Historical Background of

Transportation

TRAIN

19th and 20th centuries

Trains stimulated travel within the United

States of America, Canada, and Europe

1841 – Britain had its first organized train

tour when Thomas Cook organized

excursion between Leicester and

Loughborough

1851 – three million Englishmen boarded the

train to see the Great Exhibition in London

TRAIN

The train was instrumental in stimulating the development of many seaside resorts in Britain

1869 – The first transcontinental route in the United States was completed

Latter part of 1800’s and first part of the 1900’s , the train connected major population and popular spas and resort such as Niagara Falls, Long Beach, Saratoga, New Jersey and Las Vegas

Amtrak Train

TRAIN

1863 – long distance rail travel boosted

when George M. Pullman built Pullman

coach, a luxury first class sleeping and

dining facility

In an effort to save the railroad

industry, the Rail Passenger Service

Act became a law in October 1970

TRAIN

The act created the National Railroad

Passenger Corporation, now commonly

known as Amtrak, began its operations

in May 1971

Canada’s equivalent of Amtrak, Via Rail

Canada was created in 1977

Train travel has continued in Europe

and Asia more than in the US,

particularly long – distance travel

TRAIN

The Euro City network (formerly the

Trans Europe Express – TEE ) as well

as other national lines provided

excellent rail service between major

cities in ten countries.

Travel between Europe will be further

improved with the development and

construction of the Eurotunnel between

England and the continent

Eurotunnel

Eurotunnel

offers the

fastest route to

France,

crossing from

Folkestone to

Calais in just

35 minutes.

TRAIN

The first sensational rail accomplishment after World War II was Japan’s shinkansen or bullet trains which travel at speeds greater than 140 miles per hour

These began operations in 1964 in time for the Olympics in Japan

At the present time Japan has the best railroad system in the world, with 26,000 fast and efficient trains scheduled a day

Japan's N700 Bullet Train

TRAIN

France has its own supertrain, the Tres Grande Vitesse which travels at a speed of 175 miles per hour between Paris and Lyons and Paris and Marseilles

In Russia, the Trans Siberian Railroad, the longest in the world (5,787 miles) links outlying Siberian industrial regions and mining centers with European - Russia

TRAIN

In 1939, a number of European

countries introduced the Eurailpass

which allowed a traveler to use it for

two months of unlimited second- class

travel on any of the rail systems of

these countries.

MTR Disneyland Resort Line

Travel on the railway network of MTR

and interchange for the Disneyland

Resort Line at Sunny Bay Station.

– Only 23 minutes from the Hong Kong

International Airport, MTR Airport

station,

– 30 minutes from MTR Kowloon station

and

– 33 minutes from MTR Hong Kong

station

SHIP

The steamship era began in 1840 when

Sir Samuel Cunard pioneered the first

transatlantic – schedule liner trips

In the late 1960’s the era of travel by

ships expired because of the

introduction of the jet aircraft.

Cruise ships took the place of

regularly-scheduled passenger ships

Sir Samuel Cunard, 1st

Baronet (21 November

1787 – 28 April 1865) was a

Canadian-born British

shipping magnate

http://www.cunard.com/OurShips/default.asp?Ship=QE2&main=acc&sub=qgr

SHIP

The cruise industry is largely owned by

European companies which are located

in Denmark, Norway, Holland , Italy,

Germany, Great Britain and Greece

Another role of the ship travel and

tourism is ferrying or the use of ferry

boats

7,107 Islands Cruise

ECO Cultural Tourism (ECT) Islands

has launched a 7,107 Islands Cruise

covering the Philippine tourism

triangle of Palawan, Boracay and

Puerto Galera.

Holland America Line

AUTOMOBILE

The real inventor of the automobile was

Carl Benz, of Mannheim, Germany.

1885 – 1886 – he combined the bicycle

and the international –combustion

engine and designed the complete

vehicle consisting of the engine,

chassis and transmission

1908 - Henry Ford, produced his Model

T car

Carl Benz

Henry Ford

AUTOMOBILE

The growth of car ownership necessitated road improvements

The United States federal government participated in the construction and maintenance of roads when it passed an act in 1916, matching state appropriations for new roads

It was climaxed by the interstate act in 1949 which allowed traveler to move coast to coast, border to border

AUTOMOBILE

1940- the first turnpike was built in

Pennsylvania

1930’s – German constructed their

network of autobannen, these four-lane

divided highways were the world’s first

high speed roads

The automobile stimulated tourism by

creating attractions along tourist routes

made accessible by the automobile

A New Jersey Turnpike Toll Gate for

Exit 8A in Monroe Township, NJ

AUTOMOBILE

Two important aspects of automobile

travel are recreational vehicles and car

rentals

1918 - Car rental industry began when a

Chicago Ford dealer started to rent

secondhand motel T’s

1924 – the company was bought by

John D. Hertz, the founder of yellow

Cab Company

AUTOMOBILE

1946 – Avis, the biggest competitor of

Hertz was founded by a retired US Air

Force officer, Warren E. Avis

Avis specialized in airport rental

locations

1948 – Avis started downtown rental

locations

It was during the same period that

National Car Rental was organized

AUTOMOBILE

Four companies that dominated the US

market : Hertz, Avis, Budget and

National

Other companies: Alamo, Dollar, Thrifty

and General

1960’s and early 1970’s can be

attributed to the introduction of

fly/drive concept

BUS/MOTORCOACH

Bus travel is the most flexible and economical form of transportation.

1900’s – in the United States, buses were first used to carry passengers intercity

1928 – Greyhound Company , the largest privately owned bus company in the world , was established

BUS/MOTORCOACH

Bus performs two major roles:

1. to provide a regular schedule of intercity passenger transportation services

2. to provide charter and tour services

Charter and tour service is the fastest growing segment of the bus or motor coach industry

BUS/MOTORCOACH

The increasing demand for

motorcoach tours, coupled with the

improvement of buses could result in

the future expansion of the bus

charter and tour segment of tourism

AIR

The history of air transportation can

be divided into three parts – pre

World War II, World II, and post

World War II

December 17, 1903 - Wright Brothers

took a flight on a beach in North

Carolina which lasted 12 seconds

with a distance of 120 feet

AIR

1927 – the air industry developed

regularly scheduled passenger trips

between Boston and New York

In the United States, almost all early

airlines started by carrying mail for

the post office – one of the first was

Varney , which later became United

Airlines

AIR

Western Airlines - began its

passenger service on April 17, 1926

Pan American Airways had the first

international flight in 1927 when it

carried mail from Key West, Florida

to Havana, Cuba

AIR

World War II influenced the airline

industry - further improve airplanes

by accelerating technological

research to improve their size and

speed

Timesaving aspects and cost

effectiveness – aided the growth of

the airline industry

AIR

Late 1950’s and early 1960’s – commercial

jet aircraft were introduced increasing the

speed of travel, creating smoother flights

and greater seating capacity

1970’s – introduction of wide – bodied

aircrafts such as Douglas DC 10 , Boeing

747 , the Lockheed Tristar 1011 and the

European Aerobus

AIR

1980’s – further improvement with

the introduction of the Dc 9 – 80 and

Boeing 757 and 767 designed for fuel

operation

Boeing 747 – 400 which will have

range of 8,000 miles and seating

capacity of 418

AIR

Boeing

McDonell Douglas

Lockheed

Airbus

AIR

The factors associated with the recent

boom in air travel include:

1. world economy

2. rising standard of living

3. quality of air service

Introduction of charter services

Freddie Laker, a British entrepreneur

introduced a London – New York route