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Towards an Energy Smart Retail Mall GREAT WORLD CITY SHOPPING CENTREPresented By
Joseph Loh
(KQP, GMP)
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AgendaAgendaAgendaAgendaAgendaAgendaAgendaAgenda
1. Humble beginning of Great World City2. G-Energy Global main scope of work at GWC3. Finding and Observation of Audit Results
• Chiller Plant• AHU• Lighting System• MV system
4. Conceptual Proposal on HVAC and Lighting System
5. Conclusion
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• In the early '30s, Mr Lee Choon Yung developed the site into an amusement park
• In 1941, it was sold to the Shaw Organisation
• The site was later also used as the Air Defence Rescue Office of the British Army
• In 1942, the park was transformed into a camp for Australian prisoners-of-war
• Later, the PoWs were housed in shacks behind the park so that it could resume business. But for the next 3 1/2 years, gambling was the predominant activity there.
• Grand reopening of the Great World Amusement Park in 1958
The First ‘Integrated Resort’ ….??
Tua Seh Kai
The park closed down on March 31, 1964, although the cinemas and restaurants continued operating till 1978.
IN 1979, Mr Robert Kuok, Malaysia's "Sugar King", bought the site from Shaw. Midpoint Properties, a member of the Kuok group of companies, was named the developer and it proposed building a residential and shopping complex there.
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5
G-Energy Global Main Scope of Work at GWC
• To evaluate the performance of the following energy system and explore for Energy Conservation Opportunities:
-Air-Conditioning Chillers Plantroom
-Air Handling Units
-Mechanical Ventilation
-Lighting System
-Lifts and Escalators
• Benchmark efficiencies for the new proposed system and identify potential savings on with new optimized chiller plantroom system
• Re-configure all AHU control strategies to achieve better system efficiency with relative humidity control capability
• Provide design consultancy and manage project to ensure contractor fulfill all their contractual responsibilities
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Building Fact Sheet:
• 2 Office Towers (East & West) – 18 Storey• Retail Mall – 4 Storey + 2 Basement
(Clothes, Cinemas, F&B Outlets, Gym and Electronics)
• 4 chilled Water Branches- East Retail Mall- West Retail Mall + Office- Office- Cinema
• 3 levels of Basement Carparks• Total Approx. GFA: 135,000 m2
And the theme goes on ... even the toilets are painted with exotic scenes
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Audit work involved using EASe Grant:
• Chiller Plantroom and Airside System
• Building Lighting System
• Building M/V System & Carpark Exhaust System (CO measurement)
• Lifts & Escalators
An ornamental carousel is throwback to the real one at the old World.
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Chiller Plantroom
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Old Chiller Configuration List
7 x Water-cooled Chillers and 4 x Air-cooled Chillers
Old Pump Configuration List
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Old Cooling Towers Configuration List
Building Total Cooling Load ProfilePlantroom Tonnage Profile
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
To
nn
age
Weekdays
Weekends
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Cooling Load Demand HistogramPlantroom Tonnage Histogram
27.6%
7.5%
3.5%
1.5% 1.1% 1.0%0.7% 0.6% 0.7%1.4%
3.6%4.5% 4.9% 4.7%5.1%
2.5% 2.2%
0.7%1.1% 0.6%
2.0%
8.2%9.0%
4.6%
0.7%0.0%0.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
More
Bin
Occ
urr
ence
Building Plantroom Power ProfileTotal Plantroom Power Profile
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
kW
8
Plantroom Efficiency Profile
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
kW/T
on
Building Plantroom Efficiency Profile
0.8kW/Ton0.65kW/Ton
About 90% of the time operating between 1.1 to 2.4kW/Ton
Plantroom System Efficiency Histogram
0.4%0.1%0.1%0.4%0.4%
2.1%
11.8%
24.0%
11.1%
4.2%
6.2%
1.7%1.9%2.3%1.8%
3.9%3.7%
5.8%
3.9%
0.9%0.5%0.7%0.8%0.8%0.6%0.6%
9.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0.5 0.6
0.7
0.8 0.9 1
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4 1.5
1.6
1.7 1.8
1.9 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5 2.6
2.7
2.8 2.9 3
Mor
e
Bin
Occ
urr
ence
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Existing SystemProposed System 0.65 to 0.8 kW/Ton
Comparison of Plantroom Chiller System Efficiency
Building Plantroom Efficiency vs TonnageEfficiency vs Tonnage
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Tonnage
Eff
icie
ncy
kW
/To
n
10
E f f i c i e n c y v s T o n n a g e
0 . 0
1 . 0
2 . 0
3 . 0
4 . 0
5 . 0
6 . 0
- 5 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 1 , 5 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 2 , 5 0 0 3 , 0 0 0
T o n n a g e
Eff
icie
ncy
kW
/Ton
P l a n t r o o m T o n n a g e H i s t o g r a m
2 7 . 6 %
7 . 5 %
3 . 5 %
1 . 5 % 1 . 1 % 1 . 0 % 0 . 7 % 0 . 6 % 0 . 7 %1 . 4 %
3 . 6 %4 . 5 % 4 . 9 % 4 . 7 % 5 . 1 %
2 . 5 % 2 . 2 %
0 . 7 % 1 . 1 % 0 . 6 %
2 . 0 %
8 . 2 %9 . 0 %
4 . 6 %
0 . 7 %0 . 0 % 0 . 0 %
0 %
5 %
1 0 %
1 5 %
2 0 %
2 5 %
3 0 %
1002 00 300
400500
6007 00 800
9001000
11001 20
01300
1 400
15001 60
01700
18001 90
02000
2 100
22002300
24002500
2 600
Mo re
B i n
Occ
urr
ence
Retail East Cooling Load ProfileRetail East Tonnage Profile
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
To
nn
age
1st & 2nd day of CNY
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Retail East Supply & Return Chilled Water Temp Profile
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
Tem
p C
Supply 7 to 8.2C
Return ranging from 10 to 12C
Retail East CHWT Differential ProfileRetail East Chilled Water Temp Differential Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
Tem
p C
5.5C
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Retail East Chilled Water Flowrate Profile
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
GP
M
Retail East System Curve
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000Flowrate (GPM)
Hea
d (F
eet)
Current4,000 – 5,500 GPM
Actual Requirement2,400 – 3200 GPM
Current 60 – 100ft
Actual Requirement30 – 50ft
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Office Cooling Load ProfileOffice Tonnage Profile
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
Time
To
nn
age
Office CHWS & CHWR Profile
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Office System Curve
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Flowrate (GPM)
Hea
d (
Fee
t)
Current
Actual Requirement
Office System Curve Profile
Retail West + Office Tower Cooling Load ProfileRetail West + Office Tonnage Profile
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Time
To
nn
age
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West Tower CHWS & CHWR Profile
West Tower Flow Rate Profile
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Retail West System Curve
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Flowrate (GPM)
Hea
d (
Fee
t)
CurrentActual Requirement
Current Max.11,000 GPM
Actual Max. Requirement7,500 GPM
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Prepared ByPrepared By
GG--ENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTDENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTD
33
Chillers Performance
Poor Part Load Chiller Efficiency
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SS530 0.58kW/Ton
Poor Performance due to Aging600RT perform at 500RT
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Poor Part Load Performance300RT performing at 250RT
0.7 to 1.0 kW/Ton
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Prepared ByPrepared By
GG--ENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTDENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTD
39
Air Handling Units
AHU Airflow Measurement
Over-supply of Airflow resulting in HighEnergy Consumption And Poor Off-Coil Temp
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15.3 - 17.5°C / 97% RH
AHU Supply Airflow Measurement
23.2°C / 73% RH
AHU Return Airflow Measurement
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AHU CO2 Measurement
CO2 concentration on high side
Prepared ByPrepared By
GG--ENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTDENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTD
44
Building Light Fittings
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Light Fittings Findings
• Retail shopping corridors and toilets are using energy
efficient PLC compact light fittings
• Existing light fittings used in carpark and Staircases
are of T8 Fluorescent type
Retail Light Fittings Measurement
Using PLC FittingsAbove Required Level
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Capark Light Fittings Measurement
Below Required Level
Using T8 Tubes
Staircases Light Fittings Measurement
Below Required Level
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Building M/V System and
Carpark Exhaust
Building M/V System Airflow Measurement
Good Selection !Able to comply CP 13Resulting lesser energy required to operate
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Building M/V System Airflow Measurement
Unable to comply CP 13Resulting more energy required to operate
Building M/V System Airflow Measurement
Unable to comply CP 13Resulting more energy required to operate
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Good Selection !Able to comply CP 13 on energy efficiencyResulting lesser energy required to operate
Carpark Exhaust System Airflow Measurement
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Carpark Exhaust System Airflow Verification
Unable to comply CP 13Insufficient Ventilation Rate
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Carpark Exhaust System CO Measurement
CP 13 requirement to maintain 25ppmHigh CO concentration during lunch time
Prepared ByPrepared By
GG--ENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTDENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTD
56
Recommendations
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Proposed New Chiller Plantroom System Configuration (Including AHU)
Financial Analysis Base on 2.5% Inflation Rate Using 3% increase on Tariff per year
Proposal
Proposed Chiller Configuration + AHU
Improvement RefrigerantPeak Hours
(1400RT)Off-Peak Hours (200 to 300RT)
Expected Saving
NPV @ 2.5% using 15 years life
cycle
IRR using 15 years life cycle
11 x 250RT + 4 x
700RT R134a 4 x 700RT1 x 250RT or 1 x
700RT $ 1,080,000 $11,356,133 23.11%
21 x 200RT + 1 x VSD 550RT + 2 x 1200RT R134a
2 x 1200RT + 1 x 550RT
1 x 200RT or 1 x VSD 550RT $ 1,110,000 $11,810,470 23.79%
31 x 250RT + 4 x
750RT R123a 4 x 750RT1 x 250RT or 1 x
750RT $ 1,250,000 $13,430,710 24.39%
41 x 200RT + 1 x
375RT + 2 x 1200RTR134a+
R1232 x1200RT +
1 x 375RT1 x 200RT + 1 x
375RT $ 1,110,000 $12,010,470 24.83%
51 x 200RT + 1 x
375RT + 2 x 1200RT R134a2 x1200RT +
1 x 375RT1 x 200RT + 1 x
375RT $ 1,080,000 $11,756,133 25.23%
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Conventional Air Handling SystemConventional Air Handling System
ZZZ
TREATED/UNTREATED OUTSIDE AIR
6.7º C 12.2º C
14º C
30
59
Conventional Air Handling System Conventional Air Handling System (When Room temperature gets low)(When Room temperature gets low)
ZZZ
TREATED/UNTREATED OUTSIDE AIR
6.7º C 16º C
18º C
More Innovative Design Air Handling SystemMore Innovative Design Air Handling System
Modulation Valve
Filter
CO2 Sensor
Chilled Water
Supply
VSD
Damper
Outside AirCooling coil
CHILLEDWATERRETURN
CHILLEDWATERSUPPLY
8ºC
8ºC
13.5ºC
< 14º C
24.5ºC
33ºC
10º C
14º C
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61
62
32
63
64
With Pre-cool Coil
33
65
66
34
67
Building M/V System Potential Savings
68
M/V System Proposal
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Staircases Light Fittings Savings
Carpark Light Fittings SavingsBase on 2500 Tubes T5 Replacement:
14 Months / 2.3 Years
Expected Pay Back
$ 62,000
$125,000
Expected Investment Cost (Excl. Installation)Expected Investment Cost (Incl. Installation)
$ 54,750Annual Potential Saving
$ 76,650$ 131,400Annual Electrical Cost
383,250 kWhrs657,000 kWhrsAnnual Electrical Consumption
AchievableExisting
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Summary of Building System Savings
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Trees to offset = 17,027 Trees/year
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Conclusion
Energy bill is typically the building’s single largest operating expense. By adopting a more professional approach to identify Energy Conservation Opportunities (i.e. conducting data acquisition), not only it can helps us to improve our design, it optimizes initial investment and provides high level of confident to achieve energy saving in a more holistic way.
Job Security
Salary Increment
Additional Bonus
Increase Profit for the Company
Prepared ByPrepared By
GG--ENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTDENERGY GLOBAL PTE LTD
74
Thank You!