TOURISM IN TANZANIA

DISPARITIES IN DEVELOPMENT TOURIST AND NON TOURIST AREAS

WHAT IS TANZANIA’S TOURIST INDUSTRY?

SOME FACTS:• Every year over 600,000 visitors arrive.• 150,000 Tanzanians are employed in the

industry.• Accounts for 16% of GDP.• Safari’s account for 80% of tourist activities –

with 12 national parks (25% of Tanzania’s land is protected).

• Income rose from US$65 million in 1990 to $750 million in 2002.

• Domestic tourism is increasing slowly.• Arusha, Dar Es Salaam and Zanzibar are the

most common destinations for Tourists.

What are the attractions?

Both natural ….

Tropical beaches along the coast.

Wildlife in the national parks.Hot air ballooning over the Serengeti National Park.

What are the attractions?

And to a lesser extent cultural…

Maasai are a popular attraction for tourists

Architecture is a popular attraction in the coastal urban centres. Modern and historic mosques make great photos.

Tourism and people…

There are some disparities found between tourist and non-tourist areas. These disparities are not as obvious as others… however, as the tourism industry grows, so to will the disparities.

CASE STUDY AREAS ARE:

TOURIST AREAS =Arusha (gateway town to national

Parks) and Zanzibar Island.NON TOURIST AREAS =

Kigoma and Shinyanga(rural, isolated farming areas) Can you find

these areas on the map?

What disparities can we see?

KIGOMA (Chankele)

1 main dirt road

Houses mud and thatch

100 students per class

Dispensary has 1 nurse

1 hospital in region

No electricity – use wood

ARUSHA (Longido)

1 sealed road

Houses concrete and iron

50 students per class

Dispensary with 1 doctor and 2 nurses

Electricity and Phonelines in the village

LETS COMPARE A VILLAGE IN KIGOMA AND VILLAGE NEAR ARUSHA

Tourism is not the only reason for the disparities BUT it does increase/widen the differences… tourist

areas have advantages!

ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM:

• Tourist’s pay US$30 - $100 per day to visit parks. A portion of this funding is used to help nearby communities – to encourage them to support the conservation of wildlife.

• Schools, small hospitals are all being upgraded in the region using money from tourism.

Areas without national parks do not receive the same support.

ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM:

These programme are found in many villages in the Arusha area.

• Tourists pay a fee ($25 - $100) to visit villages and learn about their daily life – food preparation, medicines, crafts, housing, farming, etc.

• All proceeds go to the community and is used to build schools, improve water/sanitation facilities, run the dispensary, etc.

These classrooms at Londigo village were built with programme funds.

The guide shows tourists the homes of the local villagers.

ARUSHA HAS MANYCULTURAL TOURISM

PROGRAMMES…

ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM:

• Villages with the cultural tourism programme have a higher standard of living – access to more resources.

• However, places like KIGOMA/SHINYANGA do not have tourists as too isolated and therefore do not benefit from these cultural programmes.

This is a tourist shop near Arusha. This type of shop is not found in isolated rural

areas like Kigoma.

ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM:

INFRASTRUCTURE

Arusha’s roading network is much more developed than Kigoma’s.

Higher % of people in Arusha have access to power and phone facilities.

Roads in Arusha are being upgraded.

Power lines are found at even budget lodges in and around the national parks. Local residents can use the electricity grid.

ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM:

EMPLOYMENT

• Tertiary employment opportunities are available where tourists are found. This shopping centre (The Slipway) for tourists offers retail, restaurant, travel, transport jobs for over 300 people.

Kigoma/Shinyanga don’t have these employment opportunities.

This Maasai tourist market sells 100’s of handicraft everyday. Artists/carvers benefit from the relatively high prices paid by tourists.

DISADVANTAGES OF TOURISM:

Tourists do create some problems in Tanzania –

Tourists can affect the culture they interact with (e.g. Maasai now wanting western material goods such children eating sweets, but don’t use toothpaste = increased tooth decay). Competition for tourist money / jobs in major centres can cause conflict and jealously.The largest portion of tourism income is focused on improving tourism services – not the local community.Many of the tourism companies are owned by foreign owners, and profits don’t always stay in Tanzania.Reliance on industry makes it vulnerable (e.g. Terrorism - USA Embassy was bombed in Dar Es Salaam).

Ranking Kigoma and Arusha

• KIGOMA REGION

GDP per Capita = 2

Literacy rate = 4

Health status* = 4

Nutrition level = 15

• ARUSHA REGION

GDP per Capita = 18

Literacy rate = 15

Health status* = 17

Nutrition level = 14

In 1999 all 20 regions of Tanzania were ranked from most deprived (1) to least deprived (20) by the government. Here is where Arusha and Kigoma ranked.

What indicator does not fit the picture? Why would Kigoma’s nutrition level be high?

* = Infant mortality rate, Life expectancy and Death rate.

FINAL IMAGES –

Coastal villages on

Zanzibar Island are

popular with

visitors

A popular Safari attraction – the lion kill! Interesting signage – on more

than one level!

Wildlife in Tanzania is easy to view due to the wide open grassland spaces. This makes it popular with film crews and wildlife spotters.

Big and small, rare and abundant!

Only one Wildebeest on this Safari!