Total ForceTotal Force

Writing Assignment Feedback

• Overall very good…..no “Cs”

• “Answer the Mail”

• Attention to detail: Dates, Typos

Samples of Behavior

• Define each Reserve category

• ID the categories that make up the Ready Reserves

• State the chains of command for AF Res & ANG

• ID the four categories of Reserve accessibility

• State the 6 times (1947-99) that ANG forces have been mobilized

Total ForceTotal Force HistoryHistory Force ModernizationForce Modernization Cost EffectivenessCost Effectiveness

Reserve CategoriesReserve Categories Ready ReserveReady Reserve Standby ReserveStandby Reserve Retired ReserveRetired Reserve

Structure and OrganizationStructure and Organization Force ContributionsForce Contributions AccessibilityAccessibility

HISTORY

1653, Oliver Cromwell overthrows 1653, Oliver Cromwell overthrows British ParliamentBritish Parliament

Legitimate need for national defenseLegitimate need for national defense– Who should rise up if we have no standing Who should rise up if we have no standing

army?army?

The militia created 1780sThe militia created 1780s– (which grew into the National Guard and (which grew into the National Guard and

the Reserve Forces)the Reserve Forces)

Total ForceEvolved as official policy in Evolved as official policy in 1970s1970s

– Aug 1970 -- The Total Force Concept was announced by Secretary of Defense Laird

– Aug 1973 -- SECDEF James Schlesinger elevated the Total Force Concept to the Total Force Policy

ObjectiveObjective: : – integrateintegrate Active and Reserve forces Active and Reserve forces

– in the most in the most cost-effectivecost-effective manner possible manner possible

– maintain maintain as small an active peacetime forceas small an active peacetime force as commitments permit.as commitments permit.

• Very cost effective…Very cost effective…

Improved the equipment to state of the Improved the equipment to state of the art during the 1980sart during the 1980s

– ““First to deploy, first to be equipped.” First to deploy, first to be equipped.” - DOD 1225.6- DOD 1225.6

Total ForceForce Modernization

Provides Provides 50%50% of total of total US military forceUS military force

Only consumes Only consumes 8.3 %8.3 % of DoD budgetof DoD budget**

Total ForceTotal ForceCost Effectiveness for the DODCost Effectiveness for the DOD

*Annual Defense Report 2000*Annual Defense Report 2000

Cost Effectiveness AFR

Total Air Force BudgetTotal Air Force Budget

Reserve Budget 4%Reserve Budget 4%

Air Force Combat CapabilityAir Force Combat Capability

Supplied by Reserve 20%Supplied by Reserve 20%

Cost Effectiveness ANG

Total Air Force BudgetTotal Air Force Budget

ANG Budget 7%ANG Budget 7%

Air Force Combat CapabilityAir Force Combat Capability

Supplied by ANG 14%Supplied by ANG 14%

Other cost-saving benefits Other cost-saving benefits (for the Air Force)(for the Air Force)

– No paid leave No paid leave

– No family health careNo family health care

– Smaller Retirement fund Smaller Retirement fund contributions contributions

Cost Efficiency

Total ForceTotal ForceReserve CategoriesReserve Categories

Structure and OrganizationStructure and OrganizationForce ContributionsForce ContributionsAccessibilityAccessibility

Reserve Categories

Ready Reserve – Combat ready; deploy Ready Reserve – Combat ready; deploy in 72 hoursin 72 hours– Selected Reserve

– Individual Ready ReserveStandby ReserveStandby ReserveRetired ReserveRetired Reserve

Selected Reserve

Units and individuals designated as Units and individuals designated as essential essential to wartime missionsto wartime missions

– Have priority for training, equipment, and Have priority for training, equipment, and personnel personnel

Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs)Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs)

– Not attached to an organized Reserve unitNot attached to an organized Reserve unit

– Assigned to Assigned to active dutyactive duty components components

* Selected Reserve part of Ready Reserve

Individual Ready ReserveIndividual Ready Reserve

Pool of pre-trained individualsPool of pre-trained individuals who: who:– Served in Active units or Selected Reserve Served in Active units or Selected Reserve

– Have military service obligation (MSO) Have military service obligation (MSO) remainingremaining

Eligible for involuntary service Eligible for involuntary service

* Individual Ready Reserve part of Ready Reserve

Standby ReserveStandby Reserve

Personnel who are Personnel who are not required to trainnot required to train and are and are

not assigned to unitsnot assigned to units. .

– Reservists whose civilian jobs are key to national

defense

– Includes people who may have left active duty

due to hardships

Retired ReserveRetired Reserve

Personnel who receive retired pay Personnel who receive retired pay (AD/Reserve) or are placed in (AD/Reserve) or are placed in retirement status but have not yet retirement status but have not yet reached reached age 60age 60

All may be recalled to active duty by All may be recalled to active duty by the the appropriate Service Secretaryappropriate Service Secretary

TOTALSAF Reserve Manpower

AFRC Mission Brief Apr 2001

70%

17%

13%IRRSelected

Reserves

Retired/Standby

Associate Program Advantages: Associate Program Advantages:

– Mixture of active duty/Reserve crewsMixture of active duty/Reserve crews– Share flying and maintenance Share flying and maintenance

responsibilitiesresponsibilities– Increases surge capabilityIncreases surge capability– Growth potential to expand Reserve Growth potential to expand Reserve

missionmission

Associate ProgramAssociate Program

TOTAL FORCETOTAL FORCE

Total ForceTotal ForceReserve CategoriesReserve CategoriesStructure and OrganizationStructure and OrganizationForce ContributionsForce ContributionsAccessibilityAccessibility

To provide ready units to the state and nation in three roles:

Federal Role: To support national security objectives

State Role: To protect life and property, and to preserve peace,order, and public safety

Community Role: To participate in local, state, and national programs that add value to America

Air NationalAir National GuardGuard

StateState– Protect Life and PropertyProtect Life and Property– Peace and OrderPeace and Order– Civil DefenseCivil Defense

FederalFederal– Support USAF MissionsSupport USAF Missions– Train for WartimeTrain for Wartime

Air National GuardAir National GuardDual MissionDual Mission

Air NationalAir National GuardGuard

State Army Units State Air Units

State Adjutant General

Secretary of the A ir Force

C hief o f S taff,A ir Force

Secretary o f the A rm y

C hief o f S taff,A rm y

StateGovernor

Drill Status (Traditional) Drill Status (Traditional) GuardsmenGuardsmen– 69% of force69% of force– Enlist for 6 yearsEnlist for 6 years– One unit training assembly (UTA) a One unit training assembly (UTA) a

monthmonth– 15 days annual training15 days annual training

National Guard PersonnelNational Guard Personnel

National Guard PersonnelNational Guard Personnel

Full time GuardsmenFull time Guardsmen – 31% of total Guard force31% of total Guard force– Air TechniciansAir Technicians

Full-time Civil Service employeesFull-time Civil Service employees

– Active (Duty) Guard personnelActive (Duty) Guard personnel Same areas as Technicians, but full benefitsSame areas as Technicians, but full benefits

– Active Duty Component personnelActive Duty Component personnel AF personnel assigned to Guard units (advisors)AF personnel assigned to Guard units (advisors)

– Active Duty for TrainingActive Duty for Training Traditional Guardsmen temporarily on AD for trainingTraditional Guardsmen temporarily on AD for training

Maintain in a constant state of readinessMaintain in a constant state of readinessUSAFR units and individualsUSAFR units and individualsand the systems and servicesand the systems and servicesrequired to perform their assigned mission required to perform their assigned mission in support of US national objectives.in support of US national objectives.

Air Force Air Force Reserve MissionReserve Mission

Air Force Reserves

Air Reserve Personnel CenterDenver. CO (FOA)

4th Air ForceMarch AFB, CA

10th Air ForceFt Worth, TX

22d Air ForceDobbins ARB, GA

CommanderAir Force Reserve Command

Chief of Staff, Air Force

Secretary of the Air Force

TOTALSAFRC Manpower

AFRC Mission Brief Apr 2001

81%

12%7%

CiviliansAir ReserveTechnicians

Regular Reservists

Provides Provides 50%50% of total US of total US military forcemilitary force

Only consumes Only consumes 8.3 %8.3 % of DoD of DoD budgetbudget**

Missions have increased to a Missions have increased to a steady state of 12-13 million steady state of 12-13 million man-days in each of last 3 yearsman-days in each of last 3 years

Total ForceTotal Force

*Annual Defense Report 2000*Annual Defense Report 2000

Total ForceTotal ForceReserve CategoriesReserve CategoriesStructure and OrganizationStructure and OrganizationForce ContributionsForce ContributionsAccessibilityAccessibility

Satellite Space OperationsSatellite Space Operations

93%

7% 0%

Active Duty

AFRAFR

ANGANG

HQ AFRC/XP Jan 2000

BombersBombers

82%

6% 12%

Active Duty

AFRAFR ANGANG

Ex: B-1, B-52, B-2Ex: B-1, B-52, B-2USAF Almanac 2000

Fighters

66%

4%

30%

Active Duty

ANGANG

AFRAFR

Ex: F-15, F-16, OA-10, A-10, F-22, F117 Ex: F-15, F-16, OA-10, A-10, F-22, F117 USAF Almanac 2000

Strategic AirliftStrategic Airlift

66%23%

11%

Active Duty

ANGANG

AFRAFR

Ex: C-5, C-141, C-17Ex: C-5, C-141, C-17Airman Book 2001

Tankers

50%

13%

37%

ANGANG

Active Duty

AFRAFR

Ex: KC-10, KC-135, HC-130Ex: KC-10, KC-135, HC-130

USAF Almanac 2000

RescueRescue

45%

29%

26%

Active Duty

AFRAFR ANGANG

Ex: HC-130, HH-60Ex: HC-130, HH-60HQ AFRC/XP Jan 2000

Theater AirliftTheater Airlift

40%18%

42%ANGANG

AFRAFR

Active DutyActive Duty

Ex: C-130, C-17 Ex: C-130, C-17

USAF Almanac 2000

Air Defense

100%ANGANG

Examples: F-15, F-16Airman Book 2001

Weather Recon

100%

AFRAFR

Ex: WC-130

HQ AFRC/XP Jan 2000

TOTAL FORCETOTAL FORCE

Total ForceTotal ForceReserve CategoriesReserve CategoriesStructure and OrganizationStructure and OrganizationForce ContributionsForce ContributionsAccessibilityAccessibility

AccessibilityAccessibility

Full mobilizationFull mobilizationPartial mobilizationPartial mobilizationPresidential Selected Reserve Presidential Selected Reserve

Call-UpCall-UpVolunteersVolunteers

Full MobilizationFull Mobilization

Gives access to the full Ready Gives access to the full Ready ReserveReserve

Requires a declaration of war or Requires a declaration of war or national emergency by national emergency by CongressCongress

Duration of Conflict plus 6 monthsDuration of Conflict plus 6 months

Partial MobilizationPartial Mobilization

1,000,000 members of the Ready 1,000,000 members of the Ready ReserveReserve– Up to 24 monthsUp to 24 months

PresidentPresident mustmust declare a national declare a national emergencyemergency

Presidential Presidential Selected Reserve Selected Reserve

Call-UpCall-Up

Up to 200,000 personnelUp to 200,000 personnel– Up to 270 daysUp to 270 days

President must notify President must notify CongressCongress

Provide the majority of Provide the majority of personnel in times of war and personnel in times of war and peacepeace

VolunteersVolunteers

Increasing Tempo

077077

1953-1953-19901990

(38 (38 YEARS)YEARS)

1991-20001991-2000

(10 YEARS)(10 YEARS)

60/60/3838

10/10/1010

*For *For AFR/AFR/ANGANG

Work = 221 DaysWork = 221 DaysPlay = 144 DaysPlay = 144 Days

•VacationVacation•Sick LeaveSick Leave•WeekendsWeekends•HolidaysHolidays

144144 221221

A Balanced LifestyleA Balanced LifestyleTypical CivilianTypical Civilian

058058

Work = 221 DaysWork = 221 Days

Play = 84 DaysPlay = 84 Days8484

281281

Reservists Support CommitmentsReservists Support Commitments

Support = 60 DaysSupport = 60 Days059059

Work = 221 DaysWork = 221 Days

Play = 21 DaysPlay = 21 Days2121

344344

Aircrew CommitmentsAircrew Commitments

Aircrew = 123 DaysAircrew = 123 Days060060

Reserve CategoriesReserve Categories– Ready ReservesReady Reserves– StandbyStandby– RetiredRetired

Chain of CommandChain of Command– ANG vs AFRCANG vs AFRC

AccessibilityAccessibility– Full/Partial MobilizationFull/Partial Mobilization– Presidential Selected Reserve Call-upPresidential Selected Reserve Call-up– VolunteersVolunteers

Points to Remember...Points to Remember...

““We need to shift away from the Cold We need to shift away from the Cold War stance of having the War stance of having the active duty active duty do the operational missionsdo the operational missions and and have have the Reserves just do training.the Reserves just do training.” ”

Vice Admiral David Frost Vice Admiral David Frost

former Deputy Commander former Deputy Commander

US SPACE COMMANDUS SPACE COMMAND

Air Force TeamAir Force Team

Active DutyActive Duty

Air ForceAir ForceAir ForceAir Force

ReserveReserveAir NationalAir National

GuardGuard

Global Vigilance, Reach & PowerGlobal Vigilance, Reach & Power