Toward Adaptive eBook

Mohammed Abdel-RazekDeanship of E-learning and Distance Education

King Abdulaziz Universityabdelram@gmail.com

Ahmad ElmodayanDeanship of E-learning and Distance Education

King Abdulaziz Universityamodayan@kau.edu.sa

Agenda

1. Introduction (from e-learning to ebook)2. Related Work3. Approach4. Implementation5. Experimentation 6. Conclusion7. References

Introduction- (from e-learning to ebook)

• Currently, the numbers of students accessing eBooks through Smartphones and Tablet PCs have continued to grow.

• the current eBook is in digital form and does not provide adaptive content.

• This paper presents the design and preliminary prototype of the adaptive eBook as well as a new adaptive presentation for portable electronic tactile displays.

• Anuradha showed that eBooks is the lack of user-friendliness of the interfaces.

A major part of this paper presents answers to questions such as the following: o How can we create eBook adaptive assets? o How can we use these assets for adaptation? o What is the effectiveness of this adaptation on

education? To overcome these, we are going to design the eBook

as separate layers with well-defined functionality. The built-in services in this framework are self-aware and capable of announcing themselves.

Introduction- (from e-learning to ebook)

التعلم االلكترونى

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Introduction- (from e-learning to ebook)

E-learning

From JISC elearning: http://www.elearning.ac.uk/features/whyped

History of Distance Learning

Mail Radio TV

SatellitePCInternet

Web Web 2.0 mlearning ebook

New technologies

E-book

Cloud learning

All in one

Learning Anywhere

Class Now

EBOOK FRAMEWORK

Intelligence methodology

EBOOK FRAMEWORK- Assets layer

This layer is responsible for organizing communication between the eBook and assets.

Picture rom http://dodollipret.wordpress.com/tag/scorm/

eBook Framework-Adaptation Layer

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EBOOK FRAMEWORK-USER INTERFACE LAYER

The User Interface is close to users and in charge of acquiring knowledge about them, such as their learning profiles and learning objectives. It allows users to navigate and browse the contents of the eBook.

The User Interface is close to users and in charge of acquiring knowledge about them, such as their learning profiles and learning objectives. It allows users to navigate and browse the contents of the eBook.

Experimentation and Results

• The purpose of this study is to investigate the students’ preferences on page and content design of eBooks, and to conduct a usability testing.

• An online survey is conducted, and 10 questionnaires are returned.

• The respondents are 22 males and 30 females (n=55), all of whom are undergraduate students.

Experimentation - Questionnaires

Q Criteria Preferences

Q1 Consistency of navigation 72%Q2 Ease of navigation 70%Q3 Cross referencing between table of

contents and contents81%

Q4 Bookmark, highlight and annotation functions 85%

Q5 Cross referencing between contents and index page 85%

Q6 Easy of learning how to use eBook 80%Q7 A user's ability to quickly accomplish tasks with ease and

without frustration.90%

Q8 How much a user enjoys using eBook 89%

Q9 Arrangement of media 75%

Results

Conclusion

1. The paper presents a framework for eBooks 2. The presented eBook is developed using HTML5 3. The eBook could be run on Android, iPhone, iPad device. 4. It presented the potential benefits of the eBook, such as adaptive

assets based on a user’s learning. A framework is being described for the proposed eBook interoperability.

5. The findings of the study conducted to test the navigation and usability of the proposed eBook reveals that the students prefer eBooks that provide ease of navigation with clear and detailed navigation structure.

6. They also prefer eBooks which are visually appealing and have clean and clear information and a nice page layout. In addition, the students prefer eBooks which are easy to use and where it is easy to learn its features.

References

• Anuradha K. T., and Usha H. S., (2005)“Use of E-books in An Academic and Research Environment - A Case Study from 978-1-4244-2328-6/08/$25.00 © 2008 IEEE the Indian Institute of Science,” Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems, vol. 40, No. 1, 2005, pp. 48-62.

• Cambridge Dictionaries Online, (2012). Available: http://dictionary.cambridge.org [2012, September].

• De Bra, P., Web-based educational hypermedia, Book chapter in: Data Mining in E-Learning, dited by C. Romero and S. Ventura, Universidad de Cordoba, Spain, WIT Press, ISBN 1-84564-152-3, , pp. 3-17, 2006.

• De Bra, P.M.E. De, Kay, J. & Weibelzahl, S. (2009). Introduction to the special issue on personalization. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2(1), 1-2.

• De Reuver M. , Bouwman H. , and Haaker T. , (2009) “Mobile Business Models: Organizational and Financial Design Issues that Matter,” Electronic Markets, vol. 19, March 2009, pp. 3–13.

• Hameed, N., Cheah Yu-N , Muhammad Rafie Hj. Mohd. Arshad , (2011). XEBPER: An E-book Using Java 3D API, Malaysian Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 54-62.

• [Knutov, 2011] Knutov, E., Bra, P.M.E. De & Pechenizkiy, M. (2011). Generic Adaptation Framework : a process-oriented perspective. Journal of Digital Information, 12(1).

• Loebbecke, C.; Soehnel, A.; Weniger, S.; Weiss, T. (2010) Innovating for the Mobile End-User Market: Amazon's Kindle 2 Strategy as Emerging Business Model, Mobile Business and 2010 Ninth Global Mobility Roundtable (ICMB-GMR), 2010 Ninth International Conference on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICMB-GMR.2010.17 Publication Year: 2010 , Page(s): 51 – 57.