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Towards design thinking in academic staff development
PProblem StatementWicked problems are everyday problems which are nevertheless difficult to solve as they are ill-defined associated with confusing information many decision makers and stakeholders with competing interests and involving whole systems (Buchanan 1992)
Wicked problems around uptake of technology in TampL
due to cost and maintenance poor infrastructure low technical literacy top-down and deterministic implementation as well as prevailing social attitudes toward technology (see Cloete amp Gillwald 2014)
Technology potential innovation driver in HE but slow uptake
Champions ldquoIndividuals who emerge to take creative ideas
(which they may or may not have generated) and bring them to life They make a decisive
contribution to the innovation process by actively and enthusiastically promoting the innovation building support overcoming resistance and
ensuring that the innovation is implementedrdquo (Beath 1991 p 355)
Context of Study Evaluation of academic staff development activities
to support integration of technology into teaching and learning at a large University of Technology in the Western Cape
Interview of eLearning champions
Commonalities themes emerging that mirror lsquodesign thinking mindsetrsquo
Methodology for developing novel solutions to complex real-world problems gaining popularity in various domains
Human-centred design centres the person we design for and the ethics of design (Brown 2009)
Establishment of Hasso-Plattner-Institute Schools of Design Thinking (HPI dschools) at Universities of Potsdam Stanford and Cape Town
Little application in staff development
Design Thinking in Education
dmindsets
Stanford dschool (2011 p3)
Research design
Interviews with 13 eLearning champions across all Faculties
Two rounds of coding to explore emerging themes then framed by design thinking dimensions
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
PProblem StatementWicked problems are everyday problems which are nevertheless difficult to solve as they are ill-defined associated with confusing information many decision makers and stakeholders with competing interests and involving whole systems (Buchanan 1992)
Wicked problems around uptake of technology in TampL
due to cost and maintenance poor infrastructure low technical literacy top-down and deterministic implementation as well as prevailing social attitudes toward technology (see Cloete amp Gillwald 2014)
Technology potential innovation driver in HE but slow uptake
Champions ldquoIndividuals who emerge to take creative ideas
(which they may or may not have generated) and bring them to life They make a decisive
contribution to the innovation process by actively and enthusiastically promoting the innovation building support overcoming resistance and
ensuring that the innovation is implementedrdquo (Beath 1991 p 355)
Context of Study Evaluation of academic staff development activities
to support integration of technology into teaching and learning at a large University of Technology in the Western Cape
Interview of eLearning champions
Commonalities themes emerging that mirror lsquodesign thinking mindsetrsquo
Methodology for developing novel solutions to complex real-world problems gaining popularity in various domains
Human-centred design centres the person we design for and the ethics of design (Brown 2009)
Establishment of Hasso-Plattner-Institute Schools of Design Thinking (HPI dschools) at Universities of Potsdam Stanford and Cape Town
Little application in staff development
Design Thinking in Education
dmindsets
Stanford dschool (2011 p3)
Research design
Interviews with 13 eLearning champions across all Faculties
Two rounds of coding to explore emerging themes then framed by design thinking dimensions
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Champions ldquoIndividuals who emerge to take creative ideas
(which they may or may not have generated) and bring them to life They make a decisive
contribution to the innovation process by actively and enthusiastically promoting the innovation building support overcoming resistance and
ensuring that the innovation is implementedrdquo (Beath 1991 p 355)
Context of Study Evaluation of academic staff development activities
to support integration of technology into teaching and learning at a large University of Technology in the Western Cape
Interview of eLearning champions
Commonalities themes emerging that mirror lsquodesign thinking mindsetrsquo
Methodology for developing novel solutions to complex real-world problems gaining popularity in various domains
Human-centred design centres the person we design for and the ethics of design (Brown 2009)
Establishment of Hasso-Plattner-Institute Schools of Design Thinking (HPI dschools) at Universities of Potsdam Stanford and Cape Town
Little application in staff development
Design Thinking in Education
dmindsets
Stanford dschool (2011 p3)
Research design
Interviews with 13 eLearning champions across all Faculties
Two rounds of coding to explore emerging themes then framed by design thinking dimensions
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Context of Study Evaluation of academic staff development activities
to support integration of technology into teaching and learning at a large University of Technology in the Western Cape
Interview of eLearning champions
Commonalities themes emerging that mirror lsquodesign thinking mindsetrsquo
Methodology for developing novel solutions to complex real-world problems gaining popularity in various domains
Human-centred design centres the person we design for and the ethics of design (Brown 2009)
Establishment of Hasso-Plattner-Institute Schools of Design Thinking (HPI dschools) at Universities of Potsdam Stanford and Cape Town
Little application in staff development
Design Thinking in Education
dmindsets
Stanford dschool (2011 p3)
Research design
Interviews with 13 eLearning champions across all Faculties
Two rounds of coding to explore emerging themes then framed by design thinking dimensions
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Methodology for developing novel solutions to complex real-world problems gaining popularity in various domains
Human-centred design centres the person we design for and the ethics of design (Brown 2009)
Establishment of Hasso-Plattner-Institute Schools of Design Thinking (HPI dschools) at Universities of Potsdam Stanford and Cape Town
Little application in staff development
Design Thinking in Education
dmindsets
Stanford dschool (2011 p3)
Research design
Interviews with 13 eLearning champions across all Faculties
Two rounds of coding to explore emerging themes then framed by design thinking dimensions
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
dmindsets
Stanford dschool (2011 p3)
Research design
Interviews with 13 eLearning champions across all Faculties
Two rounds of coding to explore emerging themes then framed by design thinking dimensions
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Research design
Interviews with 13 eLearning champions across all Faculties
Two rounds of coding to explore emerging themes then framed by design thinking dimensions
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
FindingseLearning champions mindset
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Can design thinking be learntImplications for staff development practicelsquoit is learned best through the active process of creating and doingrsquo (Koehler 2003 p 20)
lsquoWith sufficient practice within meaningful environments along with scaffolded support and formative feedback we believe that students can learn design thinking skillsrsquo (Razzou and Shute 2012 p 343)
lsquobest developed through the iterative refinement of artifacts that are being developed to represent design ideas throughout design episodesrsquo (Koh et al 2015 p 40)
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Persona activity
User Journey
Learning Experience Metaphors
Mindhandsheart metaphor
Examples
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Persona activities
user archetypes that help define the intended design activity
The persona is an informed and experienced description of a hypothetical (end) user (in our case the learner) their contexts challenges and goals
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Focus on minds hearts and hands
lsquoNeglecting the skill-based outcomes may lead to educating individuals with creative over-confidence who lack the skills and knowledge to apply their creativityrsquo (Taheri et al 2016 p9)
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Learning experience metaphors
guide the development of an activity or a course by framing all elements of the activity within a certain learning scenario
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
Open questions
Canshould we all become champions
What in a champions mindset is problematic when it comes to mainstreaming use of technology in teaching and learning
Role of design thinking in the context of a decolonising project
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom
ReferencesBuchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking Design Issues 8(2) 5ndash21
Carr T (2013) emerging Across Africa Five Papers on the Use of Educational Technology in African Higher Education African Journal of Information Systems 5(3) 65-70
Cloete N amp Gillwald A (2014) South Africa Informational development and human developmentndashRights vs capabilities In Castells M amp Himanen P (Eds) Reconceptualizing Development in the Global Information Age New York Oxford University Press pp 140-174
Beath C M (1991) Supporting the information technology champion MIS Quarterly 15 355ndash372 102307249647 Retrieved from httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull1010801246012520161187405
Brown T (2009) Change by design How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation New York NY HarperCollins
dschool (2011) Bootcamp Bootleg Institute of Design at Stanford Retrieved from httpsdschoolstanfordeduwp-contentuploads201103BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM
Koh J H L Chai C S Wong B amp Hong H Y (2015) Design thinking for education Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning Singapore Springer httpdoiorg101007978-981-287-444-3
Rauth I Koumlppen E Jobst B amp Meinel C (2010) Design Thinking An Educational Model towards Creative Confidence 1st International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2010) (December) 1ndash8
Razzouk R amp Shute V (2012) What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important Review of Educational Research 82(3) 330ndash348 httpdoiorg1031020034654312457429
Taheri M et al (2016) An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes In The ISPIM Innovation Forum Boston USA ISPIM
Iconography wwwflaticoncom