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e-geopolis
Towards Harmonized Urban Indicators at a Global Scale
Updating our knowledge of urbanization processes,1950-2020
World Bank, Aug.12, 2008François Moriconi-Ebrard
e-geopolis
The paradox
50% of world population living in cities ?
Heterogeneous definitions of urbanDiversity of statistical approaches
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e-geopolis : conceptual framework
connectivity, commuting pattern
density/ continuous built-up areaadministrationDEFINITION
accessibilitymorphologicalPolitical, legalDYNAMICS
‘metropolite’
(Gr. Meter polis)
urbanite
(lat. Urbs)
citizen
(lat. Civitas)INHABITANT
network control, densification and
diversification
accumulation of activities, goods and
peoplecharter, city-
wallsHISTORY
METRO AREAURBAN AREACITY/TOWN
e-geopolis : methodology
Step 1 : legal boundaries of administrative units
Use of statistical data such aspopulation censuses
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e-geopolis : methodology
Step 2 : satellites images
Combined with topographic maps, satellite images and/or field data
e-geopolis : methodology
Step 3 : built areas are drawn
Physical expansion of built-up areas :agglomerations
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e-geopolis : methodology
Step 4 : buffer areas
Buffer areas: 100 meters around built-up areas
e-geopolis : methodology
Step 5 : buffer areas are put together
Contiguous and overlapping buffer areas are assembled
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e-geopolis : methodology
Step 6 : boundaries are adjusted
Agglomeration boundaries are ‘adjusted’ according to whole local units.
Min. of 50% and more of local units must be agglomerated
e-geopolis : methodology
A single definition for ‘urban’ settlements (10,000 inh.)
In use in about 50 countries in the world
Recommended by UN/ESA 1980
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e-geopolis : methodology
E-geopolis data could be verified:
1- data could be superimposedon Google Earth images in KLM format
2- demographic sources deposited in public libraries
e-geopolis : three examples
AFRICAPOLIS(West-Africa , an AFD supported project)
EUROPOLIS
INDIAPOLIS
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Africapolis : results
Urbanization rate 1960 : 13%
7.5 % in 1950 33.6 % in 2010
One of the world’s lowest rate
Africapolis : results
Urbanization rate 1970 : 19%
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Africapolis : results
Urbanization rate 1980 : 24%
Africapolis : results
Urbanization rate 1990 : 29%
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Africapolis : results
Urbanization rate 2000 : 32%
Africapolis : results
Urbanization rate 2010 : 34%
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Africapolis : results
Urbanization rate 2020 : 35%
Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 1950
125agglomerationsin 1950
1,500 in 2020
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Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 1960
125agglomerationsin 1950
1,500 in 2020
Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 1970
125agglomerationsin 1950
1,500 in 2020
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Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 1980
125agglomerationsin 1950
1,500 in 2020
Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 1990
125agglomerationsin 1950
1,500 in 2020
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Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 2000
125agglomerationsin 1950
1,500 in 2020
Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 2010
125agglomerationsin 1950
1,500 in 2020
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Africapolis : results
Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 2020
125agglomerationsen 1950
1,500 in 2020
Africapolis : results
Urban shapes and urbanized areas
One third of West African people live on 14,000 sq.km,
which is3/1000 of West African land
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Africapolis : results�
No agglomeration of1 million or more in 1960…
16 in 2010 (28 millions residents)
60 cities of 20,000 and less in 1950 …
600 in 2010
Project hosted by IFP Pondichery, Indiawww.ifpindia.org
Indiapolis �: in process
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EUROPOLIS
Supported by ANR(Agence Nationale pour la Recherche), France
Europolis �: in process
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Ruhr-Rhine regions, urban areas (10,000 and more)
Compared with Paris at the same scale
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e-geopolis : why ?
Heterogeneous sets of data published by national statistics
Select a countryor region
e-geopolis : why ?
No projected data for cities under 500,000 at world scale
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e-geopolis : why ?
Number of agglomerations of 500,000 and more
34 en 2020
e-geopolis : why ?
What about small agglomerations ?
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e-geopolis : why ?
Urbanization ‘from below ’ : emerging agglomerations
1950-60
e-geopolis : why ?
Urbanization ‘from below ’ : emerging agglomerations
2010-20
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e-geopolis : why ?
Bannonfla: a new agglomeration
Bannonfla, Cote d’Ivoire had 10,000 residents in 2007, but was still listed as rural area by local authorities
e-geopolis : why ?
« Se sentant abandonnés par le programme d'électrification les habitants de Bannonfla ont publiquement exprimé leur mécontentement.
Le Mouvement de développement de Bannonfla (MDB) a initié, dimanche dernier, une marche pacifique suivie d'un meeting à la place publique dudit village.
Il a exprimé sa déception et réclamé un minimum d'attention du Front populaire ivoirien (FPI), parti dont il se réclame. la Mutuelle de développement social du Gonan (MUDESGO), ont lancé un cri du cœur, non seulement en faveur de l'avènement de la lumière, mais également pour d'autres commodités comme le téléphone, l'eau courante, la réhabilitation de la voie principale d'accès au canton »
Fraternité Matin (Abidjan) 25 Juillet 2007.
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e-geopolis : why ?
Ouagadougou : urban sprawl on the city periphery’s villages
Urban/ rural demarcation was revised
e-geopolis : why ?
A call for precise data
Kankan, Guinea, 108,700 inhabitants in 2000
In red, Kankan’s urban outline as defined by Africapolis project
In white, Kankan’s urban outline as defined by GRUMP’s Urban Extends
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e-geopolis : why ?
Misplaced names on satellite images
Ashanti region, north east of Kumasi, Ghana
e-geopolis : how ?
Three types of sources brought together: − Population census data - Geo-referenced local units (settlements)− Satellite images
A single definition of urban settlements
Based on the entire settlement distribution (from hamlets to metropolis)
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e-geopolis : how ?
Population censuses (CIV, 1998)
e-geopolis : how ?
2 millions geo-referenced local units
Benin’s settlements
Red dots: urban
Blue dots: rural
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e-geopolis : conclusion
Project allows a wide range of analysis, such as :
Growth of 50,000 agglomerationsPatterns of urban population distributionDensity and urbanization ; density and environments‘Metropolization’ effect‘Administrative status’ effect‘Littoral’ effectUrbanization trends 1950-2020
e-geopolis: projected calendar
?2010Rest of the World
ANR(10%)2009-2010Americapolis
?2009Maghrebopolis
?2009-2010Chinapolis
ANR/ESF (100%)Spring 2009Europolis
ANR/IFP (20%)2008-2009Indiapolis
?2009Africapolis, rest of Africa
AFD/ANR (100%)2008 (completed)Africapolis (W)
FUNDINGDATEWORLD REGION