfourfields

By 2012, the Group will be the leading deep offshore operator in West Africa.

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

Total, a world-class player

4

E x p E r t i s E

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

Deepwater know-how

W henthecolossaloilfields–andunsuspectedpotential–ofWestAfrica’sdeepoffshoreacreagewerediscoveredin the late 1990s, virtually everything had to be invented from scratch to permit access to these deepwater

reserves. Some of the greatest challenges were to understand the reservoirs, define suitable drilling techniquesand well design, qualify subsea production systems, and develop tools for learning about and preserving abyssal ecosystems.

Since those early discoveries, sprawling subsea networks have been installed in waters more than 1,000 m deep – a feat driven by a powerful innovation machine and a series of technological breakthroughs.

Through its large-scale projects off the coasts of Angola, Congo and Nigeria, Total has pursued a bold industrial strategywhilekeepingitssightssetfirmlyonsafetyandtheenvironment.

Installation of flexible pipes on the seabed for the Dalia Project.

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

5

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

A key factor in Total’s success in the deep offshore has been its understanding of turbidite reservoirs – the complex, heterogeneoussedimentarysystemsspecifictothedeepwaterenvironment.TheGroupisapplyingcutting-edgetoolsof geophysics to enhance the reliability of its geological models.

m ost deepwater reservoirs are a type of formation known as turbidite depo-sits. When Total discovered Girassol

in 1995, little was known about these systems, which thus became a major research focus for the Group’s geoscientists. A large-scale study program called ZaiAngo (for Zaire, Angola and Congo) was conducted jointly by Total and the French ocea-nographic institute Ifremer from 1998 to 2001. Its series of nine surveys in water depths from 500 to 5,000 m revealed the “submarine fan” of the Congo River. This huge system spreads over an estimated 300,000 km², of which some 200,000 km² of the total area was successful-ly mapped. The ZaiAngo program provided an under- standing of modern sediment deposition phenomena and a basis for developing reliable models applicable to similar Tertiary reservoirs, the targets for oil production.

The challenge Of subsalT imagingIn many areas, the sedimentary systems that contain hydrocarbons are covered over by enormous dome-shaped salt bodies that act as a barrier and scatter the seismic waves normally used to build an image of the subsurface. To over-comethisdifficulty,Totaloptedforanew-generation acquisition technology called Wide Azimuth Towed Streamers (WATS) to “illuminate” the geology of Block 32 (Angola), which is deformed by numerous salt bodies. By combining the shots of a given point taken along various azimuths (directions), this mobile set-up – the largest mobile structure in the world – revealed geologic structures that had formerly been hidden. The data set from this acquisition was processed by Total’s experts and the result was a subsurface image that provided a much more reliable depic-tion of geologic reality

cOnTinenTal slOpe, gulf Of guinea (crOss-secTiOn)

A WATS seismic acquired on Block 32, Angola.

Focus

Promising new reservoirs

In addition to being in the forefront of expertise in turbidite reservoirs, Total is working on identifying other geological structures liable to contain large accumulations of oil and/or gas:

•microbiolite reservoirs: formed by microbes in shallow water depths, these microbial carbonates have gradually become buried as a result of tectonic movements;

•stratigraphic traps: these reservoirs are the result of lateral changes in rock permeability and porosity. For example, oil and gas can become trapped when a porous, permeable reservoir rock (sandstone) transitions to an impermeable seal (shale).

Milestones

The complex architecture of turbidite reservoirs

Turbidite reservoirs form when sediments accumulate at the mouth of major rivers or alluvial systems. This build-up periodically triggers subsea landslides, whose recurrence eventually leads to the formation of vast sedimentary bodies that contain numerous sandstone reservoirs. Such submarine “avalanches” transport sediments over hundreds of kilometers into the deep ocean plain, where they are deposited in large lobe-shaped expanses.

E x p E r t i s E

Mapping complex geologies

6

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

The challenging constraints of the deepwater context coupled with the high cost of the related infrastructure call for ever-greater optimization of production. Total deploys a variety of development schemes designed to ensure high well productivityandefficienttransportofthefluidstothesurface.

T o be economically viable, deep-water developmentsrequirefine-tunedmanage-ment of drilling operations, due to their

extremely high cost.The number of wells must therefore be kept to a minimum while achieving maximum productivity – up to 40,000 barrels/day (b/d) – in each one.To optimize recovery from the reservoirs, drilling long horizontal (or sharply deviated) wells is im-perative. Well path design and drilling operations are crucial and demand extensive integration of geological and drilling expertise. Sismage™ makes such integration possible. This seismic interpretation tool developed in-house by Total is unmatched in the world. Its performance is enhanced by its additional modules, Well Design (which designs and checks the technical feasi-bility of well trajectories) and Geosteering (for real-time optimization of borehole trajectories according to the geological layers encountered).

flOW assurance Keepingthefluidsflowingisoneofthemostcri-tical challenges of the deepwater context, where

low temperatures, high pressures, and poorly consolidated reservoirs can all lead to blockages in production lines. Tofindsolutions,Totalhasdevelopedaveritablecenter of excellence that pools the complemen-tary expertise of physicists, chemists and equip-ment designers. Innovations that have come out of this collaborative effort include Leda Flow™, anewcalculationcodeformultiphaseflows;andhydrate prevention solutions such as Spaceloft™, a new-generation insulating material originally developed for astronauts’ spacesuits.

enhancing The perfOrmance Of flOaTing prOducTiOn vessels The FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Of-floading) concept was developed for deepwatersites distant from existing export networks. These floatersareequippedonboardwithallthefacilitiesrequired for operations such as processing, sto-rage and export of the production. For the past ten years, Total has contributed to the continual design optimization of these giants to improve their operationalflexibilityandmechanicalstrength

Pazflor’s sprawling subsea production and injection network comprises almost 260 km of pipelines and umbilicals.

Focus

Latest-generation drillships

The drilling rigs used for deepwater development are actually large ships with the capacity to bear the weight of very long risers. The most recent drillships can work in water depths of more than 3,000 meters. Moreover, the new-generation vessels are generally equipped with a double derrick, which cuts drilling time by 10 to 20% depending on the phase of operations.

The Pride Africa and Pride Angola, built in 1999 and 2000 respectively, were the first drillships that Total deployed to Angola’s deepwater zone. In 2010, these two vessels received additional support from the Saipem 12000.

Milestones

Usan FPSO float-out ceremony in Ulsan, South Korea.

Gigantic production installations

The FPSO vessels that Total operates in the Gulf of Guinea are among the largest in the world:

•The hull can be more than 300 m long and 60 m wide, and contains immense oil storage tanks (and other equipment), with capacity on the order of 2 Mb.

•Their decks support hundreds of tons of topsides: operational systems and living quarters for the per-sonnel;

•They have production capacity of up to 240,000 b/d.

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

E x p E r t i s E

Optimizing production

7

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

Protecting ecosystems effectively from any potential impacts of production operations requires an awareness of the species involved. For this reason, Total is involved in study programs dedicated to advancing knowledge of abyssal life.

W hat types of species inhabit the ocean deeps? In the late 1990s, no one yet could answer that question. Total

played a role in discovering these life forms via the BioZaire study project launched in partnership with the French oceanographic research institu-te Ifremer in 1999. This project was dedicated to abyssal (or “benthic”) ecosystems off the coast of Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo).The study has continued based on data gathered in 2008 by the environmental component of the ERIG 3D (Evaluation of Risks and Geohazards in 3D) project carried out in the vicinity of the Usan site (Nigeria). Here, the aims are to broaden the inventory of benthic fauna and characterize the geology and geochemical nature of the habitats of this zone.

The laTesT in envirOnmenTal mOniTOring Total complies with the most stringent internatio-nal regulations and innovates to keep close track of the environmental performance of its offshore

operations. In June 2010, the Group undertook a large-scale environmental monitoring campai-gn off the coast of the Republic of the Congo to assess the effectiveness of various innovative means of evaluating deep-sea status:•analysis of foraminifers, microorganisms (10 to

500 µm) that inhabit the sediments of all marine environments;

•passive sensors designed to detect target subs-tancesevenatverylowconcentrations;

•biomarkers, as indicators of the toxic effects of oneormorecontaminants;

•ecotoxicology testing by tracking the develop-ment of oyster larvae cultivated in sediment ta-ken from the site.

By conducting a baseline inventory of all envi-ronmental parameters before beginning work on any project, Total is determined to ensure optimal protection of the biodiversity near its operating facilities. This effort remains consistent from the start of drilling through the complete dismantling of the production facilities

Aerial view of the platforms used during the N’Kossa (Congo) monitoring campaign.

Milestones

Life in the ocean deeps

Beneath more than 3,000 meters of water, abundant species diversity thrives in subsea “oases” vast fields of yellow and white bivalves; “bushes” of giant tu-beworms more than 2 m tall harboring clouds of white shrimps; tentacular sea anemones; purple holothu-rians, and more.At these depths, there is no light and therefore no pho-tosynthesis; temperatures are around 4°C and hydrosta-tic pressure can be as high as 400 bar. In this environ-ment, life depends on the cold, methane-laden natural fluids that erupt from the sea floor.

E x p E r t i s E

Preserving marine biodiversityOptimizing production

8

i n n o v a t i o n a n D p E r f o r m a n c E

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

Sustainable production of all types of reservoir

a lthough the major technological barriers to deepwater development have now been overcome, its cost is still of an entirely different order from that of conventional offshore production. Innovation remains the key to optimizing

project economics as well as to permitting cost-effective development of smaller accumulations or reservoirs contai-ningmoredifficultoils.Innovationisalsovitalforincreasingtherecoveryfactorsofdeepoffshorereservoirsandforextending the service life of facilities and ensuring their long-term reliability.

These economic imperatives go hand in hand with Total’s determined commitment to develop deepwater resources responsibly by managing risks and limiting the environmental footprint of its developments.

In Nigeria, Akpo’s specific development scheme allows for the recovery of gas-rich condensates.

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

9

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

The main challenge ahead for deepwater development is producing small, isolated accumulations that are sometimes far from the coast. Total’s R&D teams are currently evaluating several possible solutions to accommodate subsea transport distances of 100 kilometers or more, safely and cost-effectively.

T he key to deepwater production is mas-tering multiphase transport in low-tempe-rature, high-pressure conditions. Despite

the proven effectiveness of the conventional “pro-ductionloop”configurationwiththermalinsulation of the pipelines, its scope of application remains limited to a radius of about twenty kilometers around the production facilities.For longer distances, other concepts are being evaluated: •hybrid loop: this solution can accommodate

longer tie-back distances than a conventional productionloop,andislesscostly;

•heating: a pipe-in-pipe production line is heated by electric trace heating or by circulating heated water. Although this concept is applicable regar-dlessofdistanceordepth,itsenergyefficiencyispoor;

•gas/liquids separation at the riser base: this technological innovation designed espe-cially to improve recovery of highly viscous oils

makes subsea transport feasible over very long distances;

•cold export technology: this is the most eco-nomical but also the most dar-ing solution. It overcomes all thermal constraints and is limited neither by distance nor by depth.

develOping deepWaTer gas fieldsMany gas deposits are located hundreds of kilo-meters from shore. Subsea gas production and transport over such ong distances quickly runs up against the hurdle of gas’s rapid cooling in sub-sea pipelines. Subsea processing technologies will prove indispensable for developing these re-sources economically.Of the various possible development layouts un-der study, two look especially promising: subsea-to-shore, which consists of exporting production directly to land, and subsea-to-pipe, which ties the production into an existing export system. Both options entail very long subsea pipelines

gas/liquids separaTiOn aT The riser base

In this concept, a single production line (green line) is paired with a gas/liquids separation step carried out at the riser base. The gas rises naturally to the surface facilities (red lines) while the liquids are boosted by hybrid pumps. Line preservation is provided by depressurizing the production line via the separator and the gas lines.

An example of subsea-to-shore configuration.

Focus

Qualifying electric trace heating

After weighing the various heating options, Total decided to go with electric trace heating. This techno-logy entails winding electric cables between the two pipes of an insulated pipe-in-pipe line. The Group will be the first to test this solution on part of the subsea gas production system linking the new Islay gas field development in the British North Sea to the subsea gas gathering network already deployed by Total over this area. The qualification phase, carried out under 110 m of water, is expected to be followed by a subsequent deployment in deeper water.

Cold export

Removing most of the water from the hydrocarbons at the wellhead should prevent the formation of large blocks of hydrates. Any hydrates that do form in the production line due to the residual water content will be in the form of small crystals compatible with transport. In addition to being highly economical, this solution will enhance recovery by pairing separation with pumping.

i n n o v a t i o n a n D p E r f o r m a n c E

Solutions for long distances

10

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

Higher recovery factors and the development of subsea pumping technologies to allow economically viable production ofdifficultoilsarecrucialforoptimizingdeepoffshoreproduction.

T otal has acquired solid expertise in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR).Spearheading the development of these

technologies,theGroupisachievingaworldfirstwithapilotinstallationtotestpolymer-viscosifiedwaterflooding in the deepwater context. Thischemical EOR process is designed to enhance the injection water’s “piston” effect on the oil and thus optimize the sweep action in the reservoir.Another strategy for increasing oil recovery is to limit water production, which rises naturally over the producing life of the well. Total is studying an innovative layout based on liquid-liquid separation at the riser base coupled with reinjection of the water into the reservoir. This subsea processing system reduces the quantity of water to be treated aboard the FPSO vessel and improves the reco-veryfactoronmatureoilfields.

arTificial lifTThe Pazflor project inAngola deploys completeartificial lift systems on the seabed combininggas/ liquids separation and pumping modules, on the scale of several reservoirs. This achievement marks a major step forward in the emergence of subseaprocessing.ThePazfloroilisbothviscousandheavyandthusrequiresartificiallifttoreachthe surface. The liquids (oil + water) are boosted by innovative hybrid pumps that combine multi-phase and centrifugal pump technologies.

The Trend TOWard all-elecTricTotal is also studying opportunities for more widespread use of all-electric controls. These offer decisive advantages over hydraulic controls in terms of reliability, speed and environmental safety

The skid-mounted polymer production and injection pilot on the deck of the Dalia FPSO.

The “all-electric” wellhead on the Total-operated K5F project in the North Sea.

Focus

The advantages of separation

In addition to improving oil recovery, subsea separa-tion/artificial lift technology lowers the costs of develo-pment significantly:

• elimination of one production loop whose purpose is to prevent hydrate formation in the pipes, since the gas/liquid separation step “automatically” ensures line preservation downstream of the separator;

• overall reduction in the electric power requirements onboard the FPSO;

• optimization of well siting, which is no longer constrained by the location of manifolds to collect production from well clusters as in a production loop layout.

Pazflor, pioneering the use of complete boosting systems on the sea floor.

Milestones

The world’s first deepwater pilot for polymer-viscosified waterflooding

Total is addressing the challenge of polymer-viscosified waterflooding on Dalia (Angola).

Initiated in 2003, three years before the field came onstream, the project illustrates an important aspect of Total’s EOR strategy: these technologies are not confined to mature oilfields, but have a role to play in new developments as well.

Upon completion of injectivity tests of polymer-viscosified water in 2009, the field pilot was installed on three water injection wells on Camelia, one of the four Dalia reservoirs. If results are on par with expectations, injections of polymer-viscosified water will be deployed to the entire Dalia field by around 2015, targeting an 8% increase in reserves over fifteen years.

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

i n n o v a t i o n a n D p E r f o r m a n c E

Improving recovery and producing difficult oils

11

D e e p o f f s h o r e l E x p l o r a t i o n & P r o d u c t i o n l N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1

Now is the time to prepare for tomorrow’s aging deepwater facilities. Reinforcing the safety and reliability of subsea systems will depend on careful monitoring and the development of more effective inspection and repair solutions.

T he planned expansion of Total’s deep offshore operations will mean more subsea installations and more subsea processing

equipment.Whether already onstream or still on the drawing board,thesefieldsarelocatedininhospitableen-vironments and are designed to produce for twen-ty years or more. With time, they will require more and more frequent interventions, bearing in mind that any failure will require costly resources and may result in detrimental production shutdowns.To address these challenges, Total has already mobilized the IMR (Inspection, Maintenance, Repair) experts of its deep offshore teams. The stakes are enormous: their job is to develop tools to optimize the operability, reliability and safety of tomorrow’smaturefields.One of these, an innovative IMR tool called SWIMMER (for Subsea Works Inspection and Maintenance with Minimum Environment ROV), is a significant step forward. It is based on anAutonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) which contains its own Remotely-Operated Vehicle (ROV), and is designed to spend up to three

monthsontheseafloor.TheAUVhasarangeof50 km. It is equipped with cameras, measurement instruments and a real-time interface to exchange data with the FPSO and intervene quickly when needed. SWIMMER optimizes the monitoring of infrastructure, which is carried out continuously. It also allows for prompt intervention when nee-ded, and can translate to a substantial reduction in operating costs because it does not depend on a dedicated support vessel.

Keeping WaTch On subsea sysTems The integrity of subsea pipelines and other equip-ment is the key to safe, reliable deepwater deve-lopments. Total is currently testing an innovative system for continuouslymonitoring flexible riserintegrity. This subC-racs (for Riser Annulus Condi-tion Surveillance) system detects any anomaly in theflexibleriserannulusthatisliable–soonerorlater – to lead to a line rupture. Additional R&D programs are under way to develop other effective inspection and repair tools designed specificallyfor pipes laid on the seabed

In the SWIMMER system, monitoring and maintenance operations are supervised from the surface and performed entirely under water by ROV.

Milestones

Mitigating the risks of the ocean deeps

Avalanches, landslides, faults, and craters are just some of the dangers lurking on the ocean floor. With ERIG 3D, a study cruise conducted in partnership with Ifremer in 2008 in three sections of Nigeria’s deepwater domain, Total reached a major milestone in the quest to identify, characterize and quantify these “geohazards.”

The area surrounding the Usan development features a high concentration of these geologic trouble spots: pock-marks (craters formed by cold fluid expulsion), faults, a 550-meter-high dome and traces left by recent channels all have the potential to cause instability and can the-refore jeopardize the integrity of subsea infrastructure.

A state-of-the-art geotechnical analysis was deployed to evaluate the distribution of these risks at the surface as well as beneath a 100-meter-thick sediment layer. Based on its findings, the location initially planned for the Usan FPSO was modified to avoid a hydrate gas zone with its associated risk of creep, hidden under a 30-meter thic-kness of sediments.

i n n o v a t i o n a n D p E r f o r m a n c E

Managing aging oil fields and mitigating the risks Improving recovery and producing difficult oils

Desig

n an

d co

ncep

tion:

Dixx

it | P

hoto

cre

dits

: Th.

Cro

n, M

. Duf

our,

Th. G

onza

lez,

L. L

emair

e, P

. Live

rmor

e, P

. Mar

ie, L

. Pas

cal,

O. R

obin

et, M

. Rou

ssel

, D.R

., To

tal |

Info

grap

hic:

FM

C Te

chno

logi

es, T

echn

ique

s Ef

fect

s, J.

-P. D

onno

t, Di

xxit

| Map

ping

: IDÉ

| ©

TOT

AL N

ovem

ber 2

011.

Cer

tified

pap

er

See you on

www.total.com

TOTAL S.A.Capital stock: 5,874,102,327.50 euros542 051 180 RCS Nanterre

Exploration & Production – ParisTel.: +33 (0)1 47 44 45 462, place Jean Millier – La Défense 692078 Paris La Défense Cedex – France

Exploration & Production – PauTel.: +33 (0)5 59 83 40 00Avenue Larribau – 64018 Pau Cedex – France